（《纲目》）
【释名】月月红（见下）、胜春、瘦客、斗雪红。
【集解】时珍曰∶处处人家多栽插之，亦蔷薇类也。青茎长蔓硬刺，叶小于蔷薇，而花
深红，千叶浓瓣，逐月开放，不结子也。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】活血，消肿，敷毒（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
瘰 未破∶用月季花头二钱，沉香五钱，芫花（炒）三钱，碎锉，入大鲫鱼腹中，就以
鱼
肠封固，酒、水各一盏，煮熟食之，即愈。鱼须安粪水内游死者方效。此是家传方，活人多
矣。
（《本经》中品）
【校正】并入《图经》天花粉。
【释名】果 （音裸）、栝蒌（《纲目》）、天瓜（《别录》）、黄瓜（《别录》）、地蒌（《本
经》）、泽姑（《别
时珍曰∶ ，与 同。
许慎云∶木上曰果，地下曰 。此物蔓生附木，故得兼名。《诗》云∶果 之实，亦施
于宇，是矣。栝蒌，即果 二字音转也，亦作 KT ，后人又转为栝蒌，愈转愈失其真矣。
古者瓜姑同音，故有泽姑之名。齐人谓之天瓜，象形也。雷 《炮炙论》，以圆者为栝，长
者为蒌，亦出牵强，但分雌雄可也。其根作粉，洁白如雪，故谓之天花粉。苏颂《图经》重
出天花粉，谬
【集解】《别录》曰∶栝蒌，生弘农川谷及山阴地。根入土深者，良；生卤地者，有毒。
二月、八月采根曝干，三十日成。
弘景曰∶出近道。藤生，状如土瓜而叶有叉。入土六、七尺，大二、三围者，服食亦用
之。实入摩膏用。
恭曰∶出陕州者，白实最佳。
颂曰∶所在有之。三、四月生苗，引藤蔓。叶如甜瓜叶而窄，作叉，有细毛。七月开花
，似壶卢花，浅黄色。结实在花下，大如拳，生青，至九月熟，赤黄色。其形有正圆者，有
锐而长者，功用皆同。根亦名白药，皮黄肉白。
时珍曰∶其根直下生，年久者长数尺。秋后掘者结实有粉。夏月掘者有筋无粉，不堪用。
其实圆长，青时如瓜，黄时如熟柿，山家小儿亦食之。内有扁子，大如丝瓜子，壳色褐，仁
色绿，多脂，作青气。炒干捣烂，水熬取油，可点灯。
实
【修治】 曰∶凡使皮子茎根，其效各别。其栝，圆黄皮浓蒂小；蒌则形长赤皮蒂粗。
阴人服蒌，阳人服栝。并去壳皮革膜及油。用根亦取大二、三围者，去皮捣烂，以水澄粉用。
时珍曰∶栝蒌，古方全用，后世乃分子、瓤各用。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。时珍曰∶味甘，不苦。
【主治】胸痹，悦泽人面（《别录》）。润肺燥，降火，治咳嗽，涤痰结，利咽喉，止消
渴，利大肠，消痈肿疮毒（时珍）。子∶炒用，补虚劳口干，润心肺，治吐血，肠风泻血，
赤白痢，手面皱（大明）。
【发明】震亨曰∶栝蒌实治胸痹者，以其味甘性润。甘能补肺，润能降气。胸中有痰者，
乃肺受火逼，失其降下之令。今得甘缓润下之助，则痰自降，宜其为治嗽之要药也。且又能
洗涤胸膈中垢腻郁热，为治消渴之神药。
时珍曰∶张仲景治胸痹痛引心背，咳唾喘息，及结胸满痛，皆用栝蒌实。乃取其甘寒不
犯胃气，能降上焦之火，使痰气下降也。成无己不知此意，乃云苦寒以泻热。盖不尝其味原
不苦，而随文傅会尔。
【附方】旧十二，新二十八。
痰咳不止∶栝蒌仁一两，文蛤七分，为末，以姜汁澄浓脚，丸弹子大。噙之。（《摘玄
方》）
干咳无痰∶熟栝蒌捣烂绞汁，入蜜等分，加白矾一钱，熬膏。频含咽汁。（杨起《简便
方》）
咳嗽有痰∶熟栝蒌十个，明矾二两，捣和饼阴干，研末，糊丸梧子大。每姜汤下五、七
十丸。（《医方摘要》）
痰喘气急∶ KT 二个，明矾一枣大。同烧存性，研末。以熟萝卜蘸食，药尽病除。（《普
济
热咳不止∶用浓茶汤一钟，蜜一钟，大熟栝蒌一个去皮，将瓤入茶蜜汤洗去子，以碗盛，
于饭上蒸，至饭熟取出。时时挑三四匙咽之。（《摘玄方》）
肺热痰咳，胸膈塞满∶用栝蒌仁、半夏（汤泡七次，焙研）各一两。姜汁打面糊丸梧子
大。每服五十丸，食后姜汤下。（严用和《济生方》）
肺痿咳血不止∶用栝蒌五十个（连瓤瓦焙），乌梅肉五十个（焙），杏仁（去皮尖炒）二
十一个，为末。每用一捻，以猪肺一片切薄，掺末入内炙熟，冷嚼咽之，日二服。（《圣济录》）
酒痰咳嗽，用此救肺∶栝蒌仁、青黛等分，研末，姜汁蜜丸芡子大。每噙一丸。（《丹溪心
法》）
饮酒发热∶即上方研膏，日食数匙。一男子年二十病此，服之而愈。（《摘玄方》）
饮酒痰 ，两胁胀满，时复呕吐，腹中如水声∶栝蒌实（去壳，焙）一两，神曲（炒）半两，
为
小儿痰喘，咳嗽，膈热久不瘥∶瓜蒌实一枚（去子）。为末，以寒食面和作饼子，炙黄
再研末。每服一钱，温水化下，日三服，效乃止。
妇人夜热痰嗽，月经不调，形瘦者∶用栝蒌仁一两，青黛、香附（童尿浸晒）一两五钱，
为末。蜜调，噙化之。（《丹溪心法》） 胸痹痰嗽，胸痛彻背，心腹痞满，气不得通，及
治痰嗽∶大栝蒌去瓤，取子炒熟，和壳研末，面糊丸梧子大。每米饮下二、三十丸，日二服。
（《杜壬方》）胸中痹痛引背，喘息咳唾，短气，寸脉沉迟，关上紧数。用大栝蒌实一枚
（切），薤白半斤。以白酒七斤，煮二升，分再服。加半夏四两更善。（仲景《金匮》方） 清
痰利膈，治咳嗽∶用肥大栝蒌（洗取子，切焙）、半夏四十九个（汤洗十次，捶焙）等分。
为末，用洗栝蒌水并瓤同熬成膏，和丸
中风 斜∶用栝蒌绞汁，和大麦面作饼，炙热熨之。正便止，勿令太过。（《圣惠方》）
热病头痛，发热进退∶用大栝蒌一枚，取瓤细锉，置瓷碗中。用热汤一盏沃之，盖定良
久，去滓服。（《圣惠方》）
时疾发黄，狂闷烦热，不识人者∶大栝蒌实（黄者）一枚，以新汲水九合浸淘取汁，入
蜜半合，朴硝八分，合搅令消尽，分再服，便瘥。（苏颂《图经本草》）
小儿黄胆，眼黄脾热∶用青栝蒌焙研。每服一钱，水半盏，煎七分，卧时服。五更泻下
黄物，立可。名逐黄散。（《普济方》）
酒黄胆疾∶方同上。
小便不通腹胀∶用栝蒌焙研。每服二钱，热酒下。频服，以通为度。绍兴刘驻云∶魏明
州病此，御医用此方治之，得效。（《圣惠方》）
消渴烦乱∶黄栝蒌一个，酒一盏，洗去皮子，取瓤煎成膏，入白矾末一两，丸梧子大。
每米饮下十丸。（《圣惠方》）
燥渴肠秘∶九月、十月熟 KT 实，取瓤拌干葛粉，银石器中慢火炒熟，为末。食后、
夜卧各以沸汤点服二钱。（寇宗 《衍义》）
吐血不止∶栝蒌（泥固 存性研）三钱，糯米饮服，日再服。（《圣济录》）
肠风下血∶栝蒌一个（烧灰），赤小豆半两，为末。每空心酒服一钱。（《普济方
久痢五色∶大熟 蒌一个。 存性，出火毒，为末。作一服，温酒服之。胡大卿一仆，
患痢半年，杭州一道人传此而愈。（《本事方》）
大肠脱肛∶生栝蒌捣汁，温服之。以猪肉汁洗手， 之令暖，自
小儿脱肛，唇白齿焦，久则两颊光，眉赤唇焦，啼哭∶黄 蒌一个，入白矾五钱在内，
固济 存性，为末，糊丸梧子大。每米饮下二十丸。（《摘玄方》）
牙齿疼痛∶ 蒌皮、露蜂房烧灰擦牙。以乌 根、荆柴根、葱根煎汤嗽之。（危氏《得
效方》）
咽喉肿痛，语声不出∶经进方用栝蒌皮、白僵蚕（炒）、甘草（炒）各二钱半，为末。每服
三钱半，姜汤下。或以绵裹半钱，含咽。一日二服。名发声散。（《御药院方》）
坚齿乌须∶大栝蒌一个（开顶），入青盐二两，杏仁（去皮尖）三七粒，原顶合扎定，
蚯蚓
泥和盐固济，炭火 存性，研末。每日揩牙三次，令热，百日有验。如先有白须，拔去以药
投之，即生黑者。其治口齿之功，未易具陈。（《普济方》）
面黑令白∶栝蒌瓤三两，杏仁一两，猪胰一具。同研如膏。每夜涂之，令人光润，冬月
不皴。（《圣济录》）
胞衣不下∶栝蒌实一个，取子细研，以酒与童子小便各半盏，煎七分，温服。无实，用
根亦可。（陈良甫《妇人良方》）
乳汁不下∶ 蒌子淘洗，控干炒香，瓦上拓令白色，为末。酒服一钱匕，合面卧，
一夜流出。（
乳痈初发∶大熟栝蒌一枚熟捣，以白酒一斗，煮取四升，去滓，温服一升，日三服。（《子
母秘录》）诸痈发背，初起微赤∶栝蒌捣末，井华水服方寸匕。（《梅师方》）
便毒初发∶黄 蒌一个，黄连五钱，水煎。连服效。（李仲南《永类方》）
风疮疥癞∶生栝蒌一、二个、打碎，酒浸一日夜。热饮。（ 仙《乾坤秘韫》）
热游丹肿∶栝蒌子仁末二大两，酽醋调涂。（杨氏《产乳集验方》）
指顶，遍身者。先服败毒散，后
用此解皮肤风热，不过十服愈∶用栝蒌
皮为末。每服三钱，烧酒下，日三服。（《集简方》）
根
【修治】天花粉。
周定王曰∶秋冬采根，去皮寸切，水浸，逐日换水，四、五日取出，捣泥，以绢袋滤汁
澄粉，晒干用。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
时珍曰∶甘、微苦、酸，微寒。
之才曰∶枸杞为之使。恶干姜，畏牛膝、干漆，反乌头。
【主治】消渴身热，烦满大热，补虚安中，续绝伤（《本经》）。除肠胃中痼热，八疸身
面黄，唇干口燥短气，止小便利，通月水（《别录》）。
发背，痔 疮疖，排脓生肌长肉，消扑损瘀血（大明）。
【发明】恭曰∶用根作粉，洁白美好，食之大宜虚热人。
杲曰∶栝蒌根纯阴，解烦渴，行津液。心中枯涸者，非此不能除。与辛酸同用，导肿气
成无己曰∶津液不足则为渴。栝蒌根味苦微寒，润枯燥而通行津液，是为渴所宜也。
时珍曰∶栝蒌根味甘微苦酸。其茎叶味酸。酸能生津，感召之理，故能止渴润枯。微苦
降火，甘不伤胃。昔人只言其苦寒，似未深察。
【附方】旧十二，新十三。
消渴饮水∶《千金方》作粉法∶取大栝蒌根去皮寸切，水浸五日，逐日易水，取出捣研，
滤过澄粉晒干。每服方寸匕，水化下，日三服。亦可入粥及乳酪中食之。《肘后方》∶用栝蒌
根薄切炙，取五两，水五升，煮四升，随意饮之。《外台秘要》∶用生栝蒌根三十斤，以水
一石，煮取一斗半，去滓，以牛脂五合，煎至水尽。用暖酒先食服如鸡子大，日三服。最
妙。《圣惠方》∶用栝蒌根、黄连三两。为末，蜜丸梧子大。每服三十丸，日二服。
又玉壶丸∶用栝蒌根、人参等分，为末，蜜丸梧子大。每服三十丸，麦门冬汤下。
伤寒烦渴思饮∶栝蒌根三两。水五升，煮一升，分二服。先以淡竹沥一升，水二升，煮
好
百合病渴∶栝蒌根、牡蛎（熬）等分。为散。饮服方寸匕。（《永类方》）
黑疸危疾∶ 蒌根一斤，捣汁六合，顿服。随有黄水从小便出。如不出，再服。（杨起
《简便方》）
小儿发黄，皮肉面目皆黄∶用生栝蒌根捣取汁二合，蜜二大匙和匀，暖服，日一服。（《
利方》）
虚热咳嗽∶天花粉一两，人参三钱。为末。每服一钱，米汤下。（《集简方》）
偏疝痛极，劫之立住∶用绵袋包暖阴囊。取天花粉五钱，以醇酒一碗浸之，自卯至午，
微煎滚，露一夜。次早低凳坐定，两手按膝，饮下即愈。未效，再一服。（《本草蒙筌》）
小儿囊肿∶天花粉一两，炙甘草一钱半，水煎，入酒服。（《全幼心
耳卒烘烘∶栝蒌根削尖，以腊猪脂煎三沸，取塞耳，三日即愈。（《肘后方》）
耳聋未久∶栝蒌根三十斤细切，以水煮汁，如常酿酒。久服甚良。（《肘后方》）
产后吹乳，肿硬疼痛，轻则为妒乳，重则为乳痈∶用栝蒌根末一两，乳香一钱。为末。
温酒每服二钱。（李仲南《永类方》）
乳汁不下∶栝蒌根烧存性，研末。饮服方寸匕。或以五钱，酒水煎服。（杨氏《产乳》）
痈肿初起∶孟诜《食疗》∶用栝蒌根苦酒熬燥，捣筛，以苦酒和，涂纸上，贴之。杨文
蔚方∶用栝蒌根、
天泡湿疮∶天花粉、滑石等分，为末，水调搽之。（《普济方》）
杨梅天泡∶天花粉、川芎 各四两，槐花一两，为末，米糊丸梧子大。每空心淡姜汤下
七、八十丸。（《简便方》）
折伤肿痛∶栝蒌根捣涂，重布裹之。热除，痛即止。（葛洪《肘后方》）
箭镞不出∶栝蒌根，捣敷之，日三易，自出。（崔元亮《海上方》）
针刺入肉∶方同上。
痘后目障∶天花粉、蛇蜕（洗焙）等分。为末。羊子肝批开，入药在内，米泔汁煮熟，
切食。次女病此，服之旬余而愈。（周密《齐东野语》）
茎、叶
【气味】酸，寒，无毒。
【主治】中热伤暑（《别录》）。
[Names] Yueyuehong (see below), Shengchun, Shouke, Douxuehong.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen said: It is widely planted by households everywhere; it also belongs to the Rosaceae family. The stems are green with long vines and hard thorns. The leaves are smaller than those of roses, while the flowers are deep red with dense petals. They bloom every month but do not produce seeds.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Invigorates blood, reduces swelling, and applies externally to treat toxic sores (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Scrofula (tuberculous lymphadenitis of the neck) unruptured: Use 2 qian of rose flower heads, 5 qian of Agarwood (Chenxiang), and 3 qian of Genkwa Flower (Yuanhua, stir-fried). Crush them finely, place them inside a large crucian carp, seal with fish intestines, add one cup of wine and one cup of water, cook until done, and eat. It will heal immediately. The fish must be one that died after swimming in fecal water for this to be effective. This is a family secret recipe that has saved many lives.
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Middle Grade)
[Correction] Merged with the entry for Tianhuafen (Trichosanthes Root Powder) from *Tujing*.
[Names] Guoluo (pronounced "luo"), Gualou (*Bencao Gangmu*), Tiangua (*Mingyi Bielu*), Huanggua (*Mingyi Bielu*), Dilou (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), Zegu (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Li Shizhen said: "Gua" and "Lou" refer to the same entity. Xu Shen stated: What grows on trees is called "Guo," and what grows underground is called "Luo." This plant grows as a vine clinging to trees, hence the combined name. The *Classic of Poetry* says, "The fruit of the gourd spreads over the eaves," which confirms this. "Gualou" is a phonetic shift from "Guoluo," also written as "Kualou," later evolving into "Gualou," losing its original authenticity with each shift. In ancient times, "Gua" and "Gu" had the same pronunciation, hence the name Zegu. People in Qi called it Tiangua due to its shape. Lei Xiao's *Paozhi Lun* argued that round ones are Gua and long ones are Lou, which is forced; it merely distinguishes male and female. Its root powder is white as snow, hence the name Tianhuafen. Su Song's *Tujing* redundantly lists Tianhuafen, which is erroneous.
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Gualou grows in valleys and shady slopes of Hongnong. Roots penetrating deep into the soil are superior; those growing in saline-alkali soil are toxic. Harvest roots in February and August, dry them in the sun for thirty days.
Tao Hongjing said: It is produced in nearby regions. It grows as a vine, resembling *Cucurbita ficifolia* but with forked leaves. Roots entering the soil six or seven chi deep, with a diameter of two or three cun, can also be used for ingestion. Fruits are used for making massage ointments.
Zhen Quan said: Those from Shanzhou with white fruits are the best.
Su Song said: It is found everywhere. Seedlings emerge in March and April, sending out vines. Leaves resemble sweet melon leaves but are narrower and forked, with fine hairs. Flowers bloom in July, resembling bottle gourd flowers, pale yellow. Fruits form beneath the flowers, fist-sized, green when raw, turning reddish-yellow in September. Shapes vary from perfectly round to sharp and elongated, with identical efficacy. Roots are also called Baiyao, with yellow skin and white flesh.
Li Shizhen said: Roots grow straight down; old ones can reach several chi in length. Roots dug in autumn are firm and starchy. Roots dug in summer contain fibers and lack starch, making them unusable. Fruits are round or elongated; green like melons, yellow like ripe persimmons when mature. Mountain children eat them. Inside are flat seeds, size of silk melon seeds, brown shells, green kernels, oily, with a grassy odor. When dried, crushed, and boiled in water, oil can be extracted for lamps.
[Processing] Lei Xiao said: The skin, seeds, stems, and roots of Gualou have different effects. "Gua" refers to round, yellow-skinned varieties with small calyxes; "Lou" refers to elongated, red-skinned varieties with thick calyxes. Yin constitutions should consume Lou, while Yang constitutions should consume Gua. Remove shells, skins, membranes, and oil. For roots, select those two to three cun in diameter, remove skin, crush, and clarify with water to obtain powder.
Li Shizhen said: Ancient formulas used the whole Gualou; later generations separated seeds and pulp.
[Properties and Flavor] Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Li Shizhen said: Sweet, not bitter.
[Indications] Chest bi syndrome (chest obstruction), beautifies complexion (*Mingyi Bielu*). Moistens lung dryness, clears fire, treats cough, resolves phlegm nodules, benefits throat, stops thirst, promotes bowel movement, resolves carbuncles and toxic sores (Li Shizhen). Seeds: Stir-fried, tonifies deficiency and dry mouth, moistens lungs and heart, treats hematemesis, intestinal wind bleeding, dysentery with red and white discharge, wrinkles on hands and face (Meng Shen).
[Elucidation] Zhu Zhenheng said: Gualou fruit treats chest bi because it is sweet and moistening. Sweetness tonifies the lung; moisture directs qi downward. Phlegm in the chest results from lung heat forcing loss of descending function. With sweet and moistening assistance, phlegm descends naturally, making it an essential herb for coughs. It also cleanses turbid heat in the chest and diaphragm, acting as a divine herb for thirst.
Li Shizhen said: Zhang Zhongjing used Gualou fruit for chest bi pain radiating to the back, coughing up saliva and wheezing, and fullness/pain in the chest (Jie Xiong). He utilized its sweet-cold nature to avoid damaging stomach qi and to descend upper jiao fire, thereby lowering phlegm qi. Cheng Wuji misunderstood this, claiming it clears heat via bitterness and cold. He likely did not taste it, as it is originally not bitter, merely interpreting the text superficially.
[Attached Prescriptions] Twelve old, twenty-eight new.
Persistent phlegm cough: 1 liang Gualou Ren (seed kernel), 7 fen Wen Ge (Clam Shell), powdered. Mix with concentrated ginger juice to form pills the size of bullet seeds. Hold in mouth to dissolve (*Zhaxuan Fang*).
Dry cough without phlegm: Crush ripe Gualou, squeeze juice, mix equally with honey, add 1 qian Alum (Bai Fan), boil into paste. Frequently hold and swallow juice (*Yang Qi, Jianbian Fang*).
Cough with phlegm: Ten ripe Gualou, 2 liang Alum. Pound together, make cakes, dry in shade, powder. Form pills size of wutong seeds. Take 50-70 pills with ginger soup (*Yifang Jiangyao*).
Phlegm asthma and rapid breathing: Two Gualou fruits, alum size of a date. Calcine together until charred outside but raw inside, powder. Dip cooked radish in powder and eat until medicine is gone and disease cured (*Puji Fang*).
Persistent hot cough: One bell of strong tea, one bell of honey. Peel one large ripe Gualou, wash pulp with tea-honey water to remove seeds. Steam in a bowl over rice until rice is cooked. Take 3-4 spoons frequently (*Zhaxuan Fang*).
Lung heat with phlegm cough, chest oppression: 1 liang Gualou Ren, 1 liang Banxia (Pinellia, soaked in water seven times, dried and powdered). Make pills with ginger juice and flour paste, size of wutong seeds. Take 50 pills after meals with ginger soup (*Yan Yonghe, Jisheng Fang*).
Lung atrophy with persistent hemoptysis: Fifty Gualou (pulp and all, roasted on tile), fifty Wumei (smoked plum) meat (roasted), twenty-one Xingren (apricot seed, peeled and tip removed, stir-fried). Powder. Take a pinch, spread on thin slice of pig lung, roast until cooked, chew and swallow cold. Twice daily (*Shengji Lu*).
Alcohol-induced phlegm cough, saving the lungs: Equal parts Gualou Ren and Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis). Powder. Make pills with ginger juice and honey, size of euryale seed. Hold one pill in mouth (*Danxi Xinfa*).
Fever from drinking alcohol: Grind the above prescription into paste. Eat several spoons daily. A 20-year-old man was cured (*Zhaxuan Fang*).
Alcohol-induced phlegm-fluid retention, distension in hypochondrium, occasional vomiting, borborygmus: 1 liang Gualou Shi (fruit, shelled, roasted), 0.5 liang Shenqu (Medicated Leaven, stir-fried). Powder.
Pediatric phlegm asthma, cough, chronic diaphragmatic heat: One Gualou Shi (de-seeded). Powder. Mix with Han Shi mian (cold food dough), make cakes, roast yellow, re-powder. Take 1 qian dissolved in warm water, three times daily, stop when effective.
Women with night fever, phlegm cough, irregular menstruation, emaciation: 1 liang Gualou Ren, 1.5 liang Qingdai, Xiangfu (Cyperus, soaked in child's urine and dried). Powder. Mix with honey, hold in mouth to dissolve (*Danxi Xinfa*).
Chest bi with phlegm cough, chest pain radiating to back, epigastric fullness, qi stagnation, and phlegm cough: Large Gualou, remove pulp, take seeds, stir-fry, mix with shell, powder. Make pills with flour paste, size of wutong seeds. Take 20-30 pills with rice water, twice daily (*Du Ren Fang*).
Chest bi pain radiating to back, wheezing, coughing saliva, shortness of breath, deep-slow pulse at Cun, tight-rapid pulse at Guan. One large Gualou Shi (sliced), 8 liang Xiebai (Allium macrostemon). Boil in 7 jin white wine to 2 sheng, divide into two doses. Adding 4 liang Banxia is better (*Zhang Zhongjing, Jingui Yaolue*).
Clear phlegm, benefit diaphragm, treat cough: Equal parts large Gualou (washed, seeds removed, sliced, roasted) and Banxia (ten times washed in water, pounded, roasted). Powder. Boil washing water and pulp into paste, mix with powder to form pills.
Wind-stroke with facial deviation: Juice of Gualou mixed with barley flour, made into cakes, roasted hot, applied as compress. Stop when symmetry returns, do not overheat (*Shenghui Fang*).
Heat disease headache, alternating fever: One large Gualou, extract pulp, slice finely, place in porcelain bowl. Pour one bell of hot water, cover tightly for a long time, strain and drink (*Shenghui Fang*).
Epidemic jaundice with madness, oppression, irritability, unconsciousness: One large yellow Gualou Shi. Soak and wash in nine he of fresh well water to extract juice. Add half he of honey and 8 fen Poxiao (Niter). Mix until dissolved, divide into two doses, recover quickly (*Su Song, Tujing Bencao*).
Pediatric jaundice, yellow eyes and spleen heat: Roast and powder green Gualou. Take 1 qian, half bell of water, boil to 7 fen, take before sleep. Yellow stool passed at dawn brings immediate relief. Name: Zhuhuang San (*Puji Fang*).
Alcoholic jaundice: Same formula as above.
Urinary retention with abdominal distension: Roast and powder Gualou. Take 2 qian with hot wine. Frequent dosing until urination resumes. Liu Zhu of Shaoxing reported: Wei Mingzhou suffered this; imperial physicians used this formula successfully (*Shenghui Fang*).
Thirst with irritability: One yellow Gualou. Wash with one bell of wine, remove skin and seeds, extract pulp, boil into paste. Add 1 liang Alum powder, form pills size of wutong seeds. Take 10 pills with rice water (*Shenghui Fang*).
Dry thirst with constipation: Ripe Gualou fruits from Sept/Oct. Extract pulp, mix with dried Kudzu root powder, slow-roast in silver/copper vessel until cooked, powder. Take 2 qian with boiling water after meals and before bed (*Kou Zongshi, Yanyi*).
Persistent hematemesis: 3 qian Gualou (sealed in mud, calcined, powdered). Take with glutinous rice decoction, twice daily (*Shengji Lu*).
Intestinal wind bleeding: One Gualou (burned to ash), 0.5 liang Adzuki beans. Powder. Take 1 qian with wine on empty stomach (*Puji Fang*).
Chronic dysentery with five colors: One large ripe Gualou. Calcined to retain nature, remove fire toxicity, powder. One dose, taken with warm wine. Hu Daqing's servant had dysentery for half a year; healed by a Daoist from Hangzhou using this (*Benshi Fang*).
Rectal prolapse: Fresh Gualou juice, taken warm. Wash hands with pork broth, apply warmth to anus to retract (*Shenghui Fang*).
Pediatric rectal prolapse with white lips, scorched teeth, shiny cheeks, red eyebrows,焦 lips, crying: One yellow Gualou, add 5 qian Alum, seal and calcine, powder. Make pills with flour paste, size of wutong seeds. Take 20 pills with rice water (*Zhaxuan Fang*).
Toothache: Burn Gualou skin and Fengfang (Honeycomb) to ash, rub on teeth. Rinse mouth with decoction of Oyster shell root, Jingchai root, and Scallion root (*Wei Shi, Dexiao Fang*).
Sore throat and swelling, loss of voice: Official formula uses 2.5 qian Gualou skin, Chansao (Stiff Silkworm, stir-fried), Gancao (Licorice, stir-fried). Powder. Take 3.5 qian with ginger water, or wrap 0.5 qian in cotton and hold in mouth. Twice daily. Name: Fasheng San (*Yuyao Yuan Fang*).
Strengthen teeth and blacken beard: One large Gualou (top opened), add 2 liang Qingyan (Green Salt), 21-27 Xingren (peeled). Seal top, bind with earthworm mud and salt, calcine in charcoal fire, powder. Rub teeth three times daily, keep warm. Effective after 100 days. Plucking white hairs and applying medicine grows black hair. Its dental merits are numerous (*Puji Fang*).
Whiten dark face: 3 liang Gualou pulp, 1 liang Xingren, one pig pancreas. Grind into paste. Apply nightly for smooth skin, prevents cracking in winter (*Shengji Lu*).
Retained placenta: One Gualou Shi. Grind seeds finely. Decoct with half bell of wine and half bell of child's urine to 7 fen. Take warm. If no fruit, use root (*Chen Liangfu, Funren Liangfang*).
Insufficient lactation: Wash Gualou seeds, dry, stir-fry until fragrant, spread on tile until white, powder. Take 1 qianbi with wine, lie face down overnight, milk flows (*Chanru Jiyan Fang*).
Early-stage breast abscess: One large ripe Gualou, thoroughly crushed. Decoct in 1 dou white wine to 4 sheng. Strain, take 1 sheng warm, three times daily (*Zimu Milu*).
Initial carbuncles/back boils with slight redness: Powder Gualou, take 1 fangcunbi with well water at dawn (*Meishi Fang*).
Initial inguinal abscess: One yellow Gualou, 5 qian Huanglian (Coptis). Decoct in water. Continuous administration effective (*Li Zhongnan, Yonglei Fang*).
Wind sores, scabies, leprosy: One or two fresh Gualou, crushed. Soak in wine for day and night. Drink hot (*Chen Yan, Qiankun Miyun*).
Hot erysipelas swelling: 2 da liang Gualou seed powder, mix with strong vinegar, apply externally (*Yang Shi, Chanru Jiyan Fang*).
Fingertip involvement, widespread: First take Baidu San, then use this to resolve skin wind-heat. Not more than ten doses needed: Powder Gualou skin. Take 3 qian with burning wine, three times daily (*Jijian Fang*).
Root
[Processing] Tianhuafen.
King Ding of Zhou said: Harvest roots in autumn/winter, remove skin, cut into inches, soak in water, change water daily. After 4-5 days, take out, pound into mud, filter through silk bag, clarify powder, dry in sun.
[Properties and Flavor] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen said: Sweet, slightly bitter, sour, slightly cold.
Xu Zhicai said: Gouqi guides it. Dislikes Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), fears Niuxi (Achyranthes) and Ganqi (Dried Lacquer), opposes Wutou (Aconite).
[Indications] Thirst with body heat, vexation and fullness with severe heat, tonifies deficiency, calms middle, heals severed injuries (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Removes stubborn heat in stomach/intestines, eight types of jaundice with yellow body/face, dry lips/mouth, shortness of breath, stops excessive urination, regulates menstruation (*Mingyi Bielu*).
Back carbuncles, hemorrhoids, sores, discharges pus, generates flesh, resolves contusion blood stasis (Meng Shen).
[Elucidation] Zhen Quan said: Root powder is white and beautiful; highly suitable for those with deficiency-heat.
Zhang Yuansu said: Gualou root is purely yin, resolves thirst, moves fluids. For dryness in the heart, nothing else works. Combined with acrid/sweet herbs, it directs swelling qi.
Cheng Wuji said: Insufficiency of fluids causes thirst. Gualou root is bitter and slightly cold, moistens dryness and circulates fluids, suitable for thirst.
Li Shizhen said: Gualou root is sweet, slightly bitter, sour. Stems/leaves are sour. Sour generates fluids, following the principle of induction, thus stopping thirst and moistening dryness. Slightly bitter descends fire; sweet does not harm stomach. Ancients only mentioned bitter-cold, lacking deep observation.
[Attached Prescriptions] Twelve old, thirteen new.
Thirst and drinking: *Qianjin Fang* powder method: Peel large Gualou root, cut into inches, soak 5 days, change water daily, pound, filter, clarify, dry. Take 1 fangcunbi dissolved in water, three times daily. Can be added to porridge/dairy. *Zhouhou Fang*: Thinly slice and roast 5 liang Gualou root, boil in 5 sheng water to 4 sheng, drink as desired. *Waitai Mi Yao*: Boil 30 jin fresh root in 1 dan water to 1.5 dou. Strain, add 5 he beef fat, boil until water evaporates. Take egg-sized dose with warm wine before meals, three times daily. Best. *Shenghui Fang*: 3 liang Gualou root, 3 liang Huanglian. Powder, honey pills. Take 30 pills, twice daily.
Also Yuhu Wan: Equal parts Gualou root and Renshen (Ginseng). Powder, honey pills. Take 30 pills with Maidong (Ophiopogon) decoction.
Cold damage with vexation/thirst: 3 liang Gualou root. Boil in 5 sheng water to 1 sheng, divide into two doses. First boil 1 sheng Danzhuli (Bamboo Sap) and 2 sheng water...
Lily Disease with thirst: Equal parts Gualou root and Mushi (Oyster Shell, calcined). Powder. Take 1 fangcunbi with water (*Yonglei Fang*).
Black Jaundice critical condition: 1 jin Gualou root, juice 6 he, take in one dose. Yellow fluid follows in urine. If none, repeat (*Yang Qi, Jianbian Fang*).
Pediatric jaundice, yellow skin/flesh/face: Fresh Gualou root juice 2 he, mix with 2 large spoons honey, take warm, once daily (*Jiufang*).
Deficiency-heat cough: 1 liang Tianhuafen, 3 qian Renshen. Powder. Take 1 qian with rice soup (*Jijian Fang*).
Severe unilateral hernia pain, stopped instantly: Wrap scrotum in warm cotton bag. Soak 5 qian Tianhuafen in one bowl of pure wine from Mao to Wu hours, simmer slightly, expose overnight. Next morning, sit on low stool, press knees, drink. Cured. Repeat if ineffective (*Bencao Mengqian*).
Pediatric cyst: 1 liang Tianhuafen, 1.5 qian Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice). Decoct, add wine (*Quanyou Xinjian*).
Sudden ear buzzing: Pointed Gualou root, fried in lard for three boils, insert into ear, cured in three days (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Recent deafness: 30 jin Gualou root, finely cut, boiled like wine-making. Long-term use excellent (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Postpartum mastitis, swollen/hard/painful, mild is Du Ru, severe is Ru Yong: 1 liang Gualou root powder, 1 qian Ruxiang (Frankincense). Powder. Take 2 qian with warm wine (*Li Zhongnan, Yonglei Fang*).
Insufficient lactation: Calcine Gualou root, powder. Take 1 fangcunbi with water, or 5 qian with wine/water decoction (*Yang Shi, Chanru*).
Initial carbuncles/swelling: Meng Shen *Shiliao*: Dry Gualou root with vinegar, sieve, mix with vinegar, apply on paper patch. Yang Wenwei formula: Gualou root...
Blistering wet sores: Equal parts Tianhuafen and Huashi (Talc). Powder, mix with water, apply (*Puji Fang*).
Syphilis blisters: 4 liang Tianhuafen, 4 liang Chuanxiong (Szechwan Lovage), 1 liang Huaihua (Sophora Flower). Powder, rice paste pills. Take 70-80 pills with light ginger water on empty stomach (*Jianbian Fang*).
Fractures/swelling/pain: Pound Gualou root, apply, wrap heavily. Heat removal stops pain (*Ge Hong, Zhouhou Fang*).
Arrowhead stuck: Pound Gualou root, apply, change three times daily, arrow exits spontaneously (*Cui Yuanliang, Haishang Fang*).
Needle stuck in flesh: Same formula.
Post-smallpox eye opacity: Equal parts Tianhuafen and Shed Snake Skin (washed/roasted). Powder. Split sheep liver, insert medicine, cook in rice wash water, slice and eat. Cousin cured after 10+ days (*Zhou Mi,qidong Yeyu*).
Stem, Leaf
[Properties and Flavor] Sour, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Heatstroke from internal heat (*Mingyi Bielu*).