（《本经》中品）
【释名】黄金石（《本经》）、石黄（《唐本》）、熏黄。
普曰∶雄黄生山之阳，是丹之雄，所以名雄黄也。
恭曰∶出石门者，名石黄，亦是雄
黄，而通名黄金石，石门者为劣尔。恶者，名熏黄，只用熏疮疥，故名之。
藏器曰∶今人敲取石黄中精明者，为雄黄；外黑者，为熏黄。雄黄烧之不臭，熏黄烧之
则臭，以此分别。
权曰∶雄黄，金之苗也。故南方近金坑冶处时有之，但不及西来者真好尔。
宗 曰∶非金苗也。有金窟处无雄黄。时珍曰∶雄黄入点化黄金用，故名黄金石，非金
苗也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶雄黄生武都山谷、敦煌山之阳，采无时。
弘景曰∶武都，氐羌也，是为仇池。宕昌亦有之，小劣。敦煌在凉州西数千里，近来纷
扰，皆用石门、始兴石黄之好者耳。凉州黄，好者作鸡冠色，不臭而坚实。其黯黑及虚软者，
不好也。恭曰∶宕昌、武都者为佳，块方数寸，明澈如鸡冠，或以为枕，服之辟恶。其青黑
坚者，不入药用。贞观年中，以宕州新出有得方数尺者，但重脆不可全致之耳。
禹锡曰∶《水经注》云∶黄水出零陵县，西北连巫山，溪出雄黄，颇有神异。常以冬月
祭祀，凿石深数丈，方采得之，故溪水取名焉。又《抱朴子》云∶雄黄当得武都山中出者，
纯而无杂，其赤如鸡冠，光明晔晔者，乃可用。其但纯黄似雌黄色无光者，不任作仙药，可
合理病药耳。
颂曰∶今阶州即古武都山中有之。形块如丹砂，明澈不夹石，其色如鸡冠者真。有青黑
色而坚者名熏黄；有形色似真而气臭者，名臭黄，并不入服食，只可疗疮疥。其臭，以醋洗
之便去，足以乱真，尤宜辨。又阶州接西戎界，出一种水窟雄黄，生于山岩中有水流处。其
石名青烟石、白鲜石。雄黄出其中，其块大者如胡桃，小者如粟豆，上有孔窍，其色深红而
微紫，体极轻虚而功用更胜，丹灶家尤贵重之。
时珍曰∶武都水窟雄黄，北人以充丹砂，但研细色带黄耳。《丹房镜源》云∶雄黄千年
化为黄金。武都者上，西番次之。铁色者上，鸡冠次之。以沉水银脚铁末上拭了，旋有黄衣
生者为真。一云∶验之可以 虫死者为真，细嚼口中含汤不臭辣者次之。
曰∶凡使，勿用臭黄（气臭），黑鸡黄（色如乌鸡头），夹腻黄（一重黄，一重石），
并不堪用。真雄黄，似鹧鸪鸟肝色者，为上。
【修治】 曰∶每雄黄三两，以甘草、紫背天葵、地胆、碧棱花各五两，细锉，东流水
入坩锅中，煮三伏时，漉出，捣如粉，水飞澄去黑者，晒干再研用。其内有劫铁石，又号赴
矢黄，能劫于铁，并不入药用。
思邈曰∶凡服食用武都雄黄，须油煎九日九夜，乃可入药；不尔有毒，慎勿生用。
时珍曰∶一法∶用米醋入萝卜汁，煮干用，良。
《抱朴子》曰∶饵法∶或以蒸煮，或以硝石化为水，或以猪脂裹蒸之于赤土下，或以松
脂和之，或以三物炼之，引之如布，白如冰。服之令人长生，除百病，杀三虫。伏火者，可
点铜成金，变银成金。
【气味】苦，平、寒，有毒。
《别录》曰∶甘，大温。
权曰∶辛，有大毒。大明曰∶微毒。
土宿真君曰∶南星、地黄、莴苣、五加皮、紫河车、地榆、五叶藤、黄芩、白芷、当归、
地锦、鹅肠草、鸡肠草、苦参、鹅不食草、圆桑、 脂，皆可制雄黄。
【主治】寒热，鼠 恶疮，疽痔死肌，杀精物恶鬼邪气百虫毒，胜五兵。炼食之，轻身
神仙（《本经》）。疗疥虫 疮，目痛，鼻中息肉，及绝筋破骨，百节中大风，积聚癖气，中
恶腹痛鬼疰，杀诸蛇虺毒，解藜芦毒，悦泽人面。饵服之者，皆飞入脑中，胜鬼神，延年益
寿，保中不饥。得铜可作金（《别录》）。主疥癣风邪，癫痫岚瘴，一切虫兽伤（大明）。搜肝
气，泻肝风，消涎积（好古）。治疟疾寒热，伏暑泄痢，酒饮成癖，惊痫，头风眩晕，化腹
中瘀血，杀劳虫疳虫（时珍）。
【发明】权曰∶雄黄能杀百毒，辟百邪，杀蛊毒。人佩之，鬼神不敢近；入山林，虎野狼
伏；涉川水，毒物不敢伤。《抱朴子》曰∶带雄黄入山林，即不畏蛇。若蛇中人，以少许敷
之，登时愈。吴楚之地，暑湿郁蒸，多毒虫及射工、沙虱之类，但以雄黄、大蒜等分，合捣
一丸佩之。或已中者，涂之亦良。
宗 曰∶焚之，蛇皆远去。治蛇咬方，见五灵脂下。《唐书》云∶甄立言究习方书，为
太常丞。有尼年六十余，患心腹鼓胀，身体羸瘦，已二年。立言诊之，曰∶腹内有虫，当是
误食发而然。令饵雄黄一剂，须臾吐出一蛇，如拇指，无目，烧之犹有发气，乃愈。又《明
皇杂录》云∶有黄门奉使交广回。太医周顾曰∶此人腹中有蛟龙。上惊问黄门有疾否？曰∶
臣驰马大庾岭，热困且渴，遂饮涧水，觉腹中坚痞如石。周遂以硝石、雄黄煮服之。立吐一
物，长数寸，大如指，视之鳞甲皆具。此皆杀蛊毒之验也。
颂曰∶雄黄治疮疡尚矣。《周礼》∶疡医，疗疡，以五毒攻之。郑康成注云∶今医方有五
毒之药，作之，合黄 ，置石胆、丹砂、雄黄、 石、磁石其中，烧之三日三夜，其烟上着，
鸡羽扫取以注疮，恶肉破骨则尽出也。《杨亿笔记》载∶杨 少时，有疡生于颊，连齿辅车，
外肿若覆瓯，内溃出脓血，痛楚难忍，百疗弥年不瘥。人令依郑法烧药注之，少顷，朽骨连
牙溃出，遂愈，信古方攻病之速也。黄 音武，即今有盖瓦合也。
时珍曰∶五毒药，《范汪东阳方》变为飞黄散，治缓疽恶疮，蚀恶肉。其法取瓦盆一个，
安雌黄于中，丹砂居南，磁石居北，曾青居东，白石英居西， 石居上，石膏次之，钟乳居
下，雄黄覆之，云母布于下，各二两末。
以一盆盖之，羊毛泥固济，作三隅灶，以陈苇烧一日，取其飞黄用之。夫雄黄乃治疮杀
毒要药也。而入肝经气分，故肝风肝气、惊痫痰涎、头痛眩晕、暑疟泄痢、积聚诸病，用之
有殊功。
又能化血为水。而方士乃炼治服饵，神异其说，被其毒者多矣。按洪迈《夷坚志》云∶
虞雍公允文感暑痢，连月不瘥。忽梦至一处，见一人如仙官，延之坐。壁间有药方，其辞云∶
暑毒在脾，湿气连脚；不泄则痢，不痢则疟。独炼雄黄，蒸饼和药；别作治疗，医家大错。
公依方，用雄黄水飞九度，竹筒盛，蒸七次，研末，蒸饼和丸梧子大。每甘草汤下七丸，日
三服，果愈。《太平广记》载成都刘无名服雄黄长生之说，方士言尔，不可信。
【附方】旧十四，新三十八。猝中邪魔∶雄黄末，吹鼻中。（《集验方》）
鬼击成病，血漏腹中，烦满欲绝∶雄黄粉酒服一刀圭，日三服，化血为水也。（孙真人
《千金方》）
辟禳魇魔∶以雄黄带头上，或以枣许系左腋下，终身不魇。（张文仲方）
家有邪气∶用真雄黄三钱，水一碗，以东南桃枝咒洒满屋，则绝迹。勿令妇女见知。（《集
简方》）
女人病邪，女人与邪物交通，独言独笑，悲思恍惚者。雄黄一两，松脂二两，溶化，以
虎爪搅之，丸如弹子。夜烧于笼中，令女坐其上，以被蒙之，露头在外，不过三剂自断。仍
以雄黄、人参、防风、五味子等分为末，每旦井水服方寸匕，取愈。（《肘后方》）
小丹服法∶雄黄、柏子仁各二斤，松脂（炼过）十斤。合捣为丸。每旦北向服五丸。
百日后，拘魂制魄，与神人交见。（《太上玄变经》）
转女为男，妇人觉有妊。
以雄黄一两，绛囊盛之，养胎转女成男，取阳精之全于地产也。（《千金方》）
小儿诸痫∶雄黄、朱砂等分。为末。每服一钱，猪心血入齑水调下。（《直指方》）
骨蒸发热∶雄黄末一两，入小便一升，研如粉。乃取黄理石一枚（方圆一尺者），炭火
烧之三食顷，浓淋汁于石上。置薄毡于上，患人脱衣坐之，衣被围住，勿令泄气，三、五度
瘥。（《外台秘要》）
伤寒咳逆，服药无效∶雄黄二钱。酒一盏，煎七分，乘热嗅其气，即止。（《活人》书）
伤寒狐惑，虫蚀下部，痛痒不止∶雄黄半两，烧于瓶中，熏其下部。（《圣惠方》）
偏头风病∶至灵散∶用雄黄、细辛等分。为末。每以一字吹鼻，左痛吹右，右痛吹左。
（《博济方》）
五尸注病，发则痛变无常，昏恍沉重，缠结脏腑，上冲心胁，即身中尸鬼接引为害也。
雄黄、大蒜各一两，杵丸弹子大。每热酒服一丸。（《肘后方》）
腹胁痞块∶雄黄一两，白矾一两，为末，面糊调膏摊贴，即见功效。未效，再贴，待大
便数百斤之状乃愈，秘方也。（《集玄方》）
胁下 癖及伤饮食∶煮黄丸∶用雄黄一两，巴豆五钱。
同研，入白面二两，滴水为丸梧子大。每服二十四丸，浆水煮三十沸，入冷浆水沉冷吞
下，以利为度，如神。（《保命集》）
饮酒成癖∶酒症丸∶治饮酒过度，头旋恶心呕吐，及酒积停于胃间，遇饮即吐，久而成
癖。雄黄（皂角子大）六个，巴豆（连皮油）十五个，蝎梢十五个。同研，入白面五两半，
滴水
丸豌豆大，将干，入麸内炒香。将一粒放水试之，浮则取起收之。每服二丸，温酒下。（《和
剂局方》）
发症饮油，有饮油五升以来方快者，不尔则病，此是发入于胃，气血裹之，化为虫也。
雄黄半两为末，水调服之，虫自出。（夏子益《奇疾方》）
症瘕积聚，去三尸，益气延年却老。雄黄二两为末，水飞九度，入新竹筒内，以蒸饼一
块塞口，蒸七度，用好粉脂一两，和丸绿豆大。每服七丸，酒下，日三服。（《千金方》）
小腹痛满，不得小便∶雄黄末，蜜丸，塞阴孔中。（《伤寒类要》）
阴肿如斗，痛不可忍∶雄黄、矾石各二两，甘草一尺。水五升，煮二升，浸之。（《肘
后方》）
中饮食毒∶雄黄、青黛等分。为末。每服二钱，新汲水下。（邓笔峰方）
虫毒蛊毒∶雄黄、生矾等分。端午日研化，蜡丸梧子大。每服七丸，念药王菩萨七遍，
熟水下。（苏东坡《良方》）
结阴便血∶雄黄不拘多少，入枣内，线系定，煎汤。用铅一两化汁，倾入汤内同煮，自
早至晚，不住添沸汤，取出为末，共枣杵和丸梧子大。每服三十丸，煎黑铅汤空心下，只三
服止。（《普济方》）
暑毒泄痢∶方见发明下。中风舌强∶正舌散∶用雄黄、荆芥穗等分。为末。豆淋酒服二
钱。（《卫生宝鉴》）
破伤中风∶雄黄、白芷等分。为末。酒煎灌之，即苏。（邵真人《经验方》）
疯狗咬伤∶雄黄五钱，麝香二钱。为末。酒下，作二服。（《救急良方》）
百虫入耳∶雄黄烧捻熏之，自出。（《十便良方》）
马汗入疮∶雄黄、白矾各一钱，乌梅三个，巴豆一个。合研。以油调半钱，敷之，良。
（《经验方》）
蜘蛛伤人∶雄黄末，敷之。（《朝野佥载》）
金疮内漏∶雄黄末豆大，纳之。仍以小便服五钱，血皆化为水。（《肘后方》）
杖疮肿痛∶雄黄二分，密陀僧一分。研末。水调敷之，极妙。（《救急方》）
中药箭毒∶雄黄末敷之，沸汁出愈。（《外台秘要》）
解藜芦毒∶水服雄黄末一钱。（《外台》）
小儿痘疔∶雄黄一钱，紫草三钱。为末。胭脂汁调，先以银簪挑破，搽之，极妙。（《痘
疹证治》）
白秃头疮∶雄黄、猪胆汁和，敷之。（《圣济录》）
眉毛脱落∶雄黄末一两。醋和涂之。（《圣济录》）
筋肉化虫，有虫如蟹走于皮下，作声如小儿啼，为筋肉之化。雄黄、雷丸各一两，为末。
掺猪肉上炙熟，吃尽自安。（夏氏《奇疾方》）
风痒如虫∶成炼雄黄、松脂等分。研末，蜜丸梧子大。每饮下十丸，日三服，百日愈。
忌酒肉盐豉。（《千金方》）
疔疮恶毒∶《千金方》∶刺四边及中心，以雄黄末敷之，神验。《积德堂方》∶用雄黄、蟾
酥各五分。为末，葱、蜜捣丸小米大。以针刺破疮顶，插入，甚妙。
广东恶疮∶雄黄一钱半，杏仁三十粒（去皮），轻粉一钱。为末。洗净，以雄猪胆汁调
上，二、三日即愈。百发百中，天下第一方，出武定侯府内。（《积德堂方》）
蛇缠恶疮∶雄黄末，醋调敷之。（《普济方》）
缠喉风痹∶雄黄，磨新汲水一盏服，取吐、下愈。（《续十全方》）
风热头痛∶用雄黄、干姜各等分。为末。 鼻，左痛 右，右痛 左。
牙齿虫痛∶雄黄末，和枣肉丸，塞孔中。（《类要》）
走马牙疳，臭烂出血∶雄黄（豆大）七粒。每粒以淮枣（去核）包之，铁线串，于灯上
烧化为末。每以少许掺之，去涎，以愈为度。（《全幼心鉴》）
小儿牙疳∶雄黄一钱，铜绿二钱。为末贴之。（陈氏《小儿方》）
疳虫蚀齿∶雄黄、葶苈等分。研末。腊猪胆和，以槐枝点之。（《金匮方》）
耳出臭脓∶雄黄、雌黄、硫黄等分。为末，吹之。（《圣济方》）
疮日久∶雄黄二钱，陈艾五钱。青布卷作大捻，烧烟熏之，热水流出，数次愈。（笔
峰《杂兴》）
(Shangpin, Middle Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**Names:** Huangjingshi (Gold Stone, from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Shihuang (Stone Yellow, from *Tang Bencao*), Xunhuang.
Tao Hongjing stated: Xionghuang grows on the sunny side of mountains; it is the male counterpart of Zhusha (Cinnabar), hence named Xionghuang.
Su Gong stated: Those produced in Shimen are called Shihuang; they are also Xionghuang, generally known as Huangjingshi, but those from Shimen are of inferior quality. The poor quality ones are called Xunhuang; they are only used to fumigate tinea and scabies, hence the name.
Chen Cangqi stated: Nowadays, people crush Shihuang and select the bright, clear parts as Xionghuang; the black outer parts are used as Xunhuang. Xionghuang does not smell when burned, whereas Xunhuang emits an odor when burned; this distinguishes them.
Li Dangzhi stated: Xionghuang is the sprout of gold. Therefore, it is often found near gold mines and smelting sites in the south, though it is not as good as that coming from the west.
Lei Xiao stated: It is not the sprout of gold. Where there are gold caves, there is no Xionghuang. Li Shizhen stated: Xionghuang is used to transmute into gold, hence named Huangjingshi; it is not the sprout of gold.
**Collection and Analysis:** *Bielu* stated: Xionghuang grows in the valleys of Wudu and on the sunny slopes of Dunhuang Mountain; it can be harvested at any time.
Tao Hongjing stated: Wudu is inhabited by Di and Qiang tribes, also known as Qiuchi Mountain. Dangchang also produces it, but of slightly inferior quality. Dunhuang is thousands of li west of Liangzhou; due to recent turmoil, people use the high-quality Shihuang from Shimen and Shixing. The yellow from Liangzhou, if good, is chicken-comb red, odorless, and solid. Those that are dark black or spongy are not good.
Su Gong stated: Those from Dangchang and Wudu are the best; they are block-shaped, a few inches square, clear like chicken comb color. Some make pillows from them; taking them internally wards off evil. Those that are green-black and hard are not used medicinally. In the Zhenguan era, large pieces several feet long were newly discovered in Dangzhou, but they were heavy and brittle, making them difficult to extract intact.
Yuxi stated: *Shuijing Zhu* records: Huangshui originates from Lingling County, flowing northwest through Wushan; the stream produces Xionghuang, which is quite miraculous. Sacrifices are usually held in winter; rocks are dug deep for several zhang before it can be mined, hence the stream's name. Also, *Baopuzi* states: Xionghuang should be obtained from Wudu Mountain, pure without impurities, red like a chicken comb, and shining brightly, which can be used. Those that are purely yellow like Cihuang (Realgar's female counterpart) and lack luster cannot be used for immortal elixirs but can treat diseases.
Su Song stated: It is now produced in Jiezhou, i.e., ancient Wudu Mountain. The blocks resemble Zhusha (Cinnabar), clear without stone admixture, and those with chicken-comb color are authentic. Those that are green-black and hard are named Xunhuang; those resembling the authentic form but smelling foul are named Chouhuang; neither is used for internal consumption, only for treating sores and scabies. Their odor can be removed by washing with vinegar, enough to deceive the eye, so distinction is crucial. Additionally, Jiezhou borders the Western Regions and produces a type of "water-cave" Xionghuang, growing where water flows in mountain rocks. The rock is named Qingyan Shi (Green Smoke Stone) and Baixian Shi (White Fresh Stone). Xionghuang emerges from them; large pieces are like walnuts, small like millet grains, with pores on top, deep red with a slight purple tint, extremely light and spongy in texture, yet more potent. Alchemists highly value it.
Li Shizhen stated: Water-cave Xionghuang from Wudu is used by northerners to pass off as Zhusha (Cinnabar), merely because the powder has a yellowish hue. *Danfang Jingyuan* states: Xionghuang transforms into gold after a thousand years. Wudu origin is superior, Western Tibetan is secondary. Iron-colored is superior, chicken-comb colored is secondary. If rubbed with iron filings mixed with mercury, and a yellow film immediately forms, it is authentic. Another method: if it kills insects, it is authentic; if chewed finely and held in the mouth with soup without a foul or spicy taste, it is second rate.
Kou Zongshi stated: When using, do not use Chouhuang (foul-smelling), Heijihuang (black like a black chicken's head), or Jiani Huang (layered yellow and stone); none are usable. Authentic Xionghuang, resembling the liver color of a partridge, is superior.
**Processing:** Lei Xiao stated: For every 3 liang of Xionghuang, mix with 5 liang each of Gancao (Licorice Root), Zi Bei Tiankui (Ophiopogon japonicus var. spathulatus), Dichen (Euphorbia pekinensis), and Bilinghua (Flower of Eclipta prostrata), finely chopped. Add running water from the east, place in a crucible, and boil for three "Fu" periods (the hottest days of summer). Remove, pound into powder, wash with water to remove black impurities, dry, and grind again for use. Those containing "Jie Tie Shi" (Iron-Plundering Stone), also called Fushi Huang, can corrode iron and are not used medicinally.
Sun Simiao stated: Whenever Wu Du Xionghuang is taken internally or used in food, it must be fried in oil for nine days and nights before entering medicine; otherwise, it is toxic. Do not use raw.
Li Shizhen stated: One method: Boil with rice vinegar and radish juice until dry; this is excellent.
*Baopuzi* stated: Administration methods: Some steam or boil it; some dissolve it with Xiaoshi (Saltpeter) into water; some wrap it in pig fat and steam over red earth; some mix it with Songzhi (Pine Resin); some refine it with three substances, pulling it out like cloth, white as ice. Taking it grants longevity, cures hundred diseases, and kills the Three Worms. Fixed-fire processed Xionghuang can transmute copper into gold and silver into gold.
**Flavor and Toxicity:** Bitter, neutral/cold, toxic.
*Bielu* stated: Sweet, very warm.
Li Dangzhi stated: Acrid, highly toxic.
Meng Shen stated: Slightly toxic.
Tusuxhenjun stated: Nanxing (Arisaema erubescens), Dihuang (Rehmannia glutinosa), Woju (Lactuca sativa), Wujia Pi (Acanthopanacis Cortex), Ziheche (Placenta), Diyü (Sanguisorba officinalis), Wuyeteng (Trachelospermum jasminoides), Huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis), Baizhi (Angelica dahurica), Danggui (Angelica sinensis), Dijin (Polygonum aviculare), Echangcao (Veronicastrum sibiricum), Jichangcao (Veronicastrum sibiricum), Kushen (Sophora flavescens), Ebushicao (Gnaphalium affine), Yuansang (Morus alba), Huluba (Trigonella foenum-graecum) can all moderate the toxicity of Xionghuang.
**Indications:** Chills and fever, scrofula and malignant sores, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, and necrotic tissue; kills spirits, evil ghosts, qi, and hundred insect poisons; withstands five weapons. Refined and ingested, it lightens the body and leads to immortality (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats scabies caused by mites, eye pain, nasal polyps, severed tendons, broken bones, severe wind in all joints, accumulations and masses, abdominal pain from evil qi and ghost attacks, kills snake and viper venom, resolves Lulu (Veratrum) toxicity, and beautifies the face. Those who take it say it flies into the brain, surpasses ghosts and gods, extends life and health, and preserves the center against hunger. Obtaining copper allows one to make gold (*Bielu*). Mainly treats scabies, tinea, wind pathogens, epilepsy, malaria-like fevers, and all insect/animal bites (*Meng Shen*). Explores Liver qi, drains Liver wind, eliminates phlegm accumulations (*Kou Zongshi*). Treats malaria chills and fever, latent summerheat diarrhea and dysentery, alcohol addiction, convulsions, headache and vertigo, transforms blood stasis in the abdomen, kills wasting worms and childhood malnutrition worms (*Li Shizhen*).
**Elucidation:** Li Dangzhi stated: Xionghuang can kill hundred poisons, ward off hundred evils, and kill Gu poison. People who wear it are not approached by ghosts and gods; entering forests, tigers and wolves lie low; crossing rivers, poisonous creatures dare not harm. *Baopuzi* states: Carrying Xionghuang into forests eliminates fear of snakes. If bitten by a snake, applying a little heals it immediately. In the Wu and Chu regions, where summer heat and dampness stagnate, there are many poisonous insects like Shegong (Arrow Bugs) and Shali (Leeches). Mix equal parts Xionghuang and Da Suan (Garlic), pound into a pill, and wear it. If already bitten, applying it is also good.
Lei Xiao stated: Burning it drives snakes far away. For snakebite prescriptions, see under Wulingzhi (Trogopterus Dung). *Book of Tang* records: Zhen Liyan studied medical formulas extensively and served as Taichang Cheng. A nun over sixty suffered from abdominal distension and emaciation for two years. Zhen diagnosed: "There are worms in the abdomen, likely caused by ingesting hair." He prescribed one dose of Xionghuang. Soon, she vomited a snake, thumb-sized, eyeless, which still smelled of hair when burned; she recovered. Also, *Records of Emperor Minghuang* notes: An eunuch returned from a mission to Jiaoguang. Imperial Physician Zhou Gu said: "This man has a dragon-jiao in his abdomen." The Emperor asked if he was ill. The eunuch replied: "While riding over Dayu Ridge, I was hot and thirsty, drank stream water, and felt a hard lump in my abdomen like stone." Zhou boiled Xishi (Niter) and Xionghuang for him to drink. He immediately vomited an object, several inches long, finger-thick, with scales and armor visible. These are proofs of killing Gu poison.
Su Song stated: Xionghuang's use for sores is ancient. *Rites of Zhou*: Surgeons treat sores using Five Poisons to attack them. Zheng Kangcheng annotated: Current medical formulas have Five Poison medicines. Made by combining Huangdan (Lead Oxide), placing Shidan (Realgar? Note: Text says Shidan usually Cinnabar, but context implies minerals), Zhusha (Cinnabar), Xionghuang (Realgar), Kongqing (Azurite), and Ci Shi (Magnetite) inside, burning for three days and nights. The smoke deposits on the surface; sweep with a chicken feather and apply to the sore; bad flesh and broken bone will all come out. *Yang Yi's Notes* records: When young, Yang Yi had a sore on his cheek extending to the teeth and jaw, swelling externally like an inverted bowl, ulcerating internally with pus and blood, unbearable pain, unhealed after a year of treatments. Someone advised him to burn medicine per Zheng's method and apply it. Soon, rotten bone and tooth came out, and he healed, proving the speed of ancient formulas. Huangdan sounds like Wu, referring to covered tiles/pots.
Li Shizhen stated: The Five Poison medicine became Feihuang San (Flying Yellow Powder) in *Fan Wang Dongyang Fang*, treating slow carbuncles and malignant sores, eroding bad flesh. The method: Take one clay pot, place Cihuang (Orpiment) in the center, Zhusha (Cinnabar) in the South, Ci Shi (Magnetite) in the North, Zengqing (Azurite) in the East, Bai Shiying (Quartz) in the West, Kongqing (Azurite) on top, Gypsum next, Zhongru (Stalactite) below, cover with Xionghuang (Realgar), and line the bottom with Yunmu (Mica). Each 2 liang powdered. Cover with another pot, seal with wool mud, build a three-cornered stove, burn with old reeds for one day, and collect the Flying Yellow. Xionghuang is a key herb for treating sores and killing toxins. Entering the Liver meridian Qi level, it has special efficacy for Liver wind/qi, convulsions, phlegm, headache/vertigo, summerheat malaria/diarrhea, and accumulations. It can also transform blood into water. However, alchemists refined and ingested it, mystifying its effects, causing many poisonings. According to Hong Mai's *Yijian Zhi*: Yu Yonggong (Yu Yunwen) suffered from summerheat dysentery for months without relief. He dreamed of a place where a fairy-like official invited him to sit. A prescription on the wall read: "Summerheat toxin in spleen, dampness connects to feet; if not diarrhea, then dysentery; if not dysentery, then malaria. Refine Xionghuang alone, mix with steamed dough pills; other treatments are major errors by physicians." Yu followed the prescription: washed Xionghuang nine times with water, stored in bamboo tube, steamed seven times, powdered, mixed with steamed dough into pills size of wuizi (wu berry). Taken with Licorice decoction, 7 pills each time, three times daily; he recovered. *Taiping Guangji* records Liu Wuming of Chengdu taking Xionghuang for longevity; this is alchemist talk, not credible.
**Attached Prescriptions:** 14 old, 38 new.
Sudden possession by evil spirits: Xionghuang powder, insufflated into nose. (*Ji Yan Fang*)
Ghost strike illness, blood leaking into abdomen, fullness and suffocation about to end: Xionghuang powder taken with wine, one Dao Gui dose, three times daily, transforming blood into water. (Sun Simiao, *Qian Jin Fang*)
Warding off nightmares: Wear Xionghuang on the head, or tie a date-sized piece under the left armpit; lifelong immunity from nightmares. (Zhang Wenzhong Formula)
Evil qi in the home: Use 3 qian authentic Xionghuang, 1 bowl water, sprinkle whole house with咒 (incantated) southeast peach branch water; evil traces vanish. Do not let women know. (*Ji Jian Fang*)
Women's illness from evil spirit, intercourse with evil entity, talking/laughing alone, sad and trance-like: 1 liang Xionghuang, 2 liang Songzhi (Pine Resin), melt, stir with tiger claw, pill size of marble. Burn at night in a cage, have woman sit on it, cover with quilt leaving head out; within three doses it stops. Also, powder equal parts Xionghuang, Renshen (Ginseng), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia), Wuweizi (Schisandra); take 1 Cun Bi with well water morning; cure. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*)
Small Pill Method: 2 jin Xionghuang, 2 jin Baizi Ren (Biota Seed), 10 jin Songzhi (refined). Pound into pills. Take 5 facing north every morning. After 100 days, soul and spirit are controlled, visions of divine beings occur. (*Tai Shang Xuan Bian Jing*)
Transforming Female to Male: Woman feels pregnant. 1 liang Xionghuang in crimson bag; nourishes fetus to transform female to male, taking full yang essence from earth products. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
Various infantile convulsions: Equal parts Xionghuang and Zhusha (Cinnabar). Powder. Take 1 qian, mixed with pig heart blood and vinegar water. (*Zhi Zhi Fang*)
Bone-steaming fever: 1 liang Xionghuang powder, 1 sheng urine, grind to powder. Take 1 huangli stone (1 chi square), burn in charcoal fire for duration of three meals, pour thick liquid onto stone. Place thin felt on top, patient sits naked on it, wrap clothes around to prevent gas escape; 3-5 times cures. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Cold damage with cough/reverse qi, ineffective medication: 2 qian Xionghuang. 1 cup wine, boil to 0.7 cup, inhale vapor while hot; stops immediately. (*Huo Ren Shu*)
Cold damage Huhuo syndrome, worms eating lower part, pain/itch unceasing: 0.5 liang Xionghuang, burn in bottle, fumigate lower part. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Hemicrania: Zhiling San: Equal parts Xionghuang and Xixin (Asarum). Powder. Insufflate 1 zi amount into nose; if left pain, insufflate right; if right pain, insufflate left. (*Boji Fang*)
Five Corpse Injection Disease: Pain varies, confusion/heaviness, entangling organs, rushing to heart/flanks, corpse ghosts cause harm. 1 liang Xionghuang, 1 liang Da Suan (Garlic), pound into marble-sized pills. Take 1 pill with hot wine. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*)
Abdominal/flank masses: 1 liang Xionghuang, 1 liang Bai Fan (Alum), powder, mix with flour paste, apply. Effects seen immediately. If not effective, reapply; wait for stool resembling hundreds of jin to pass, then cured. Secret formula. (*Ji Xuan Fang*)
Hypochondriac masses and dietary injury: Zhu Huang Wan: 1 liang Xionghuang, 5 qian Badou (Croton Seed). Grind together, add 2 liang white flour, drop water to make wuizi pills. Take 24 pills, boil in grain water for 30 boils, sink in cold grain water, swallow cold; stop when purged, miraculous. (*Bao Ming Ji*)
Alcohol addiction: Jiu Zheng Wan: Treats excessive drinking, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, alcohol accumulation in stomach, vomiting upon drinking, chronic addiction. 6 Xionghuang (size of soap pod), 15 Badou (with skin/oil), 15 Xie Shao (Scorpion tail). Grind, add 5.5 liang white flour, drop water to make pea-sized pills. Dry, fry in bran until fragrant. Test one in water; if floats, collect. Take 2 pills with warm wine. (*He Ji Ju Fang*)
Fa Syndrome drinking oil: Some feel relief only after drinking 5 sheng oil, else sick; this is hair entering stomach, wrapped by qi/blood, turning into worm. 0.5 liang Xionghuang powder, mix with water, take; worm exits. (Xia Ziyi, *Qi Ji Fang*)
Masses and accumulations, removing Three Corpses, benefiting qi, extending life, reversing aging: 2 liang Xionghuang powder, washed with water 9 times, put in new bamboo tube, plug with steamed dough, steam 7 times, mix with 1 liang good powder fat, pill size of mung bean. Take 7 pills with wine, three times daily. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
Lower abdominal fullness, inability to urinate: Xionghuang powder, honey pill, insert into urethra. (*Shanghan Lei Yao*)
Yin swelling like a beanbag, unbearable pain: 2 liang Xionghuang, 2 liang Fanshi (Alum), 1 chi Gancao (Licorice). 5 sheng water, boil to 2 sheng, soak. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*)
Food poisoning: Equal parts Xionghuang and Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis). Powder. Take 2 qian with fresh drawn water. (Deng Bifeng Formula)
Insect/Gu poison: Equal parts Xionghuang and Sheng Fan (Raw Alum). Grind and dissolve on Dragon Boat Festival, wax pill size wuizi. Take 7 pills, recite Medicine King Bodhisattva 7 times, take with cooked water. (Su Dongpo, *Liang Fang*)
Jie Yin Hematochezia: Xionghuang arbitrary amount, put in date, tie with thread, decoct. Melt 1 liang lead, pour into decoction, boil from morning to night, constantly adding boiling water. Take out, powder, pound with dates into wuizi pills. Take 30 pills with black lead decoction on empty stomach; stops in 3 doses. (*Puji Fang*)
Summerheat toxin diarrhea/dysentery: See Elucidation below. Stroke tongue stiffness: Zhengshe San: Equal parts Xionghuang and Jingjie Sui (Schizonepeta Flower). Powder. Take 2 qian with Doulin Jiu (Soybean-dripping wine). (*Wei Sheng Bao Jian*)
Traumatic wind-stroke: Equal parts Xionghuang and Baizhi (Angelica Dahurica). Powder. Decoct in wine,灌 (pour/give); patient revives. (Shao Zhenren, *Jing Yan Fang*)
Mad dog bite: 5 qian Xionghuang, 2 qian Shexiang (Musk). Powder. Take with wine, divided into 2 doses. (*Jiu Ji Liang Fang*)
Hundred insects entering ear: Burn Xionghuang and fumigate; insects exit. (*Shi Bian Liang Fang*)
Horse sweat entering wound: 1 qian Xionghuang, 1 qian Bai Fan (Alum), 3 Wumei (Myrobalan), 1 Badou (Croton Seed). Grind together. Mix half qian with oil, apply; good. (*Jing Yan Fang*)
Spider bite: Xionghuang powder, apply. (*Chaoye Qian Zai*)
Metal wound internal bleeding: Insert bean-sized Xionghuang powder. Also take 5 qian urine; blood transforms to water. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*)
Stick wound swelling/pain: 2 fen Xionghuang, 1 fen Miduoseng (Litharge). Powder. Mix with water, apply; excellent. (*Jiu Ji Fang*)
Arrow poison: Apply Xionghuang powder; boiling fluid comes out, heals. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Resolve Lulu (Veratrum) toxicity: Take 1 qian Xionghuang powder with water. (*Waitai*)
Infantile smallpox carbuncle: 1 qian Xionghuang, 3 qian Zicao (Arnebia/Lithospermum). Powder. Mix with carmine juice, prick with silver needle first, apply; excellent. (*Dou Zhen Zheng Zhi*)
White bald scalp sore: Mix Xionghuang with pig bile, apply. (*Shengji Lu*)
Eyebrow loss: 1 liang Xionghuang powder. Mix with vinegar, apply. (*Shengji Lu*)
Muscle/tendon transforming into worm: Worm like crab walks under skin, sounds like crying infant. 1 liang Xionghuang, 1 liang Leiwan (Vermifuge). Powder. Sprinkle on pork, roast thoroughly, eat all; self-recovery. (Xia Shi, *Qi Ji Fang*)
Wind itch like insects: Refined Xionghuang, Songzhi (Pine Resin) equal parts. Powder, honey pill wuizi size. Take 10 with drink, three times daily, 100 days to cure. Avoid alcohol, meat, salt, fermented beans. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
Carbuncle malignant toxin: *Qian Jin Fang*: Prick four sides and center, apply Xionghuang powder; miraculous. *Ji De Tang Fang*: 5 fen Xionghuang, 5 fen Chansu (Toad Venom). Powder, mix with scallion/honey into millet-sized pills. Pierce sore top with needle, insert pill; very good.
Guangdong malignant sore: 1.5 qian Xionghuang, 30 Xingren (Apricot Seed, peeled), 1 qian Qingfen (Calomel). Powder. Wash clean, mix with male pig bile, apply; heals in 2-3 days. 100% effective, world's best formula, from Wuding Marquis Mansion. (*Ji De Tang Fang*)
Snake-winding malignant sore: Xionghuang powder, mix with vinegar, apply. (*Puji Fang*)
Strangling throat wind-paralysis: Xionghuang, grind with fresh water 1 cup, take; induce vomiting/purging to cure. (*Xu Shi Quan Fang*)
Wind-heat headache: Equal parts Xionghuang, Ganjiang (Dried Ginger). Powder. [Insufflate] Nose; left pain insufflate right, right pain insufflate left.
Toothworm pain: Xionghuang powder, mix with jujube flesh into pill, insert into hole. (*Lei Yao*)
Running horse gum disease, foul rotting bleeding: 7 Xionghuang (bean-sized). Wrap each in Huai Zao (Jujube, pitted), string with iron wire, burn to powder over lamp. Apply small amount each time, remove saliva, continue until cured. (*Quan You Xin Jian*)
Infantile gum disease: 1 qian Xionghuang, 2 qian Tonglv (Malachite). Powder, apply. (Chen Shi, *Xiao Er Fang*)
Malnutrition worm eating teeth: Equal parts Xionghuang, Tingli (Descurainia Seed). Powder. Mix with winter pig gall, dab with locust branch. (*Jin Gui Fang*)
Ear foul pus: Equal parts Xionghuang, Cihuang (Orpiment), Huangqi (Sulfur). Powder, insufflate. (*Shengji Fang*)
Long-standing sore: 2 qian Xionghuang, 5 qian Chen Ai (Mugwort). Roll green cloth into large roll, burn smoke to fumigate; hot water flows out, heals in several times. (Bifeng, *Za Xing*)