春秋运斗经。摇光星散而为人参。故名神草。人参赞。三桠五叶。背阳向阴。欲来求我。
树相寻。（多生于深山背阴近 树下湿润处）春生苗。三四月有花。（细小如粟。
丝。紫白色。）秋后结子。（七八枚如大豆。生青。熟红自落。）采根于秋冬则坚实。春夏虚
软。昔多用潞州上党紫团参。产于紫团山。紫色稍扁。又百济参白坚且圆。名曰条参。（俗
名羊角参）辽东参黄润。纤长有须。（俗名黄参）独胜。高丽参近紫。体虚。新罗参亚黄味
薄。肖人形者神。其类鸡腿者力洪。（嘉谟）今所用者皆是辽参。其高丽百济新罗三国皆属
于朝鲜。其参犹来中国互市。辽参连皮者。黄润色如防风。去皮者坚白如粉。伪作者皆采沙
参荠 桔梗根乱之。但沙参体虚无心而味淡。荠 体虚无心。桔梗体坚有心而味苦。人参体
实有心而味甘。微带苦。自有余味。其他作伪者不少。须详审之。（濒湖）
根味甘微苦。气微寒微温。（微寒者春之寒也。微温者亦春之温也。神农直指所禀曰微
寒。别录兼言功用。又曰微温。寒温虽别。言微则一也。）生用气凉。熟用气温。味甘补阳。
微苦补阴。苦甘温合。则又补阳中之阴。阴中之阳。（气主生物。本乎天。味主成物。本乎
地。气味生成。阴阳之造化也。凉者高秋清肃之气。天之阴也。其性降。温者阳春生发之气。
天之阳也。其性升。甘者湿土化成之味。地之阳也。其性浮。微苦者火土相生之味。地之
阴也。其性沉。）气味俱薄。（气之薄者。生降熟升。味之薄者。生升热降。如土虚火旺之病
。则宜生参凉薄之气以泻火补土。是纯用其气也。脾虚肺怯之病。则宜熟参甘温之味以补土
而生金。是纯用其味也。）入手太阴肺经。（人参益元气。肺脾先受之。以入五脏。五脏俱入
。则诸虚皆补。其功效难以数例定也。且有患证同而可补不可补迥殊。又一证而前不可补后
复可补。更难定何证必用参也。惟当熟参诸论而变化之。以尽其功。）主治补五脏。（其生处
背阳向阴。当入五脏。以类相从也。人身卫气。日行于阳道则寤。夜入于五脏则寐。凡病剧
张皇。不能假寐者。人参入口便得安寝。此即入脏养阴之明征。）安精神。定魂魄。止惊悸
。开心益智。（心藏神。肝藏魂。肺藏魄。肾藏精与志。脾藏意与智。心肾虚则精神不安。
肝肺虚则魂魄不定矣。惊悸为心脾二经病。心脾之气强。则心窍通利。能思而智益深矣。）
久服轻身延年（本经）调中保中守神。治脾胃阳气不足。开胃气。主肺气虚促。短气少气。
补中缓中。通血脉。能回阳气于垂绝。却虚邪于俄顷。（炼膏服。回元气于无何有之乡。凡
病后虚气。及肺虚咳嗽者宜之。若气虚有火。合天门冬膏对服。）疗五劳七伤虚损。肠胃中
冷气。心腹鼓痛。胸膈逆满。痰弱呕哕。消胸中痰。泻心肺脾胃中火邪。止渴生津液。（诸
本草）补肺中元气。肺气旺则四脏之气皆旺。精自生而形自盛。肺主诸气故也。仲景法。病
人汗后身热亡血脉沉迟者。下利身凉脉微血虚者。并加人参。古人血脱益气。故补气用人参。
血虚者亦须用之。（东垣）人参补五脏之阳。沙参补五脏之阴。虽补五脏。亦须各用本脏药。
佐使引之。（海藏）用黄柏佐人参。（东垣）治相火乘脾。身热而烦。气高而喘。头痛而渴。
脉洪而大者。合麦味为生脉散。（孙真人方）治夏月热伤元气。致汗大泄。欲成痿厥者。此
皆补天元之真气。非补热火也。经曰。阴虚则无气。无气则死。盖人身之真阳。由阴中以上
升。此地气上为云。阳之升者。即阴之升也。真阴由阳中以降。此天气下为雨。阴之降者。
即阳之降也。五脏属阴。乃曰补五脏之阳者。盖补阴中之阳也。真阳由阴而升。真阴由阳而
降。然后地天交而营卫乃大通。以奉生身。人参阳中含阴。正合于阳中之阴以交于阴中之阳
而大益真元。故能回元气于无何有之乡。而补天元之真气也。得升麻引用。补上焦元气。泻
肺中之火。得茯苓引用。（合熟地尤佳）补下焦元气。泻肾中之火。得麦冬则生脉。得干姜
则补气。（洁古）同黄 用。补表虚。同白术用。助脾胃。同枣仁龙眼肉白芍甘草大枣。补
脾阴。同白术茯苓炙草木瓜藿香。止虚烦躁。同白术黄 芍药。治自汗。同黄 芍药五味。
治汗多亡阳。同沉香白芍。治真气虚气不归元。因而胸胁逆满。同茯苓远志益智枣仁麦冬。
治恍惚惊悸。魂魄不定。同沉香茯神。治心虚而邪客之作痛。同牛黄犀角天竺黄钩藤钩朱砂
雄黄真珠茯神远志。治惊痫。同附子白术芍药甘草茯苓。治慢惊慢脾风。同黄 天冬五味牛
膝枸杞菖蒲。治中风不语。肾气衰阳痿。以之为君。加鹿茸巴戟苁蓉五味菟丝山萸地黄麦冬
枸杞杜仲柏子仁。为扶衰之要剂。令人有子。同附子肉桂麦冬五味。治房劳过度。脱阳欲绝。
下部虚冷。同附子五味子。治阳气脱。温肠胃中冷。同附子干姜肉桂。治寒厥指爪青黯。便
清蜷卧。同干姜白术炙草。治中寒泄泻。下利清谷。甚则加肉桂附子。同白术吴萸。治脾泻
久不止。君五味吴萸骨脂肉蔻。治肾泻。同白芍炙草。治血虚心腹鼓痛。君五味麦冬。治肺
虚气喘。夏月服之。益气除热止消渴。加白术。又治中暑伤气倦怠。君藿香木瓜橘红。治胃
虚呕吐。如妊娠呕吐。加竹茹枇杷叶。同橘皮木瓜竹茹紫苏白术。治恶阻安胎。热多者去白
术紫苏。加麦冬。同鹿胶杜仲续断当归熟地生地。治胎漏不安。去生地加苏木。治负重努力。
内伤失血。同地黄阿胶麦冬山萸五味杜仲续断。治血崩。加牛膝大蓟鹿胶。治血淋。同乳香
朱砂鸡子白姜汁三匙调匀。别用当归两许煎浓。同吞。治横生倒养难产神效。同苏木当归童
便煎服。治产后血晕。同石菖蒲莲肉等分。水煎。治产后不语。同姜皮各两许。水煎。露一
宿。五更温服。治气虚久疟不止。同鳖甲青皮干漆 虫肉桂牡蛎射干。消疟母。同黄连红曲
白芍滑石升麻。治滞下腹痛赤色。同黄连乌梅莲肉升麻滑石肉豆蔻。治滞下久不止。同甘菊
枸杞地黄当归柴胡蒺藜甘草则明目。同黄柏黄 白术麦冬五味白芍木瓜薏米茯苓治痿。同五
加皮白藓皮石南叶石斛秦艽木瓜薏苡萆 牛膝沉香菖蒲二术治痹。在白虎汤。治劳伤元气人
患热病渴甚并头疼。在败毒散。治气虚人患四时不正寒气。在参苏饮。治肺虚人伤风。
附方 人参膏。用人参十两。细切。以活水二十盏浸透。入银石器内。桑柴火缓缓煎取
十盏
之人。肾气衰惫。咳嗽不止。用生姜橘皮煎汤。化膏服之。浦江郑五月患痢。又犯房室。忽
昏晕不知人。手撒目暗。自汗遗尿。喉中痰鸣如拽锯。脉大无伦。此阴亏阳绝之证也。急煎
大料人参膏。仍与灸气海十八壮。右手能动。再三壮。唇口微动。遂与膏服一盏。半夜后。
又服三盏。眼能动。尽三斤方能言而索粥。尽五斤而痢止。至十斤而全安。此证不止肾阴受
伤。阴中之真阳亦几几欲绝。多服参膏而愈。则人参还元以益阴中之阳明矣。夹阴伤寒。（先
因
回阳。人参干姜炮各一两。生附子一枚。破作八片。水四升半。煎一升。顿服。脉出身温即
愈。此证阴邪胜阳。用参补肾阳。必更同于姜附者。期补元阳以化阴邪而已。与前阴亏阳绝
之治。大相悬殊。房后困倦。人参七钱。陈皮一钱。水一盏半。煎八分。食前温服。日再。
此亦补阴中阳。阴中阳乃元气也。心下结气。（由思虑过多。气不以时行而结滞。）凡心下硬。
按之则无。常觉膨满。多食则吐。气引前后。噫呃不除。用人参一两。橘皮去白四两。为末。
炼蜜丸梧子大。每米饮下五六十丸。前益肾。阴中之阳。此益心。阳中之阴。止皆用人参陈
皮。因心肾阴阳互宅。惟参能善其根阴根阳之用。故无异味耳。但前以补困倦。故人参大倍
于陈皮。后以行结气。而陈皮胜于参也。怔忡目汗。（此心气不足也）人参半两。当归半两。
用猪腰子二个。以水二碗。煮至一碗半。取腰子细切。人参当归同煎至八分。空心吃腰子
。以汁送下。其滓焙干为末。以山药末作糊。丸绿豆大。每服五十丸。食远枣汤下。两服即
愈。（神济
肾也。先空
参当归等分。为末。用猪腰子一个。去膜切小片。以水三升。糯米半合。葱白二茎。煮米熟。
取汁一盏
根于肾故也。产后去血。何以亦补元气。缘血化于阳中之阴。而阳中之阴。原根于阴中之阳
也。加用糯米葱白者。以去血则宜益脾。自汗则宜于补元气。中寓透阳于阴之义。俾滞血得
化而阴为阳守也。喘急欲绝。上气鸣息者。人参末。汤服方寸匕。日五六服效。夫参补五脏。
而肺先受之。以元气根于肾。主于心。而肺统之以归下也。产后发喘。乃血入肺窍。危证也。
人参末
气之元。但加苏木以化滞血。俾阴得化。能随阳行耳。霍乱呕恶。人参二两。水一盏半。
煎汁一盏。入鸡子白一枚。再煎。
元之真阳如参者以为降也。但元气之降。先本于升。故又用象天如鸡子之白。举清阳而上浮
者。以为升地。俾和上逆之气而下也。反胃呕吐。饮食入口即吐。困弱无力。垂死者。上党
人参三两。拍破。水一升。煎取四合。热服。日再。兼以人参汁。入粟米鸡子白薤白煮粥与
啖。（方出李绛兵部手集。公每言
末二钱。生附子五分。生姜二钱
不思饮食。生姜半斤取汁。白
〔论〕 本经言人参。首及补五脏。以其补元气也。夫元气本于阴中之阳。人参以背阳
向阴之产。而采于秋冬。非阳之出于阴中者乎。惟本阴中之阳而合乎肾。更入阳中之阴而合
乎肺。遂合于二阴之至肺者。以返其所自始。所自生。故能回阳气于垂绝。却虚邪于俄顷也。
顾气之补五脏者。必先
之脾。尤为能胃行气于三阴三阳也。知胃阳之气。必根于脾阴之气。则肺本于阴中之阳。以
入于阳中之阴。而后阴阳合而气生。阴阳和而气畅者。其义可识取矣。人生有形。形立于气。
五脏为形躯之主。元
与气俱。使神内藏者也。（经云。失神者死。得神者生。何者为神。曰。血气已和。营卫已
通。五脏舍心。魂魄
招聘参之功。则所
又所主劳伤虚损男妇一切虚证。乃由五脏以益形骸也。）形不离气。神不去形。甄权谓参能
守神者。职是故耳。第别录既言调中。甄权又曰保中。日华云治气先言调中。而洁古更云补
中缓中。举所云中者。将专指中土而言乎。夫谓中土。非形气之中不可。但兹味保中。即随
以守神二字。则有超于形以为言者。经曰。根于中者。命曰神机。此云中。盖合于脏分有五
之中。此云机尤妙于气与神凝以为机也。是则所谓中者。岂执于有形之中土哉。且所谓神者。
何也。人生有形。不
搏之谓神。人参能合于人身阴中之阳以生元气。即更合于阳中之阴以化元气。谓非阴阳之不
测不可。谓非阴阳之相搏不可。惟守神以全角。而神之由气而守者。又先至肺及脾。以达余
脏。即就形而指中土以为中也。亦无不可尔。人参入肺。乃能补五脏者。由肺主呼吸。以神
其升降。使元气由地至天。自天归地。循环不息也。（难经曰。脐间动气者。人之元气。呼
吸之门。吴梅坡曰。
气。有一动一静于其间。方启膈间肺动以为呼吸。况经言二阴至肺。且言少阳属肾乎。）呼
吸之气。上统于肺。而实下
胸中。出于喉咙。以贯心脉而行呼吸。则此水火同宫。高下相召之元气。以为呼吸者。肺固
下本于肾。而又上主于心。盖以气者火之灵。经所谓五脏舍心者此耳。然则真气（即元气）
即水火同宫阴阳合和之气也。本经云。人参微寒者。独指参之所禀。肺原于肾也。别录又言
微温者。详于参之所合。肺媾于肝也。人身元真。在肾则寒化。其气藏。在心则热化。其气
浮。在肝则温化。其气升。在肺则凉化。其气降。在脾则冲和之化。其气备。夫偏寒偏热者。
水火独至之气也。微温微寒
和之气。（虽胃与心肺在上
寒。则近于温。温不甚温
备冲和之气。而合于脾胃。又何以专言入肺。盖肾之藏者。上合于肝之升。而气乃际于天。
如心之浮者。不合于肺之降。则不际于地。而升降之机息。惟肺为阳中之阴。乃能主持阴中
之阳。
用参宜忌 缪氏云。人参本补五脏真阳之气者也。若夫虚羸 怯。饥饱劳役。努力失血。
以致阳气短乏。陷入阴分。发热倦怠。四肢无力。或中热伤暑。无气以动。或呕吐泄泻。霍
乱转筋。胃弱不纳。脾虚不磨。或真阳衰少。肾气乏绝。阳道不举。完谷不化。下痢清水。
中风失音。产后气喘。小儿慢惊。吐泻不止。痘后气虚。溃疡长肉等证。投之靡不立效。所
不利者。惟是火炎气上。如咳嗽吐痰。吐衄劳瘵。内热骨蒸。阴虚火动之候。又有痧疹初发。
斑点未形。伤寒始作。邪热方炽。若误投之。鲜克免者。李月池云。凡人面白面黄面青黧悴
The *Chunqiu Yundou Jing* records: The energy of the Yaoguang Star (the seventh star of the Big Dipper) dissipates and transforms into Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra (Ren Shen), hence it is called "Divine Grass". The *Ginseng Praise* states: Ginseng has three forks and five leaves, facing away from the sun and towards the shade. Those who wish to seek me are trees seeking each other. (Ginseng grows mostly in deep mountains in shaded, moist areas near trees). Sprouts emerge in spring, flowers appear in March and April. (Flowers are small like millet grains, filamentous, purple-white in color). Fruits form after autumn. (Seven or eight per plant, size like soybeans, green when growing, red when ripe, falling naturally). Roots dug in autumn and winter are solid; those dug in spring and summer are hollow and soft. In the past, Purple Group Ginseng from Shangdang, Luzhou, was mostly used, produced in Zitu Mountain, slightly purple and flattened. There is also Paekje Ginseng, white, hard and round, called Tiao Shen. (Commonly known as Sheep Horn Ginseng). Liaodong Ginseng is yellow and lustrous, slender with rootlets. (Commonly known as Yellow Ginseng). Dusheng Ginseng is close to purple, body void. Xinluo Ginseng is slightly yellow, taste thin. Shapes resembling humans possess divine efficacy, shapes resembling chicken legs have great strength. (Comment by Jiamo). What is used today are all Liaodong Ginsengs. Goryeo, Paekje, and Xinluo belong to Korea; their ginseng still comes to China for trade. Liaodong Ginseng with skin is yellow and lustrous, color similar to Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng); peeled Liaodong Ginseng is hard and white like powder. Forgers often use roots of Adenophora Root (Shashen), Glehnia Root (Qini), and Platycodon Root (Jiegeng) to counterfeit them. However, Adenophora Root is void without a pith and tastes bland; Glehnia Root is void without a pith; Platycodon Root is solid with a pith and tastes bitter. Ginseng is solid with a pith, tastes sweet, slightly bitter, with a lingering aftertaste. There are many other methods of forgery; one must examine carefully. (Comment by Binhu).
Ginseng root tastes sweet and slightly bitter, nature is slightly cold and slightly warm. (Slightly cold refers to the coldness of spring; slightly warm also refers to the warmth of spring. Shen Nong's *Ben Cao Jing* states its endowment is slightly cold; *Ming Yi Bie Lu* discusses its functions and says slightly warm. Although cold and warm differ, both emphasize "slightly", meaning is consistent). Raw use has a cool nature, cooked use has a warm nature. Sweet taste tonifies Yang, slight bitterness tonifies Yin. Bitter, sweet, and warm combined can tonify Yin within Yang and Yang within Yin. (Qi governs the generation of things, originating from Heaven; Taste governs the formation of things, originating from Earth. The generation of Qi and Taste reflects the creation of Yin and Yang. Coolness is the clear and肃 (solemn) air of high autumn, belonging to Yin of Heaven, nature descending; Warmth is the generating air of early spring, belonging to Yang of Heaven, nature ascending. Sweetness is the taste transformed by damp earth, belonging to Yang of Earth, nature floating; Slight bitterness is the taste generated by Fire and Earth, belonging to Yin of Earth, nature sinking). Qi and Taste are both thin. (For thin Qi, raw use descends, cooked use ascends; for thin Taste, raw use ascends, hot use descends. For diseases of Spleen deficiency with Fire hyperactivity, it is suitable to use the thin cool Qi of raw Ginseng to drain Fire and tonify Earth, which is purely using its Qi. For diseases of Spleen deficiency and Lung weakness, it is suitable to use the sweet-warm Taste of cooked Ginseng to tonify Earth and generate Metal, which is purely using its Taste). Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. (Ginseng benefits Yuan Qi; Lung and Spleen receive it first, then it enters the Five Zang organs. Since all Five Zang are entered, all deficiencies are tonified, and its effects cannot be limited by simple categories. Moreover, some symptoms are the same but some are tonifiable while others are not; for the same symptom, some stages are not tonifiable while later stages are. It is difficult to determine which symptoms must use Ginseng. One should study various theories and apply them flexibly to maximize its efficacy). Mainly treats tonifying the Five Zang. (Ginseng grows facing away from sun and towards shade, thus entering the Five Zang, following the principle of similarity. Human Wei Qi travels in Yang channels during the day leading to wakefulness, and enters the Five Zang at night leading to sleep. For those severely ill and panicked, unable to sleep, Ginseng brings peace upon ingestion, which is clear evidence of entering Zang to nourish Yin). Calms Spirit, stabilizes Hun and Po, stops palpitations, opens the heart and benefits intelligence. (Heart stores Shen, Liver stores Hun, Lung stores Po, Kidney stores Jing and Zhi, Spleen stores Yi and Zhi. Heart and Kidney deficiency leads to unsettled Spirit; Liver and Lung deficiency leads to unstable Hun and Po. Palpitations are diseases of Heart and Spleen meridians. When Heart and Spleen Qi is strong, Heart orifices are open, thought is clear, and wisdom deepens). Long-term use lightens the body and prolongs life (*Ben Jing*). Regulates and protects the Middle Jiao and guards the Spirit, treats Spleen and Stomach Yang deficiency, opens Stomach Qi, treats Lung Qi deficiency with rapid breathing, shortness of breath, tonifies and soothes the Middle Jiao, unblocks blood vessels, can restore Yang Qi at the brink of extinction, and expel deficient pathogens in an instant. (Made into paste for consumption, it restores Yuan Qi from non-existence. Suitable for post-illness Qi deficiency and Lung deficiency cough. If Qi deficiency with Fire, combine with Asparagus Root Paste). Treats five labors and seven injuries, deficiency and damage, cold Qi in intestines and stomach, drum-like pain in heart and abdomen, fullness and rebellion in chest and diaphragm, weak phlegm and vomiting, eliminates phlegm in chest, drains Fire pathogen in Heart, Lung, Spleen, and Stomach, stops thirst and generates fluids. (Recorded in various Materia Medica). Tonifies Yuan Qi in Lung; when Lung Qi is vigorous, Qi of the four other Zang organs becomes vigorous, Essence generates naturally and form becomes robust, because Lung governs all Qi. Zhang Zhongjing's method: For patients with fever after sweating, blood loss, deep and slow pulse, diarrhea with cool body, faint pulse, and blood deficiency, add Ginseng. Ancients believed that in blood loss, one should benefit Qi, so Ginseng is used for tonifying Qi, and also for blood deficiency. (Comment by Dongyuan). Ginseng tonifies Yang of Five Zang, Adenophora Root tonifies Yin of Five Zang. Although both tonify Five Zang, one must use herbs specific to each Zang as assistants and guides. (Comment by Haizang). Use Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai) to assist Ginseng. (Comment by Dongyuan). Treats Ministerial Fire invading Spleen, with fever and irritability, high Qi and asthma, headache and thirst, surging and large pulse, combined with Ophiopogon Root (Maidong) and Schisandra Berry (Wuweizi) to form Shengmai San. (Sun Simiao's Formula). Treats Summerheat injuring Yuan Qi in summer, causing profuse sweating and potential flaccidity syndrome, these all tonify Tianyuan True Qi, not tonifying Heat-Fire. The Classic says: Yin deficiency leads to lack of Qi, lack of Qi leads to death. Essentially, human True Yang rises from Yin, just as Earth Qi rises to become clouds; rising of Yang is rising of Yin. True Yin descends from Yang, just as Heaven Qi descends to become rain; descending of Yin is descending of Yang. Five Zang belong to Yin, yet it says tonifying Yang of Five Zang, actually it means tonifying Yang within Yin. True Yang rises from Yin, True Yin descends from Yang, then Heaven and Earth interact and Ying and Wei flow smoothly to nourish the body. Ginseng contains Yin within Yang, fitting Yang-within-Yin interacting with Yin-within-Yang to greatly benefit True Yuan, thus restoring Yuan Qi from non-existence and tonifying Tianyuan True Qi. With Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma) as guide, tonifies Upper Jiao Yuan Qi, drains Fire in Lung; with Poria (Fuling) as guide (best combined with Rehmannia Root (Shudi)), tonifies Lower Jiao Yuan Qi, drains Fire in Kidney; with Ophiopogon Root (Maidong) forms Shengmai San; with Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) tonifies Qi. (Comment by Jiegu). Combined with Astragalus Root (Huangqi) tonifies exterior deficiency; combined with Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu) assists Spleen and Stomach; with Ziziphus Seed (Zaoren), Longan Aril (Longyanrou), White Peony Root (Shaoyao), Licorice Root (Gancao), and Jujube (Dazao) tonifies Spleen Yin; with Baizhu, Fuling, Honey-fried Licorice (Zhigancao), Quince (Mugua), and Agastache Herba (Huoxiang) stops deficiency irritability; with Baizhu, Huangqi, and Shaoyao treats spontaneous sweating; with Huangqi, Shaoyao, and Wuweizi treats excessive sweating leading to Yang collapse; with Agarwood (Chenxiang) and Shaoyao treats deficiency of True Qi failing to return to origin, causing chest and hypochondriac fullness; with Fuling, Polygala Root (Yuanzhi), Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit (Yizhiren), Zaoren, and Maidong treats trance and palpitations, unstable Hun and Po; with Chenxiang and Fu Shen treats heart deficiency with pathogen invasion causing pain; with Realgar (Xionghuang), Rhinoceros Horn (Xijiao - note: banned/protected species, historically used), Bamboo Slurry (Tianzhuhuang), Uncaria Ramulus (Gouteng), Cinnabar (Zhusha), Pearl (Zhenzhu), Fu Shen, and Yuanzhi treats convulsions; with Aconite Root (Fuzi), Baizhu, Shaoyao, Gancao, and Fuling treats slow convulsion and slow spleen wind; with Huangqi, Asparagus Root (Tiandong), Wuweizi, Achyranthes Root (Niuxi), Goji Berry (Gouqi), Shi Chang Pu, treats stroke with inability to speak, Kidney Qi decline, impotence, using Ginseng as Sovereign herb, adding Deer Antler (Lurong), Morinda Root (Bajitian), Cistanche Stem (Rongshao), Wuweizi, Cuscuta Seed (Tusizi), Cornus Fruit (Shanzhuyu), Rehmannia Root (Dihuang), Maidong, Gouqi, Eucommia Bark (Duzhong), and Biota Seed (Baiziren) as key formula for supporting decline, enabling conception; with Fuzi, Cinnamon Bark (Rougui), Maidong, and Wuweizi treats excessive sexual activity, Yang collapse about to perish, lower body cold; with Fuzi and Wuweizi treats Yang collapse, warms cold in intestines and stomach; with Fuzi, Ganjiang, and Rougui treats cold厥 (Jue) with cyanotic nails, clear urination, curled lying position; with Ganjiang, Baizhu, and Zhigancao treats middle-cold diarrhea, passing undigested food, adding Rougui and Fuzu if severe; with Baizhu and Evodia Fruit (Wuyu) treats chronic Spleen diarrhea; Sovereign herbs Wuweizi, Wuyu, Morinda Root (Guzhi), and Myristica Seed (Roukou) treat Kidney diarrhea; with Shaoyao and Zhigancao treats blood deficiency with drum-like pain in heart and abdomen; Sovereign herbs Wuweizi and Maidong treat Lung deficiency with asthma; taken in summer, benefits Qi, clears heat, stops thirst; adding Baizhu treats summerheat injuring Qi and fatigue; Sovereign herbs Huoxiang, Mugua, and Tangerine Peel (Juhong) treat Stomach deficiency vomiting; for pregnancy vomiting, add Zhu Ru and Loquat Leaf (Pipaye); with Juhong, Mugua, Zhu Ru, Perilla Leaf (Zisu), and Baizhu treats morning sickness and calms fetus, remove Baizhu and Zisu if heat is predominant, add Maidong; with Deer Glue (Lujiao), Duzhong, Dipsacus Root (Xuduan), Angelica Sinensis Root (Danggui), Prepared Rehmannia Root (Shudi), and Fresh Rehmannia Root (Shengdi) treats threatened miscarriage, remove Shengdi and add Sappan Wood (Sumu) for internal injury and blood loss from strain; with Dihuang, Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao), Maidong, Shanzhuyu, Wuweizi, Duzhong, and Xuduan treats metrorrhagia; adding Niuxi, Great Thistle (Daji), and Lujiao treats bloody strangury; with Frankincense (Ruxiang), Zhushua, Egg White (Jizi Bai), and 3 spoons of Ginger Juice mixed well, separately decocting ~1 liang of Danggui thickly, swallowing together, treats dystocia (breech/transverse lie) with miraculous effect; with Sumu, Danggui, and Child's Urine (Tongbian) decocted and taken treats postpartum blood syncope; with Shi Chang Pu and Lotus Seed (Lianrou) in equal parts, decocted in water, treats postpartum aphasia; with Ginger Skin (Jiangpi) each ~1 liang, decocted in water, exposed overnight, taken warm at dawn, treats chronic malaria due to Qi deficiency; with Turtle Shell (Biejia), Qingpi, Dry Resin (Ganqi), Malescent Fly Larva (Mengchong), Rougui, Oyster Shell (Muli), and Belamcanda Rhizome (Shegan) eliminates malaria mass; with Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), Red Yeast Rice (Hongqu), Shaoyao, Talcum (Huashi), Shengma, treats dysentery with abdominal pain and red stool; with Huanglian, Plum Fruit (Wumei), Lianrou, Shengma, Huashi, and Doukou treats persistent dysentery; with Chrysanthemum Flower (Ganju), Gouqi, Dihuang, Danggui, Bupleurum Root (Chaihu), Tribulus Fruit (Jili), and Gancao improves vision; with Huangbai, Huangqi, Baizhu, Maidong, Wuweizi, Shaoyao, Mugua, Coix Seed (Yimi), and Fuling treats flaccidity syndrome; with Acanthopanax Root (Wujapi), Dictamnus Root (Baixianpi), Southern Privet Leaf (Shinan Ye), Dendrobium Stem (Shihu), Gentian Root (Qinjiao), Mugua, Yiyi Ren, Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome (Bixie), Niuxi, Chenxiang, Shi Chang Pu, and Curcuma Rhizomes (Erzhu) treats bi-syndrome; in Baihu Tang, treats heat disease with severe thirst and headache in those with labor-induced Qi injury; in Baidu San, treats exposure to irregular cold qi in Qi-deficient individuals; in Renshen Su Yin, treats wind-cold in Lung-deficient individuals.
Attached Formulas: Ginseng Paste: Use 10 liang of Ginseng, finely sliced, soak in 20 bowls of living water, place in silver or earthenware vessel, slowly decoct over mulberry wood fire to obtain 10 bowls. For Kidney Qi decline and exhaustion with incessant cough, decoct Fresh Ginger and Tangerine Peel, dissolve paste in the soup and take. Zheng Wuyue from Pujiang suffered from dysentery and engaged in intercourse, suddenly fainted and lost consciousness, hand relaxed, eyes dim, spontaneous sweating, urinary incontinence, phlegm rattling in throat like sawing wood, pulse extremely large. This is a syndrome of Yin deficiency and Yang extinction. Quickly decoct a large dose of Ginseng Paste, moxa Qihai acupoint 18 moxibustions, right hand moved, moxa again several times, lips and mouth moved slightly, then gave 1 bowl of paste, after midnight took another 3 bowls, eyes could move, finished 3 jin before speaking and asking for porridge, finished 5 jin before dysentery stopped, fully recovered after 10 jin. This syndrome not only injured Kidney Yin, but True Yang within Yin was also nearly extinct. Recovering through large doses of Ginseng Paste shows Ginseng restores Yuan to benefit Yang within Yin. Cold Syndrome with Internal Yin Deficiency: First to restore Yang, Ginseng and Dried Ginger (processed) each 1 liang, Raw Aconite 1 piece, broken into 8 slices, 4.5 sheng water, decoct to 1 sheng, take in one dose, pulse returns and body warms then recovers. This syndrome has Yin pathogen overcoming Yang, using Ginseng to tonify Kidney Yang, combined with Ginger and Aconite to supplement Original Yang to transform Yin pathogen, vastly different from the treatment of Yin deficiency and Yang extinction above. Fatigue after intercourse: Ginseng 7 qian, Tangerine Peel 1 qian, 1.5 bowls water, decoct to 0.8 bowl, take warm before meals, twice daily. This also tonifies Yang within Yin, where Yang within Yin is Yuan Qi. Epigastric Qi Knot: Caused by excessive thinking, Qi fails to circulate on time and knots. Whenever epigastrium feels hard, empty on pressure, always feeling distended, vomiting after eating much, Qi pulling front and back, belching and hiccups persisting, use 1 liang Ginseng, 4 liang Tangerine Peel (peeled), make powder, honey pills sized like wutong seeds, take 50-60 pills with rice water. The former benefits Kidney Yang within Yin, this benefits Heart Yang within Yin, both use Ginseng and Tangerine Peel because Heart and Kidney Yin and Yang house each other, only Ginseng can perfect its root in Yin and Yang, hence no other flavor is needed. But the former uses Ginseng double the amount of Peel to treat fatigue, the latter uses more Peel than Ginseng to move Qi knot. Palpitations and Eye Sweating: This is Heart Qi deficiency. Ginseng 0.5 liang, Danggui 0.5 liang, use 2 pig kidneys, 2 bowls water, boil to 1.5 bowls, take kidneys, slice finely, decoct Ginseng and Danggui with kidney juice to 0.8 bowl, eat kidneys on empty stomach, swallow with juice. Bake residue, make powder, use Chinese Yam powder as paste to make pills size of mung beans, take 50 pills with Jujube tea far from meals, cured in two doses. (Shenji Formula). Kidney... first empty. Ginseng and Danggui equal parts, make powder, use 1 pig kidney, remove membrane, cut small pieces, 3 sheng water, half he Coix seed, 2 scallion whites, boil rice until cooked, take 1 bowl juice. Because rooted in Kidney. Postpartum blood loss, why also tonify Yuan Qi? Because Blood transforms from Yang within Yin, and Yang within Yin originally roots in Yin within Yang. Adding Coix seed and scallion whites: blood loss benefits Spleen, spontaneous sweating benefits Yuan Qi, containing the meaning of transmitting Yang into Yin, allowing stagnant blood to transform and Yin to guard Yang. Panting urgently about to perish, upper Qi wheezing: Ginseng powder, take with water, 1 cun bi, 5-6 times daily effective. Ginseng tonifies Five Zang, Lung receives it first, because Yuan Qi roots in Kidney, governed by Heart, and Lung directs it downwards. Postpartum panting is blood entering Lung orifices, a critical condition. Ginseng powder. Origin of Qi, just add Sumu to transform stagnant blood, allowing Yin to transform and follow Yang. Cholera with vomiting and nausea: Ginseng 2 liang, 1.5 bowls water, decoct to 1 bowl juice, add 1 egg white, decoct again. True Yang of Yuan Qi like Ginseng is considered descending. But descending of Yuan Qi originates from ascending, so use Egg White resembling Heaven, lifting clear Yang to float up, acting as ascending Earth, harmonizing rebellious Qi to descend. Reverse vomiting, food vomited immediately upon entry, weak and powerless, dying: Shangdang Ginseng 3 liang, crushed, 1 sheng water, decoct to 0.4 sheng, take hot, twice daily. Also use Ginseng juice, cook with Millet, Egg White, and Scallion White into porridge to eat. (Formula from Li Jiang's Military Collection, he often said...). Powder 2 qian, Raw Aconite 0.5 fen, Fresh Ginger 2 qian, no desire to eat, Fresh Ginger 0.5 jin extract juice, White...
[Discussion] *Ben Jing* mentions Ginseng first regarding tonifying Five Zang, because it tonifies Yuan Qi. Yuan Qi originates from Yang within Yin. Ginseng, produced facing away from sun and towards shade, harvested in autumn and winter, is not Yang emerging from Yin? Only rooting in Yang within Yin and combining with Kidney, further entering Yang within Yin and combining with Lung, thus combining with the arrival of Two Yin at Lung, returning to its origin and source, so it can restore Yang Qi at the brink of extinction and expel deficient pathogens instantly. Regarding Qi tonifying Five Zang, it must first... Spleen, especially capable of Stomach moving Qi in Three Yin and Three Yang meridians. Knowing Stomach Yang Qi must root in Spleen Yin Qi, then Lung originates from Yang within Yin, entering Yang within Yin, only then Yin and Yang combine to generate Qi, Yin and Yang harmonize for Qi to flow smoothly, this meaning can be understood. Humans have form, form stands on Qi, Five Zang are masters of form, Yuan... accompanies Qi, keeping Spirit inside. (Classic says: Losing Spirit means death, gaining Spirit means life. What is Spirit? Said: Blood and Qi harmonized, Ying and Wei connected, Five Zang house Heart, Hun and Po... recruiting the merit of Ginseng, then what... also mainly treats labor injury, deficiency, damage, all deficiency syndromes in men and women, benefiting form through Five Zang.) Form does not leave Qi, Spirit does not leave form, Zhen Quan said Ginseng can guard Spirit, this is the reason. *Bie Lu* says regulating Middle, Zhen Quan says protecting Middle, Ri Hua says treating Qi first mentions regulating Middle, Jiegu says tonifying and soothing Middle. Does "Middle" refer specifically to Central Earth? Referring to Central Earth, it must be the Middle of Form and Qi. But this herb protecting Middle, with "guarding Spirit", transcends form. Classic says: Rooted in Middle is called Shen Ji (Spirit Mechanism). Here "Middle" combines with the five middles of Zang division, this "Ji" is particularly subtle in Qi and Spirit condensing into mechanism. Thus, is "Middle"執着于有形之中土 (attached to tangible Central Earth)? And what is "Spirit"? Humans have form... collision is called Spirit. Ginseng combines with Yin-within-Yang in human body to generate Yuan Qi, then combines with Yang-within-Yin to transform Yuan Qi, saying it is unpredictable Yin and Yang, saying it is colliding Yin and Yang. Only guarding Spirit completes the corner, and Spirit guarded by Qi first reaches Lung and Spleen, then reaches other Zang, pointing to Central Earth as Middle based on form, also acceptable. Ginseng entering Lung enables tonifying Five Zang, because Lung governs respiration, spiritualizing its ascending and descending, making Yuan Qi go from Earth to Heaven, return from Heaven to Earth, circulating endlessly. (*Nan Jing* says: Moving Qi in umbilical area is Human Yuan Qi, gate of respiration. Wu Meipo says: Qi has movement and stillness within, opening Diaphragm-Lung movement for respiration. Moreover, Classic says Two Yin arrives at Lung, and Shaoyang belongs to Kidney.) Respiratory Qi is governed upwards by Lung, and actually below... Chest, out through throat, penetrating Heart vessels to conduct respiration, thus this Water and Fire in same palace, high and low calling Yuan Qi, conducting respiration, Lung indeed roots below in Kidney, and governs above in Heart. Because Qi is spirit of Fire, Classic saying Five Zang house Heart is here. Then True Qi (i.e., Yuan Qi) is Water and Fire in same palace, Yin and Yang harmonized Qi. *Ben Jing* says Ginseng slightly cold, uniquely points to Ginseng's endowment, Lung originates from Kidney. *Bie Lu* says slightly warm, details Ginseng's combination, Lung mates with Liver. Human Yuan Zhen, in Kidney becomes cold transformation, Qi hides; in Heart becomes heat transformation, Qi floats; in Liver becomes warm transformation, Qi ascends; in Lung becomes cool transformation, Qi descends; in Spleen becomes balanced transformation, Qi prepares. Extreme cold and extreme heat are unique Qi of Water and Fire. Slightly warm and slightly cold... harmonious Qi. (Although Stomach, Heart, Lung are above... cold, then close to warm, warm not very warm... prepare balanced Qi, combining with Spleen and Stomach. Why specifically mention entering Lung? Because Kidney's hiding combines upwards with Liver's ascending, Qi reaches Heaven; if Heart's floating does not combine with Lung's descending, Qi does not reach Earth, and ascending-descending mechanism stops. Only Lung, as Yang within Yin, can govern Yang within Yin.
Indications and Contraindications for Ginseng Use: Miao Shi said: Ginseng originally tonifies True Yang Qi of Five Zang. For emaciation and timidity, hunger/fullness labor, strain blood loss, leading to Yang Qi shortage, sinking into Yin branch, fever and fatigue, limb weakness, or middle-heat summerheat injury, no Qi to move, or vomiting/diarrhea, cholera with cramps, weak Stomach not accepting, weak Spleen not grinding, or True Yang decline, Kidney Qi exhaustion, impotence, undigested food, watery diarrhea, stroke aphonia, postpartum asthma, pediatric slow convulsion, incessant vomiting/diarrhea, post-smallpox Qi deficiency, ulcer flesh growth etc. syndromes, administering it yields immediate effect. Disadvantageous only for Fire flaming Qi ascending, such as cough with phlegm, hematemesis/hemoptysis, consumptive disease, internal heat bone-steaming, Yin deficiency with Fire stirring. Also for initial eruption of measles/rubella, spots not formed, initial cold damage, pathogenic heat blazing, if mistakenly administered, rarely avoids disaster. Li Yuechi said: Anyone with white, yellow, blue, or sallow complexion...