止渴。
今人不甚服，当缘难得也。（《新修》一九○页，《大观》卷十六，《政和》三七三页）
微寒。主补虚羸，止渴，下气。
牛为佳，不用新被饮竟者。（《新修》一九○页，《大观》卷十六，《政和》三七三页）
温。补寒冷虚乏。
牛乳、羊乳实为补润，故北人皆多肥健。（《新修》一九○页，《大观》卷十六，《政和
》三七二页）
微寒。主补五脏，利大肠，主治口疮。
酥出外国，亦从益州来，本是牛羊乳所为，作之自有法。佛经称乳成酪，酪成酥。酥成
醍醐。醍醐色黄白作饼甚甘肥，亦时至江南。（《新修》一九一页，《大观》卷十六，《政和》）
三七
味甘，微寒、微温、无毒。主治风痹不仁，筋急，五脏腹中积聚，寒热，羸瘦。头疡白
秃，面 食饮呕吐。久服强志，不饥，轻身，长年。生雍州山谷。十一月取。
此脂即是熊白，是背上膏，寒月则有，夏月则无。其腹中肪及身中膏，煎取可作药，而
不
新修》一九一页，《大观》卷十六，《政和》三七○页）
味甘，平，微温，无毒。主治心腹邪气，诸惊痫 ，安五脏，诸不足，益气。补中，止
痛，解毒，除众病，和百药。养脾气，除心烦，食饮不下，止肠 ，肌中疼痛，口疮，明耳
目。久服强志，轻身，不饥，不老，延年神仙。一名石饴。生武都山谷、河源山谷及诸山石
中，色白如膏者良。
石蜜即崖蜜也。高山岩石间作之，色青、赤，味小 ，食之心烦。其蜂黑色似虻。又木
蜜，呼为食蜜，悬树枝作之，色青白，树空及人家养作之者，亦白而浓浓，味美。凡蜂作蜜，
皆须人小便以酿诸花，乃得和熟，状似作饴须 也。又有土蜜，于土中作之，色青白，味 。
今出晋安檀崖者，多土蜜，云最胜。出东阳临海诸处多木蜜；出于潜、怀安诸县多崖蜜，亦
有杂木蜜及人家养者，例皆被添，殆无淳者，必须亲自看取之，乃无杂尔，且又多被煎煮。
其江南向西诸蜜，皆是木蜜，添杂最多，不可为药用。道家丸饵，莫不须之。仙方亦单炼服
之。致长生不老也。（《大观》卷二十，《政和》四一○页）
Relieves thirst.
People nowadays do not consume it much, likely because it is difficult to obtain. (Xinxiu Bencao, p. 190; Daguan Bencao, Vol. 16; Zhenghe Zhenglei Bencao, p. 373)
Nature: Slightly cold. Main actions: Tonifies deficiency and emaciation, relieves thirst, directs Qi downward.
Cow's milk is the best; do not use fresh milk that has just been drunk by a calf. (Xinxiu Bencao, p. 190; Daguan Bencao, Vol. 16; Zhenghe Zhenglei Bencao, p. 373)
Nature: Warm. Tonifies deficiency and fatigue caused by cold.
Cow's milk and sheep's milk are truly nourishing and moistening; therefore, people in the North tend to be fat and robust. (Xinxiu Bencao, p. 190; Daguan Bencao, Vol. 16; Zhenghe Zhenglei Bencao, p. 372)
Nature: Slightly cold. Main actions: Tonifies the Five Viscera (Wu Zang), benefits the Large Intestine, treats mouth ulcers.
Su (Clarified Butter/Ghee) comes from foreign lands or Yizhou. It is originally made from cow or sheep milk, with its own specific preparation method. Buddhist scriptures state that milk becomes luo (fermented milk/yogurt), luo becomes su (clarified butter), and su becomes tihu (pure ghee/cream). Tihu is yellowish-white, formed into cakes, very sweet and rich, and occasionally reaches the Jiangnan region. (Xinxiu Bencao, p. 191; Daguan Bencao, Vol. 16; Zhenghe Zhenglei Bencao, p. 373)
Flavor: Sweet. Nature: Slightly cold, slightly warm. Non-toxic. Main actions: Treats Fengbi (Wind-Damp Bi syndrome characterized by numbness and pain), tendon stiffness, accumulations in the Five Viscera and abdomen, alternating chills and fever, and emaciation. Treats head sores, white alopecia (tinea capitis), facial diseases, and vomiting after eating or drinking. Long-term consumption strengthens the will, prevents hunger, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Grows in the valleys of Yongzhou. Harvested in the eleventh month.
This fat is known as Xiong Bai (Bear Back Fat), which is the fat on the bear's back. It exists in winter but disappears in summer. The fat in the bear's abdomen and the grease throughout its body can be rendered for medicinal use, but... [Text fragment missing] (Xinxiu Bencao, p. 191; Daguan Bencao, Vol. 16; Zhenghe Zhenglei Bencao, p. 370)
Flavor: Sweet. Nature: Neutral, slightly warm. Non-toxic. Main actions: Treats pathogenic factors in the heart and abdomen, various convulsions and epilepsy, calms the Five Viscera, addresses various deficiencies, tonifies Qi. Tonifies the Middle Jiao, stops pain, detoxifies, eliminates various diseases, and harmonizes other herbs. Nourishes Spleen Qi, relieves mental restlessness, treats inability to eat or drink, stops intestinal rumbling and pain, muscle pain, mouth ulcers, and brightens the eyes and ears. Long-term consumption strengthens the will, lightens the body, prevents hunger, prevents aging, and prolongs life like an immortal. Also known as Shi Yi (Stone Maltose). Grows in the valleys of Wudu, Heyuan, and among rocks in various mountains; those white like paste are superior.
Shi Mi (Rock Honey) is also called Ya Mi (Cliff Honey). It is produced in high mountain rock crevices, appearing green or red, with a slightly astringent taste that causes mental restlessness when consumed. The bees are black and resemble horseflies. There is also Mu Mi (Tree Honey), called Shi Mi (Edible Honey), produced hanging from tree branches, appearing greenish-white. Honey produced in tree hollows or by domesticated bees is also white, thick, and delicious. Generally, bees require human urine to ferment flowers to produce mature honey, similar to the stirring process in making maltose. There is also Tu Mi (Earth Honey), produced in the soil, appearing greenish-white, with a [text missing] taste. Currently, the honey from Tan Ya in Jin'an is mostly Tu Mi, considered the best. Linhai in Dongyang produces much Mu Mi; Qian County and Huaian County produce much Ya Mi, often mixed with Mu Mi or domesticated bee honey. Most are adulterated, lacking purity; one must personally inspect and select them to avoid impurities. Moreover, they are often boiled and concentrated. The honey from regions west of Jiangnan is all Mu Mi, heavily adulterated, and unsuitable for medicinal use. Daoist pill preparations invariably require this honey. Immortal formulas also prescribe taking refined honey alone to achieve longevity and immortality. (Daguan Bencao, Vol. 20; Zhenghe Zhenglei Bencao, p. 410)