味苦、辛，温，无毒。主治咳逆上气，胸中寒热结气，去蛊毒、痿蹶，安五脏。治咳唾
脓血，止喘悸，五劳体虚，补不足，小儿惊痫。一名紫 ，一名青菀。生房陵山谷及真定、
邯郸，二月、三月采根，阴干。（款冬为之使，恶天雄、瞿麦、雷丸、远志，畏茵陈蒿。）近
道处处有，生布地，花亦紫，本有白毛，根甚柔细。有白者名白菀，不复用。（《大观》卷八，
《政和》二○九页）
味苦、咸，寒，无毒。主治头风，黄胆，咳逆，淋沥，女子阴中肿痛，湿痹死肌。不可
屈伸起止行步。治四肢不安，时行腹中大热，饮水，欲走，大呼，小儿惊痫，妇人产后余痛。
生上谷川谷及宛朐。四月、五月采根，阴干。（恶桑螵蛸、桔梗、茯苓、萆 。）近道处处有，
以蜀中者为良。世呼为白羊鲜，气息正似羊膻，或名白膻。（《大观》卷八，《政和》二一○
页）
味苦，平，无毒。主治蛇、虺、蜂、虿、 狗、菜、肉、蛊毒，鬼疰，风疰，诸大毒不
可入口者，皆消除之。又去血，可末着痛上，立消。毒入腹者，煮饮之即解。一名白葛。生
交州山谷。
此药治毒，莫之与敌。而人不复用，殊不可解，都不闻有识之者，想当似葛尔，须别广
访
味酸，温、微寒，无毒。主治痈疽，恶疮，结肉，跌筋，败疮，热气，阴蚀不瘳，利关
节。久服轻身益气。根∶止泄痢腹痛，五脏客热，除邪逆气，疽癞，诸恶疮，金疮伤挞，生
肉复肌。一名蔷薇，一名蔷麻，一名牛棘，一名牛勒，一名蔷蘼，一名山棘。生零陵川谷及
蜀郡。八月、九月采，阴干。
营实即是蔷薇子，以白花者为良。根亦可煮酿酒，茎、叶亦可煮作饮。（《大观》卷七，
《
[Ziwan (Asteris Radix)]
Bitter, pungent, warm, non-toxic. Mainly treats cough with qi rebellion, cold-heat knotted qi in the chest, removes gu poison, ataxia and厥逆 (cold extremities due to yang deficiency), and calms the five zang organs. Treats coughing up pus and blood, stops wheezing and palpitations, addresses the five excesses and physical deficiency, tonifies insufficiency, and treats pediatric convulsions and epilepsy. Also known as Zi Wan (note: original text "Zi " is likely a typo or variant for Ziwan), also named Qing Wan. Grows in the valleys of Fangling, as well as Zhending and Handan. Roots are harvested in February and March and dried in the shade. (Kuantong [Adenophorae Radix] serves as its assistant herb; it is incompatible with Tianxiong [Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata], Qumai [Dianthi Herba], Leiwan [Polyporus Umbellatus], and Yuanzhi [Polygalae Radix]; it fears Yinchenhao [Artemisiae Scopariae Herba].) It is found everywhere in nearby regions, growing flat on the ground, with purple flowers and white hairs on the stem; the roots are very soft and fine. The white variety is called Baiwan and is no longer used. (Da Guan Bencao Vol. 8, Zhenghe Bencao p. 209)
[Yingshi (Rosae Chinensis Fructus)]
Bitter, salty, cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats head wind, jaundice, cough with qi rebellion, strangury with dribbling, swelling and pain in the female vagina, damp-bi causing dead muscle tissue, inability to flex, extend, rise, fall, walk, or step. Treats restlessness of the four limbs, intense abdominal heat during epidemic diseases, thirst for drinking water, desire to run, loud shouting, pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, and residual pain after childbirth in women. Grows in the rivers and valleys of Shanggu and Wanqu. Roots are harvested in April and May and dried in the shade. (Incompatible with Sangpiaoxiao [Mantidis Oötheea], Jiegeng [Platycodonis Radix], Fuling [Poria], and Bixie [Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma].) Found everywhere in nearby regions, with those from Shu being superior. The world calls it Baiyangxian, as its odor truly resembles mutton fat; alternatively named Baishan. (Da Guan Bencao Vol. 8, Zhenghe Bencao p. 210)
[Unnamed/To Be Verified]
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Mainly treats bites from snakes, vipers, bees, scorpions, mad dogs, and poisoning from vegetables, meat, and gu poison, ghostly transmission diseases, wind transmission diseases, and all major poisons that cannot be ingested; it eliminates them all. It also removes blood stasis; when powdered and applied to painful areas, it dissipates immediately. If poison enters the abdomen, boiling and drinking it resolves the toxicity. Also named Baige. Grows in the valleys of Jiaozhou.
This herb's ability to treat poison is unmatched. Yet people no longer use it, which is inexplicable; no one seems to recognize it. I suspect it is similar to Gegen [Puerariae Lobatae Radix], but requires further extensive investigation.
[Qiangwei (Rosae Chinensis Flower/Bud)]
Sour, warm, slightly cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats carbuncles and sores, malignant ulcers, nodulated flesh, tendon injuries, decaying sores, hot qi, chronic genital erosion, and unblocks joints. Long-term consumption lightens the body and benefits qi. Root: stops dysentery and abdominal pain, clears guest heat in the five zang organs, eliminates rebellious evil qi, treats carbuncle leprosy, various malignant ulcers, metal wounds and beatings, promotes flesh regeneration. Also named Qiangwei, also named Qiangma, Niují, Niule, Qiangmi, Shanji. Grows in the valleys of Lingling and Shu commandery. Harvested in August and September, dried in the shade.
Yingshi is the fruit of Qiangwei, with white-flowered varieties being superior. The root can also be boiled to make wine; stems and leaves can also be boiled for tea. (Da Guan Bencao Vol. 7,