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Jingtian (Sedum aizoon)
Taste: bitter, sour. Nature: neutral. Non-toxic; some say slightly toxic. It is commonly potted and planted in gardens and pavilions by households. The stems and leaves are firm and dense, rooting readily wherever inserted.
Commonly known as "Guabi Qing" (Wall-Hanging Green), implying it thrives without soil. Also called "Shenhuo Cao" (Fire-Preventing Herb), due to its immediate efficacy in treating burns. Decoction for bathing infants with heat-induced prickly heat; mashed application for infant erysipelas. It treats traumatic wounds and gu poison, and addresses wind-stroke, convulsions, heat, and dryness. Its flowers have a fine fragrance, pale red color, and can stop bleeding when mixed with red or white varieties.

Xuchangqing (Cynanchum atratum)
Taste: pungent. Nature: warm. Non-toxic. Found throughout the Ziqi and Huai regions, growing in low, damp riverbanks and marshes. It flourishes luxuriantly in spring warmth and withers in winter cold. Leaves resemble willow leaves, arranged oppositely. Roots are similar to Asarum but flatter and shorter. The aroma is also similar; harvested in March. Pounded coarsely, mixed with a little honey, steamed in porcelain steamers during the Sanfu days, then dried in the sun. Removes gu poison and epidemic diseases, expels evil spirits and malevolent entities. Dispels warm malaria, drives away foul qi. Long-term use strengthens the body, lightens the physique, and prolongs life.

Huangyao (Dioscorea bulbifera)
Huangyaogen (Root of Dioscorea bulbifera)
Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Non-toxic. A vine growing three to four chi high; stems and roots resemble those of small mulberry trees. Those from Wanzhou (in Guangdong) are tight and heavy; others are light and hollow. Roots harvested in October, frequently used in external medicine. Primarily treats throat obstruction (bi-sensation) and various malignant swellings, sores, ulcers, and carbuncles. Treats snake and dog bites, and accumulative heat in the heart and lungs caused by horse-related ailments. Freshly pounded to extract juice, used both for gargling and topical application. The fleshy part of the fruit tastes sour, effectively resolving goiter. Must be soaked in wine for preservation; drink several cups daily. Stop upon seeing effects; otherwise, the neck may shrink.

Shilong (Lycopodium japonicum)
Taste: bitter. Nature: cold, slightly warm. Non-toxic. Grows in mountain valleys and wetlands; specimens with nine nodes and rich medicinal properties are superior. Also known as "Longxu" (Dragon Whisker), suitable for weaving mats. Stems dried in the sun; roots harvested in September and dried in shade.
Promotes urination in cases of difficult urination and hot strangury (relin). Resolves deficiency-type abdominal fullness due to internal injury and insufficiency. Kills zhu-poison and malignant toxins, relieves painful, obstructive urination. Moistures dry skin and hair, dispels pathogenic qi in the heart and abdomen.
Long-term use extends lifespan, brightens the eyes, and lightens the body.
Decoction of worn-out mats is also effective for treating strangury.