（属风、寒、湿、热、挟痰及血虚、污血）
【风寒风湿】〔草木〕麻黄（风寒、风湿、风热痹痛，发汗。） 羌活（风湿相搏，一身
尽
痛，非此不除。同松节，煮酒，日饮。） 防风（主周身骨节尽痛，乃治风去湿仙药。） 苍
术（散风，除湿，燥痰，解郁，发汗，通治上、中、下湿气。湿气身痛，熬汁作膏，点服。）
桔
梗（寒热风痹，滞气作痛，在上者，宜加之。） 茜根（治骨节痛，燥湿行血。） 紫葳（除
风
热、血滞作痛。） 苍耳子（风湿周痹，四肢拘痛，为末煎服。） 牵牛子（除气分湿热，气
壅
腰脚痛。） 羊踯躅（风湿痹痛走注，同糯米、黑豆，酒、水煎服，取吐利。风痰注痛，同
生
南星捣饼，蒸四五次收之，临时焙丸，温酒下三丸，静卧避风。） 芫花（风湿痰注作痛。） 草
乌头（风湿痰涎，历节走痛不止，入豆腐中煮过，晒研，每服五分，仍外敷痛处。） 乌头 附
子（并燥湿痰，为引经药。） 百灵藤（酒。） 石南藤（酒。） 青藤（酒。并主风湿骨痛
顽痹。）
薏苡仁（久风湿痹，筋急不可屈伸。风湿身痛，日晡甚者，同麻黄、杏仁、甘草煎服。） 豆
豉松节（去筋骨痛，能燥血中之湿。历节风痛，四肢如脱，浸酒日服。） 桂枝（引诸药
横
行手臂。同椒、姜浸酒，絮熨阴痹。） 海桐皮（腰膝注痛，血脉顽痹，同诸药浸酒服。） 五
加皮（风湿骨节挛痛，浸酒服。） 枸杞根及苗（去皮肤骨节间风。子，补肾。） 〔虫兽〕
蚕砂（浸酒。） 蝎梢（肝风。） 蚯蚓（脚风宜用。） 穿山甲（风痹疼痛，引经通窍。） 守
宫
（通经络，入血分。历
蛇
（同上。） 水龟（风湿拘挛，筋骨疼痛，同天花粉、枸杞子、雄黄、麝香、槐花煎服。版，
亦入阴虚骨痛方。） 五灵脂（散血活血，止诸痛，引经有效。） 虎骨（筋骨毒风，走注疼
痛，
胫骨尤良。白虎风痛膝肿，同通草煮服，取汗。同没药末服。风湿痛，同附子末服。头骨，
浸酒饮。）
【风痰湿热】〔草部〕半夏 天南星（并治风痰、湿痰、热痰凝滞，历节走注。右臂湿
痰
作痛，南星、苍术煎服。） 大戟 甘遂（并治湿气化为痰饮，流注胸膈经络，发为上下走
注，
疼痛麻痹。能泄脏腑、经隧之湿。） 大黄（泄脾胃血分之湿热。酥炒煎服，治腰脚风痛，
取
下冷脓恶物，即止。） 威灵仙（治风湿痰饮，为痛风要药，上下皆宜。腰膝积年冷病诸痛，
为末酒下，或丸服，以微利为效。） 黄芩（三焦湿热风热，历节肿痛。） 秦艽（除阳明风
湿、
湿热，养血荣筋。） 龙胆草 木通（煎服。） 防己 木鳖子（并主湿热肿痛，在下加之。）
姜
黄（治风痹臂痛，能入手臂，破血中之滞气。） 红蓝花（活血滞，止痛，瘦人宜之。） 〔菜
果〕白芥子（暴风毒肿，痰饮流入四肢、经络，作痛。） 桃仁（血滞风痹挛痛。） 橘皮（下
滞气，化湿痰。风痰麻木，或手木，或十指麻木，皆是湿痰死血。以一斤去白，逆流水五碗，
煮烂去滓至一碗，顿服取吐，乃吐痰之圣药也。） 槟榔（一切风气，能下行。）〔木石〕枳
壳（风痒麻痹，散痰疏滞。） 黄柏（除下焦湿热痛肿，下体甚者加之。） 茯苓（渗湿热。）
竹
沥（化热痰。） 苏枋木（活血止痛。） 滑石（渗湿热。） 〔禽兽〕羚羊角（入肝平风，
舒筋，
止热毒风，历节掣痛效。） 羊胫骨（除湿热，止腰脚筋骨痛，浸酒服。）
【补虚】〔草部〕当归 芎 芍药 地黄 丹参并养新血，破宿血，止痛。） 牛膝（补
肝肾，逐恶血，治风寒湿痹，膝痛，不可屈伸，能引诸药下行，痛在下者加之。） 石斛（脚
膝冷痛痹弱，酒浸酥蒸，服满一镒，永不骨痛。） 天麻（诸风湿痹不仁，补肝虚，利腰膝。
腰脚痛，同半夏、细辛袋盛，蒸热互熨，汗出则愈。） 萆 狗脊（寒湿膝痛腰背强，补
肝肾。） 土茯苓（治疮毒筋骨痛，去风湿，利关节。） 锁阳（润燥养筋。） 〔谷木〕
罂粟
壳（收敛固气，能入肾，治骨痛尤宜。） 松脂（历节风酸痛，炼净，和酥煎服。） 乳香（补
肾活血，定诸经之痛。） 没药（逐经络滞血，定痛。历节诸风痛不止，同虎胫骨末，酒服。）
【外治】白花菜（敷
风
湿痛。） 芥子（走注风毒痛，同醋涂。） 蓖麻油（入膏，拔风邪
出外。） 鹈鹕油（入膏，引药气入内。） 羊脂（入膏，引药气入内，拔邪出外。） 野驼
脂（摩风痛。） 牛皮胶（同姜汁化，贴骨节痛。）
(Painful obstruction syndrome [Tongfeng] belongs to pathogenic factors of Wind, Cold, Dampness, Heat, as well as complicated by Phlegm turbidity, Blood deficiency, and Stasis.)
[Wind-Cold and Wind-Dampness] [Herbs] Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (Used for Bi pain caused by Wind-Cold, Wind-Dampness, and Wind-Heat; has a sweating-inducing effect.) Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo, 羌活) (Used for Wind-Dampness intermingling, causing whole-body pain; this herb is essential for removal. Decoct with Pinus Massoniana Node [Songjie] in wine, drink daily.) Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, 防风) (Mainly treats whole-body joint pain; it is a miraculous herb for dispelling Wind and removing Dampness.) Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu, 苍术) (Disperses Wind, removes Dampness, dries Phlegm, resolves depression, induces sweating; universally treats Dampness in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao. For body pain due to Dampness, decoct into paste and take point-wise.) Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, 桔梗) (Used for Cold-Wind-Heat Bi pain and Qi stagnation pain; suitable for cases where the pathology is located above.) Rubiae Mollis Radix (Qianqiancao/Qian Gen, 茜根) (Treats joint pain; dries Dampness and promotes Blood circulation.) Royal Bignonia Stem (Ziwei, 紫葳) (Removes Wind-Heat and pain due to Blood stasis.) Xanthii Fructus (Cangerzi, 苍耳子) (Used for generalized Wind-Damp Bi pain and limb spasm/pain; grind into powder and decoct.) Pharbitidis Semen (Qianniuzi, 牵牛子) (Clears Damp-Heat in the Qi level; treats lower back and leg pain due to Qi congestion.) Daphne odora (Yangzhizhu, 羊踯躅) (Used for migrating Wind-Damp Bi pain; decoct with Glutinous Rice [Nuomi] and Black Soybean [Heidou] in wine and water until vomiting or purging occurs. For Wind-Phlegm migrating pain, mix with Aconitum Carmichaelii Dehulled Root [Sheng Nanxing], make into cakes, steam 4-5 times, store, then bake into pills when needed; take 3 pills with warm wine, lie quietly avoiding wind.) Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua, 芫花) (Used for pain from Wind-Dampness and Phlegm migration.) Aconitum Kusnezoffii Radix (Caowutou, 草乌头) (Used for Wind-Dampness and Phlegm-saliva, migrating joint pain that does not stop; boil in tofu, dry, powder; take 0.5 fen each time, and apply externally to the painful area.) Aconitum Lateralis Radix Preparata (Wutou/Fuzi, 乌头/附子) (Both dry Damp-Phlegm and serve as guiding herbs.) Bailing Vine (Bailing Teng, 百灵藤) (Infuse in wine.) Aristolochiae Manshuriensis Radix (Shinanteng, 石南藤) (Infuse in wine.) Sinomenii Caulis (Qingteng, 青藤) (Infuse in wine. All mainly treat stubborn Wind-Damp bone pain and Bi obstruction.) Coicis Semen (Yiyiren, 薏苡仁) (Used for chronic Wind-Damp Bi, tendon stiffness preventing flexion/extension. For body pain due to Wind-Damp worsening in the afternoon, decoct with Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.) Fermented Soybean (Douchi, 豆豉) & Pinus Massoniana Node (Songjie, 松节) (Remove bone/tendon pain, can dry Dampness in Blood. Used for migratory joint Wind pain with limbs feeling detached; infuse in wine and take daily.) Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝) (Guides other herbs to circulate horizontally in the arms. Infuse with Zanthoxyli Pericarpium and Zingiberis Rhizoma in wine, apply hot compress with cotton wadding for Yin Bi.) Peucedani Radix (Haitongpi, 海桐皮) (Used for lower back/knee migrating pain and stubborn blood vessel Bi; infuse with other herbs in wine and take.) Acanthopanacis Cortex (Wujiapi, 五加皮) (Used for Wind-Damp joint spasms/pain; infuse in wine.) Lycii Cortex, Radix and Shoot (Gouqigenji miao, 枸杞根及苗) (Removes Wind between skin and joints. Fruit tonifies Kidney.) [Insects and Beasts] Bombyx Batryticatus (Can Sha, 蚕砂) (Infuse in wine.) Scorpio (Xieshao, 蝎梢) (Used for Liver Wind.) Pheretima (Qiuyin, 蚯蚓) (Suitable for Foot Wind.) Manis Squama (Chuanshanjia, 穿山甲) (Used for Wind-Bi pain, guides meridians and opens orifices.) Geckus (Shougong, 守宫) (Unblocks meridians, enters Blood level. Migratory... Snake (Same as above.) Testudo (Shuigui, 水龟) (Used for Wind-Damp spasms and bone/tendon pain; decoct with Trichosanthis Radix, Lycii Fructus, Realgar, Moschus, and Sophorae Flos. Tortoise Plastron [Ban] is also used in formulas for Yin-deficiency bone pain.) Trogoptori Excrement (Wulingzhi, 五灵脂) (Scatters and invigorates Blood, stops various pains, effective in guiding meridians.) Panthera tigris Bone (Hugu, 虎骨) (Used for toxic Wind in bones/tendons, migrating pain; Tibia is especially good. For White Tiger Wind pain with knee swelling, decoct with Tetrastigma Caulis [Tongcao] to induce sweat. Take with Myrrha powder. For Wind-Damp pain, take with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata powder. Skull bone, infuse in wine.)
[Wind-Phlegm, Damp-Heat] [Grass Category] Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia, 半夏) & Arisaematis Rhizoma (Tiannanxing, 天南星) (Both treat凝滞 [stagnation] of Wind-Phlegm, Damp-Phlegm, and Heat-Phlegm, causing migratory joint pain. For right arm Damp-Phlegm pain, decoct Tiannanxing and Cangzhu.) Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix (Daji, 大戟) & Kansui Radix (Gansui, 甘遂) (Both treat Dampness transforming into Phlegm-fluids, flowing into chest/diaphragm and meridians, causing upper/lower migrating pain and numbness. They can drain Dampness from Zang-Fu organs and meridian tunnels.) Rheum Palmatum Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄) (Drains Damp-Heat from Spleen/Stomach Blood level. Stir-fried with Butter and decocted; treats lower back/leg Wind pain, expels cold pus/foul matter, stop once achieved.) Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma (Weilingxian, 威灵仙) (Treats Wind-Dampness and Phlegm-fluids; it is a key herb for Painful Obstruction, suitable for both upper and lower. For chronic cold ailments/pains in lower back/knees, take powder with wine or pills; mild purgation indicates efficacy.) Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) (Treats Damp-Heat and Wind-Heat in San Jiao, migratory joint swelling/pain.) Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (Qinjiao, 秦艽) (Removes Yangming Wind-Dampness and Damp-Heat, nourishes Blood and benefits tendons.) Gentianae Radix (Longdancao, 龙胆草) & Akebiae Caulis (Mutong, 木通) (Decocted.) Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Fangji, 防己) & Momordicae Semen (Mubiezi, 木鳖子) (Both main indications are Damp-Heat swelling/pain; add if pathology is below.) Curcumae Longae Rhizoma (Jianghuang, 姜黄) (Treats Wind-Bi arm pain; enters arms, breaks Qi stagnation in Blood.) Carthami Flos (Honglanhua, 红蓝花) (Invigorates Blood stasis, stops pain; suitable for thin individuals.) [Vegetables and Fruits] Mustard Seed (Baijiezi, 白芥子) (Sudden wind-toxic swelling, Phlegm-fluids flowing into limbs/meridians causing pain.) Persicae Semen (Taoren, 桃仁) (Blood stasis Wind-Bi spasms/pain.) Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Jupi, 橘皮) (Descends stagnant Qi, transforms Damp-Phlegm. Wind-Phlegm numbness, hand woodiness, or ten fingers numbness are all due to Damp-Phlegm and dead Blood. Take 1 jin peeled peel, boil in counter-current water (5 bowls) until soft, remove dregs to get 1 bowl, take in one dose to induce vomiting; this is the holy medicine for vomiting Phlegm.) Arecae Semen (Binglang, 槟榔) (All types of Wind-Qi, capable of descending.) [Wood and Stone] Aurantii Fructus (Zhike, 枳壳) (Wind-itch and numbness, scatters Phlegm and relieves stagnation.) Phellodendri Cortex (Huangbai, 黄柏) (Removes Damp-Heat swelling/pain in Lower Jiao; add if severe in lower body.) Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) (Leaches out Damp-Heat.) Bamboo Juice (Zhuli, 竹沥) (Transforms Heat-Phlegm.) Sappan Wood (Sufangmu, 苏枋木) (Invigorates Blood, stops pain.) Talcum (Huashi, 滑石) (Leaches out Damp-Heat.) [Birds and Beasts] Antilope Cervicapra Cornu (Lingyangjiao, 羚羊角) (Enters Liver to calm Wind, relaxes tendons, stops Heat-Toxic Wind; effective for migratory joint pulling pain.) Sheep Tibia (Yangjinggu, 羊胫骨) (Removes Damp-Heat, stops lower back/knee bone/tendon pain; infuse in wine.)
[Tonifying Deficiency] [Grass Category] Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui, 当归), Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong, 川芎), Paeoniae Radix Alba/Rubra (Shaoyao, 芍药), Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang, 地黄), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen, 丹参) (All nourish new Blood, break old Blood, stop pain.) Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi, 牛膝) (Tonifies Liver/Kidney, expels evil Blood, treats Wind-Cold-Damp Bi, knee pain with inability to flex/extend; guides other herbs downward; add if pain is in the lower body.) Dendrobii Caulis (Shihu, 石斛) (Cold pain/Bi weakness in feet/knees; infuse in wine, steam with butter; after taking a full yi [unit of weight], bone pain will never recur.) Gastrodiae Rhizoma (Tianma, 天麻) (Treats various Wind-Damp Bi with insensitivity, tonifies Liver deficiency, benefits waist/knees. For waist/leg pain, mix with Pinelliae Rhizoma and Asari Radix, place in bag, steam hot and apply mutually; recovery occurs with sweating.) Dioscoreae Hypoglauca Rhizoma (Bixie, 萆薢) & Cibotii Rhizoma (Gouji, 狗脊) (Treats Cold-Damp knee pain and stiff back; tonifies Liver/Kidney.) Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (Tufuling, 土茯苓) (Treats toxin sores/bone-tendon pain, removes Wind-Damp, benefits joints.) Cynomorii Herba (Suoyang, 锁阳) (Moistens dryness, nourishes tendons.) [Grains and Woods] Papaveris Capsula (Yangsuke, 罂粟壳) (Astringes and secures Qi, enters Kidney; especially suitable for bone pain.) Pinus Resin (Songzhi, 松脂) (For migratory joint soreness/pain; refine clean, mix with butter and decoct.) Boswelliae Resina (Ruxiang, 乳香) (Tonifies Kidney, invigorates Blood, stabilizes pain in all meridians.) Myrrha (Moyao, 没药) (Expels stagnant Blood in meridians, stops pain. For unremitting migratory joint Wind pain, take with Panthera tigris Tibia powder in wine.)
[External Treatment] Calystegia hederacea (Baihuacai, 白花菜) (Apply for Wind-Damp pain.) Mustard Seed (Jiezi, 芥子) (For migrating wind-toxic pain; mix with vinegar and apply.) Castoris Oil (Bimayou, 蓖麻油) (Add to plasters to draw Wind pathogens outward.) Pelican Oil (Tihu oil, 鹈鹕油) (Add to plasters to guide medicinal qi inward.) Sheep Fat (Yangzhi, 羊脂) (Add to plasters to guide medicinal qi inward, draw pathogens outward.) Wild Camel Fat (Yetuo zhi, 野驼脂) (Rub for Wind pain.) Ox Hide Gelatin (Niujiaojiao, 牛皮胶) (Dissolve with Ginger Juice, apply to joint pain.)