（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶东方朔《十洲记》云∶夜行海中，拨之有火星者，咸水也。色既碧，
故曰碧海。
时珍曰∶海乃百川之会。天地四方，皆海水相通，而地在其中。其味咸，其色黑，水行
之正也。
【气味】咸，小温，有小毒。
【主治】煮浴，去风瘙疥癣。饮一合，吐下宿食胪胀（藏器）。
（《拾遗》）
【释名】卤水。藏器曰∶此乃盐初熟，槽中沥下黑汁也。时珍曰∶盐下沥水，则味苦
不堪食。今人用此水，收豆腐。独孤滔云∶盐胆煮四黄，焊物。
【气味】咸，苦，有大毒。
【主治】 蚀疥癣， 疾虫咬，及马牛为虫蚀，毒虫入肉生子。六畜饮一合，当时死
，人亦然。凡疮有血者，不可涂之（藏器）。痰厥不省，灌之取吐，良（时珍）。
（《纲目》）
【气味】甘、咸，平，无毒。
【主治】下膈，疏痰，止吐（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶阿井在今兖州阳谷县，即古东阿县也。沈括《笔谈》云∶古说济水伏
流地中，今历下凡发地下皆是流水。东阿亦济水所经，取井水煮胶谓之阿胶。其性趣下，清
而且重，用搅浊水则清，故以治淤浊及逆上之痰也。又青州范公泉，亦济水所注，其水用造
白丸子，利膈化痰。《管子》云∶齐之水，其泉青白，其人坚劲，寡有疥瘙，终无 酲。
水性之不同如此。陆羽烹茶，辨天下之水性美恶，烹药者反不知辨此，岂不戾哉！
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
【Jijie (Collected Explanations)】 Chen Cangqi said: Dongfang Shuo, in his *Shizhou Ji* [Record of the Ten Continents], stated that when walking at night in the sea, if stirring the water produces sparks resembling fireflies, it is saltwater. Because its color is jade-green, it is called "Bi Hai" [Jade Sea].
Li Shizhen said: The ocean is the convergence of all rivers. The waters of heaven and earth in all directions are interconnected, with the land situated within them. Its taste is salty, its color is black; this represents the normal course of water's movement.
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
【Shiming (Explanation of Names)】 Lu Shui [Brine]. Chen Cangqi said: This is the dark liquid drained from the vat when salt is first fully refined. Li Shizhen said: The water drained from salt is bitter and astringent, making it inedible. Nowadays, people use this water to coagulate tofu. Dugu Tao said: Yan Dan Shui [Salt Gall Water] can be used to boil "Si Huang" [Four Yellows, likely referring to specific herbs or pigments] and for soldering objects.
【Qiwei (Flavor and Properties)】 Salty and bitter, possessing great toxicity.
【Zhuzhi (Indications)】 It corrodes scabies and tinea; treats insect bites, as well as infestations in horses and cattle where insects burrow into the flesh and lay eggs. If livestock drink one he [a unit of volume], they will die immediately; humans are subject to the same effect. For any sore that involves bleeding, it must not be applied externally (Chen Cangqi). For Tan Jue [Phlegm-Jue syndrome characterized by sudden loss of consciousness due to phlegm obstruction], administering it internally to induce vomiting yields good results (Li Shizhen).
(From *Bencao Gangmu* [Compendium of Materia Medica])
【Qiwei (Flavor and Properties)】 Sweet and salty, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
【Zhuzhi (Indications)】 It unblocks the diaphragm, disperses phlegm, and stops vomiting (Li Shizhen).
【Faming (Elucidation and Investigation)】 Li Shizhen said: A Jing [A Well] is located in Yanggu County, Yanzhou Prefecture, which corresponds to ancient Dong'e County. Shen Kuo, in his *Mengxi Bitan* [Dream Pool Essays], stated: Ancient texts claim the Ji River flows underground as a subterranean stream; today, in Lixia [modern Jinan], digging anywhere underground reveals flowing water. Dong'e is also traversed by the Ji River. Taking well water there to boil gelatin produces E'jiao [Donkey-Hide Gelatin]. Its nature tends downward; it is clear and heavy. When used to stir turbid water, it clarifies it; thus, it is used to treat stasis-turbidity and rebellious phlegm ascending upward. Furthermore, the Fanggong Spring in Qingzhou is also fed by the Ji River; its water is used to manufacture Bai Wanzi [White Pills], which benefit the diaphragm and resolve phlegm. The *Guanzi* states: In Qi, the spring water is blue-white, and the people are robust and vigorous, rarely suffering from scabies and itching, and never experiencing post-drinking headache [Cheng Tou Tong]. Thus, the differences in water properties are so significant. Lu Yu, when brewing tea, distinguished the merits and flaws of water sources worldwide, yet those preparing medicines fail to distinguish these qualities; is this not contrary to reason!