味苦，温，无毒。主治风寒湿痹，历节疼痛，除四肢厥气，膝痛。一名豕椒，一名猪椒，
一名彘椒，一名狗椒。生云中山川谷及丘冢间。采茎、根，煮酿酒。
山野处处有，世呼为 ，似椒 ，小不香尔，一名 杀，可以蒸病出汗也。（《新修》一
五九页，《大观》卷十四，《政和》三五八页）
味辛、苦，温，有毒。主治风头，痈肿，乳痈，疝瘕，除结气，疥瘙，虫疽疮。杀虫
鱼。治喉痹不通，乳难，头风痒，可用沐，勿近目。一名 ，一名春草。生上谷山谷及宛
朐。五月采叶，阴干。
上谷远在幽州，今东间诸山处处皆有。叶青新烈者良。人用捣以和米纳水中，鱼吞即死
浮出，人取食之无妨。莽草，字亦有作KT 字，今世呼为KT 草也。（《新修》一五五页，
《大观》卷十四，《政和》三四六页）
主治寒热瘰 疮。皮∶味苦，微寒，无毒。主除身皮热毒。一名牛李，一名鼠梓，一
名，生田野，采无时。
此条又附见，今亦在副品限也。（《新修》一五七页，《大观》卷十四，《政和》三五三
页）
味苦，平，无毒。主治猝噎不止，下气。
其叶不暇煮，但嚼食，亦瘥。人以作饮，乃小冷。（《新修》二五一页，《大观》卷二十
三，《政和》四六九页）
味辛，温，生温熟寒，有大毒。主治伤寒，温疟，寒热，破症瘕，结坚积聚，留饮痰癖。
大腹水胀，荡练五脏六腑，开通闭寒，利水谷道，去恶肉，除鬼蛊毒疰邪物，杀虫鱼。治女
子月闭，烂胎，金创，脓血，不利丈夫阴，杀斑蝥毒。可练饵之，益血脉，令人色好，变化
与鬼神通。一名巴椒。生巴郡川谷。八月采实，阴干，用之去心皮。（芫花为之使，恶
畏大黄、黄连、藜芦。）
出巴郡，似大豆，最能利人，新者佳。用之皆去心皮乃秤，又熬令黄黑，别捣如膏，乃
合和丸散尔。道方亦有练饵法，服之乃言神仙。人吞一枚，便欲死，而鼠食之，三年重卅斤，
物
[Mianjiao / Piper Kadsura Stem]
Bitter in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats bi-syndrome (obstruction syndrome) caused by wind-cold-dampness, severe joint pain (Lijie pain), eliminates qi stagnation causing cold extremities, and treats knee pain. Also known as Shijiao, Zhu Jiao, Zhi Jiao, Gou Jiao. Grows in the valleys of Yunzhong mountains and between hills and tombs. Harvest stems and roots to brew wine. Found everywhere in wild fields, commonly referred to as [missing character], resembling Zanthoxylum (Sichuan pepper) but with a weaker fragrance. Also known as [missing character] Sha, can be used for steaming food to induce sweating. (Xinxiu Bencao Vol. 159, Daguan Bencao Vol. 14, Zhenghe Bencao p. 358)
[Mangcao / Illicium lanceolatum Leaf]
Pungent and bitter in flavor, warm in nature, toxic. Primarily treats Toufeng (head wind disorders), carbuncles and swellings, mastitis, hernia and mass formations, resolves stagnant qi, scabies and itching, insect abscesses and sores. Kills fish. Treats throat obstruction (Houbi), difficult lactation, head wind itching; can be used for bathing, but avoid contact with eyes. Also known as [missing character], also known as Chuncao. Grows in the valleys of Shanggu and Wanqu. Harvest leaves in May and dry in shade.
Shanggu is far away in Youzhou, but now found in mountains throughout the eastern regions. Leaves that are fresh green and pungent are superior. People crush them and mix with rice into water; fish swallowing it die and float up, which humans can safely eat. The character "Mang" in Mangcao is sometimes written as [missing character]; today it is called [missing character] Cao. (Xinxiu Bencao Vol. 155, Daguan Bencao Vol. 14, Zhenghe Bencao p. 346)
[Niuli / Rhamnus species]
Primarily treats cold-heat Luoli (scrofula) and sores. Bark: Bitter in flavor, slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily eliminates heat toxins from the skin. Also known as Niuli, Shuzi, [missing character]. Grows in fields; harvest time is not fixed.
This entry is also appended here and is currently classified among secondary substances. (Xinxiu Bencao Vol. 157, Daguan Bencao Vol. 14, Zhenghe Bencao p. 353)
[Unnamed Herb - likely leaf material]
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats sudden persistent dysphagia (Ye), directs Qi downward.
Its leaves need not be boiled; chewing them raw is also effective. When used as a drink, its nature is slightly cold. (Xinxiu Bencao Vol. 251, Daguan Bencao Vol. 23, Zhenghe Bencao p. 469)
[Badou / Croton Tiglium Seed]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Raw is warm, cooked is cold, highly toxic. Primarily treats Shanghan (cold damage), Wen Nue (warm malaria), alternating chills and fever, breaks down masses and accumulations, hard nodules, retained fluid and phlegm-pi. Abdominal distension with water retention, purges the five zang and six fu organs, opens blockages and coldness, promotes urination and defecation, removes necrotic tissue, eliminates ghost-gu toxicity and malignant pathogens, kills parasites and fish. Treats amenorrhea in women, fetal decay, traumatic wounds, pus and blood stasis; does not adversely affect male genital function; kills Blatta orientalis (Mao) toxin. Can be processed and ingested to benefit blood vessels, improve complexion, with effects so profound they seem to communicate with spirits. Also known as Bajiao. Grows in the rivers and valleys of Ba Commandery. Harvest fruits in August, dry in shade, remove heart and peel before use. (Yuanhua acts as an assistant; incompatible with Dahuang, Huanglian, Lili.)
Produced in Ba Commandery, resembles soybean, most effective for promoting bodily functions; fresh ones are best. Must remove heart and peel before weighing. Then stir-fry until yellow-black, grind separately into paste, then combine to make pills or powders. Daoist formulas also have processing methods for ingestion, claiming immortality after use. If a human swallows one seed, they may feel near death, whereas a rat eating it gains weight to thirty jin over three years. Substance...