方山，采无时。（恶巴豆。）
案《本经》长石一名方石，治体亦相似，疑是此也。（《新修》七○页，《大观》卷五，《政
和》一三五页）
世中不复用。莫识其状。（《新修》七○页，《大观》卷五，《政和》一三六页）
此犹似钟乳、孔公孽之类，故亦有孽名，但在崖上耳，今时有之，但不复采用耳。（《新修》
七一页，《大观》卷五，《政和》一三四页）
下。带下百病，产难，胞衣不出，堕胎，养血气，除五脏血脉中热、血痹、血瘀，大人小
儿惊气入腹及阴痿不起。一名须丸（出姑幕者名须丸，出代郡者名代赭。）一名血师。生齐
国
旧说云是代郡城门下土。江东久绝，顷魏国所献，犹是彼间赤土耳，非复真物，此于世
用乃疏，而为丹方之要，并与戎盐、卤咸皆是急须。（《新修》七一页，《大观》卷五，《政和》
一二八页）
味苦、咸，寒，无毒。主治大热，消渴，狂烦，除邪及吐下蛊毒，柔肌肤。去五脏肠胃
留热，结气，心下坚，食已呕逆，喘满，明目，目痛。生河东盐池。云是煎盐釜下凝滓。（《新
修》七二页，《大观》卷五，《政和》一三○页）
舌血出。一名胡盐。生胡盐山，及西羌北地，及酒泉福禄城东南角，北海青，南海赤。十月
采。
今世中不复见卤咸，唯魏国所献虏盐，即是河东大盐，形如结冰圆强，味咸、苦，夏月
小润液。虏中盐乃有九种∶白盐，食盐，常食者；黑盐，治腹胀气满；胡盐，治耳聋目痛；
柔盐，治马脊疮；又有赤盐、驳盐、臭盐、马齿盐四种，并不入食。马齿即大盐，黑盐疑是
卤咸，柔盐疑是戎盐，而此戎盐又名胡盐，兼治眼痛，二、三相乱。今戎盐虏中甚有，从凉
州来，芮芮河南使及北部胡客从敦煌来，亦得之，自是稀少尔。其形作块片，或如鸡鸭卵，
或如菱米，色紫白，味不甚咸，口尝气臭，正如 鸡子臭者言是真。又河南盐池泥中，自有
凝盐如石片，打破皆方，青黑色，善治马脊疮，又疑此或者。盐虽多种，而戎盐、卤咸最为
要用。又巴东朐 县北岸大有盐井，盐水自凝生粥子盐，方一、二寸，中央突张如伞形，亦
有方如石膏、博棋者。李云戎盐味苦、臭，是海潮水浇山石。经久盐凝着石取之。北海者青，
南海者紫赤。又云卤咸即是人煮盐釜底凝强盐滓，如此二说并未详。（《新修》七三页，《大
观》卷五，《政和》一二九页）
Fangshan, can be collected at any time. (Averse to *Ephedrae Herba* [Mahuang, 麻黄].)
According to the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica), Changshi is also called Fangshi, and its therapeutic effects are similar; it is suspected to be this substance. (Cited from *Xinxiu Bencao*, p. 70; *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 5; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 135.)
It is no longer used in the world. No one recognizes its shape. (Cited from *Xinxiu Bencao*, p. 70; *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 5; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 136.)
This substance resembles Zhuru (Stalactite) and Konggongnie, hence it also bears the name "Nie," but it grows only on cliffs. It exists nowadays, but is no longer adopted for use. (Cited from *Xinxiu Bencao*, p. 71; *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 5; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 134.)
(Treats) various disorders of leukorrhea (vaginal discharge), difficult labor, retention of the placenta, abortion, nourishes blood and qi, clears heat from the blood vessels of the five zang organs, treats blood bi syndrome and blood stasis, and addresses fright qi entering the abdomen in adults and children, as well as impotence. Also known as Xuwan (those produced in Gumu are called Xuwan, those produced in Daijun are called Daizhe). Also known as Xueshi. Originates from the old territory of Qi.
Old sayings claim it is soil from under the gates of Daijun. It has long been absent in Jiangdong. Recently, what was presented by the Wei state is merely red earth from that region, not the true substance. Its use in secular medicine is neglected, yet it is a key ingredient in alchemical formulas, along with Rongyan and Luxian, which are all urgently needed. (Cited from *Xinxiu Bencao*, p. 71; *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 5; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 128.)
Taste: bitter, salty. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Main indications: severe heat, thirst (xiaoke), mania and restlessness, eliminates pathogenic factors and gu poison caused by vomiting or purging, softens the skin. Clears lingering heat in the five zang organs and gastrointestinal tract, resolves stagnant qi, hardness below the heart, postprandial vomiting and regurgitation, asthma and chest fullness, brightens the eyes, relieves eye pain. Originates from the Yanchi salt pool in Hedong. It is said to be the residue condensed at the bottom of salt-boiling cauldrons. (Cited from *Xinxiu Bencao*, p. 72; *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 5; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 130.)
(Treats) bleeding from the tongue. Also known as Huyan. Originates from Huyan Mountain, as well as Beidi in the Western Qiang regions, and the southeast corner of Fulu City in Jiuquan. Those from the Northern Sea are blue-green; those from the Southern Sea are red. Collected in the tenth month.
Nowadays, Luxian is no longer seen in the world. Only the Lu salt presented by the Wei state remains, which is the large salt from Hedong. Its shape is round and solid like frozen ice, with a salty and bitter taste, becoming slightly moist and fluid in summer. There are nine types of salt among the Lu people: Baoyan (white salt) is for daily consumption; Heiyan (black salt) treats abdominal distension and fullness of qi; Huyan (barbarian salt) treats deafness and eye pain; Rouran (soft salt) treats horse back sores; there are also four types—Chiyan (red salt), Boyan (mottled salt), Chouyan (stinking salt), and Machiyan (horse-tooth salt)—none of which are used for food. Machiyan is the large salt; Heiyan is suspected to be Luxian; Rouran is suspected to be Rongyan. This Rongyan is also named Huyan and additionally treats eye pain and confusion of two or three phases. Currently, Rongyan is abundant among the Lu people, coming from Liangzhou. Envoys from the Rouran south of the Yellow River and barbarian guests from the north arriving from Dunhuang can also obtain it, though it is relatively scarce. Its form is blocky or flaky, sometimes resembling chicken or duck eggs, or water caltrop seeds. The color is purple-white, and the taste is not very salty. When tasted orally, it has an odor; if it smells like rotten eggs, it is considered genuine. Additionally, in the mud of the Henan salt pool, natural salt condenses into stone-like flakes. When broken, they are square, blue-black, and effective for treating horse back sores; it is suspected that this might be Rongyan. Although there are many types of salt, Rongyan and Luxian are the most important and commonly used. Furthermore, in the northern bank of Qu County in Badong, there are abundant salt wells where brine naturally condenses into "porridge salt." These pieces are one or two cun in size, protruding in the center like an umbrella, or square like gypsum or chess pieces. Li Yun stated that Rongyan tastes bitter and foul because it is formed when seawater washes over mountain rocks, and salt condenses on the stones over time, which are then harvested. Those from the Northern Sea are blue-green; those from the Southern Sea are purple-red. It is also said that Luxian is the hardened salt residue condensed at the bottom of cauldrons used by people to boil salt. Neither of these two explanations is fully detailed. (Cited from *Xinxiu Bencao*, p. 73; *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 5; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 129.)