味苦，微温。主治咳逆，五脏邪气，调中，益气，明目，杀虱。青符、白符、赤符、黑
符、黄符，各随色补其脏。白符一名女木。生巴郡山谷。
方药皆不复用，今人并无识者。（《新修》三六三页，《大观》卷三○，《政和》五四六页）
味苦，寒、大寒，无毒。主下瘀血，血闭，寒热，破症瘕积聚，留饮宿食，荡涤肠胃，
推陈致新，通利水谷，调中化食，安和五脏。平胃下气，除痰实，肠间结热，心腹胀满，女
子寒血闭胀，小腹痛，诸老血留结。一名黄良。生河西山谷及陇西。二月、八月采根，火干。
得芍药、黄芩、牡蛎、细辛、茯苓治惊恚怒，心下悸气。得硝石、紫石英、桃仁治女子血闭。
（黄芩为之使。无所畏。）
今采益州北部汶山及西山者，虽非河西、陇西，好者犹作紫地锦色，味甚苦涩，色至浓
黑。西川阴干者胜。北部日干，亦有火干者，皮小焦不如，而耐蛀堪久。此药至劲利，粗者
便不中服，最为世方所重。道家时用以去痰疾，非养性所须也。将军之号，当取其骏快矣。
（《
味辛，温、大热，有毒。主治邪气咳逆，温中，逐骨节皮肤死肌，寒湿痹痛，下气。
除五脏六腑寒冷，伤寒，温疟，大风，汗不出，心腹留饮宿食，止肠 下痢，泄精，女
子字乳余疾，散风邪瘕结，水肿，黄胆，鬼疰，蛊毒，杀虫鱼毒。久服之头不白，轻身，增
年。开腠理，通血脉，坚齿发，调关节，耐寒暑，可作膏药。多食令人乏气，口闭者杀人。
一名巴椒，一名卢 。生武都川谷及巴郡。八月采实，阴干。（杏仁为之使，畏橐吾。）
出蜀郡北部，人家种之，皮肉浓，腹里白，气味浓。江阳晋原及建平间亦有而细赤，辛
而不香，力势不如巴郡。巴椒，有毒不可服，而此为一名，恐不尔。又有秦椒，黑色，在上
品中。凡用椒皆火微熬之，令汗出，谓为汗椒，令有力势。椒目冷利去水，则入药不得相杂
尔。（《新修》一五四页，《大观》卷十三，《政和》三四○页）
[Shu Jiao (Sichuan Pepper)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Slightly warm. Indications: Cough and asthma, pathogenic factors of the five zang organs, harmonizing the middle jiao, benefiting qi, brightening the eyes, killing lice. The blue talisman, white talisman, red talisman, black talisman, and yellow talisman respectively tonify their corresponding zang organs according to color. The white talisman is also known as Nümu. Grows in the valleys of Ba Commandery.
It is no longer used in prescriptions, and people today do not recognize it. (From *Xinxiu Bencao* p. 363, *Daguan Bencao* Vol. 30, *Zhenghe Bencao* p. 546)
[Dahuang (Rhubarb Root and Rhizome)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold or Greatly cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Expelling blood stasis, treating amenorrhea due to blood obstruction, alternating chills and fever, breaking masses and accumulations (abdominal lumps), eliminating retained fluid and old food, purging the intestines and stomach, pushing out the old and bringing forth the new, promoting the passage of water and grain, harmonizing the middle jiao and transforming food, calming and harmonizing the five zang organs. Calming the stomach and directing rebellious qi downward, removing phlegm-dampness excess, clearing heat accumulation in the intestines, treating abdominal fullness and distension, female amenorrhea and distension due to cold-blood obstruction, lower abdominal pain, and various types of old blood retention and knotting. Also known as Huangliang. Grows in the valleys of Hexi and Longxi. Roots are harvested in February and August and dried over fire.
When combined with Shaoyao (Peony Root), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Muli (Oyster Shell), Xixin (Asarum), and Fuling (Poria), it treats fright, anger, palpitations, and qi disorder in the epigastrium. When combined with Xiaoshi (Niter), Zhi Shiyin (Purple Quartz), and Taoren (Peach Seed), it treats female blood obstruction. (Huangqin serves as its guiding herb. No herbs are incompatible with it.)
Currently, Dahuang from Wenshan and the western mountains in northern Yizhou is collected. Although not from Hexi or Longxi, the high-quality ones still exhibit a purple brocade-like color, with a very bitter and astringent taste, and a deep black hue. Those dried in the shade in the Western Sichuan region are superior. Those sun-dried in the north, or fire-dried, have slightly scorched skins and are inferior, but they are resistant to insects and can be stored for a long time. This medicine is extremely potent and sharp; coarse pieces are unsuitable for use and are highly valued by secular prescriptions. Daoists sometimes use it to dispel phlegm diseases, but it is not necessary for nourishing life. The title "General" likely derives from its swift and rapid action. (From...)
[Hua Jiao (Zanthoxylum Fruit)]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm or Greatly hot. Toxicity: Toxic. Indications: Pathogenic cough and asthma, warming the middle jiao, driving out dead flesh in bones, joints, and skin, bi-syndrome pain due to cold-dampness, descending rebellious qi. Removing cold from the five zang and six fu organs, cold damage, warm malaria, severe wind disease, absence of sweating, retained fluid and old food in the heart and abdomen, stopping intestinal diarrhea, securing essence and stopping spermatorrhea, treating residual disorders after childbirth in women, dispersing wind-pathogen masses, edema, jaundice, guizhu (contagious malignant disease), gudistoxin, killing parasites and fish poison. Long-term consumption prevents graying of hair, lightens the body, and increases longevity. Opens the interstices, unifies the vessels, strengthens teeth and hair, harmonizes joints, resists cold and heat, and can be made into plasters. Excessive consumption leads to qi deficiency; causing mouth closure can be fatal.
Also known as Bajiao and Lu Jiao. Grows in the river valleys of Wudu and Ba Commandery. Fruits are harvested in August and dried in the shade. (Xingren (Apricot Seed) serves as its guiding herb; it fears Tuowu (Ligusticum wallichii).)
Produced in northern Shu Commandery, where it is cultivated by households. It has thick skin and flesh, a white interior, and strong aroma. It is also found in Jiangyang, Jinyuan, and Jianping, but these are smaller, reddish, pungent but not fragrant, and lack the potency of those from Ba Commandery. Bajiao is toxic and cannot be taken internally, whereas this Hua Jiao is also called Bajiao, which seems incorrect. There is also Qin Jiao, which is black and listed in the upper grade. Whenever using pepper, it should be lightly roasted over fire until oil sweats out, termed "Han Jiao" (Sweating Pepper), to enhance its potency. The seeds (Jiaomu) are cold and promote urination to remove water; they must not be mixed with the fruit when used medicinally. (From *Xinxiu Bencao* p. 154, *Daguan Bencao* Vol. 13, *Zhenghe Bencao* p. 340)