眼目之疾，本有专科，致病多端，非可枚举。兹因痛病，姑拈虚实两条，以发其凡。
目睛红肿，眵泪多而目中如有沙子者，风火盛也。黄连清火汤主之。
黄连清火汤（自制）
黄连（五分） 元参（一钱五分） 归尾（一钱五分） 赤芍（一钱） 丹皮（一钱五
分） 贝母（二钱） 荆芥（一钱） 防风（一钱） 桑叶（一钱） 蝉衣（一钱）
前胡（一钱） 菊花（二钱） 竹叶（十张） 灯芯（三尺） 芝麻（三钱）
本方以黄连、元参对荆、防，以芝麻、归尾、赤芍、丹皮对蝉衣、前胡、桑、菊，以贝母、竹
叶、灯芯清心火。头痛之火专属肝，眼痛之火，心肝俱有，黄连、归尾、赤芍、丹皮，俱是心肝同治
之药。祖怡注。
目睛不肿，微红羞明，眼珠作痛，此为阴虚夹火，滋阴降火汤主之。
滋阴降火汤（自制）
生地（六钱） 女贞（二钱） 山药（三钱） 丹皮（二钱） 茯苓（二钱）
料豆（三钱） 沙参（四钱） 麦冬（二钱） 贝母（二钱） 杏仁（三钱） 谷精
珠（一钱五分） 蝉衣（一钱） 生石决（六钱打碎）
本方以生地、女贞、料豆、沙参、麦冬滋阴。以茯苓、山药合生地、丹皮，得六味三分之二，滋肾
即所以降火。
以石决、丹皮、谷精、蝉衣清肝明目，作眼痛之引经。杏、贝所以宣肺。眼与五脏皆有关系，而
肝肾是其重心。祖怡注。
Ocular diseases have their own specialized disciplines, and the causes of illness are numerous and cannot be enumerated. Here, focusing on pain conditions, I briefly outline the two main categories of deficiency (Xu) and excess (Shi) to elucidate the general principles.
Redness and swelling of the eyeballs, accompanied by excessive discharge and tearing, with a sensation of sand in the eyes, indicates an excess of wind-fire. The primary formula is Huanglian Qinghuo Tang (Coptis Fire-Clearing Decoction).
Huanglian Qinghuo Tang (Self-made Formula)
Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian, 5 fen)
Scrophulariae Radix (Yuanshen, 1.5 qian)
Angelicae Sinensis Radix Rubra (Guiwei, 1.5 qian)
Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao, 1 qian)
Moutan Cortex (Danpi, 1.5 qian)
Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu, 2 qian)
Schizonepetae Spica (Jingjie, 1 qian)
Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, 1 qian)
Mori Folium (Sangye, 1 qian)
Cicadae Periostracum (Chanyi, 1 qian)
Peucedani Radix (Qianhu, 1 qian)
Chrysanthemi Flos (Juhua, 2 qian)
Bamboo Leaves (Zhuye, 10 leaves)
Juncus Effusus Stamen (Dengxin, 3 chi)
Sesamum Indicum Seed (Zhimai, 3 qian)
This formula pairs Coptidis Rhizoma and Scrophulariae Radix with Schizonepetae Spica and Saposhnikoviae Radix; it pairs Sesamum Indicum Seed, Angelicae Sinensis Radix Rubra, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, and Moutan Cortex with Cicadae Periostracum, Peucedani Radix, Mori Folium, and Chrysanthemi Flos; and uses Fritillariae Bulbus, Bamboo Leaves, and Juncus Effusus Stamen to clear Heart fire. Fire causing headache belongs exclusively to the Liver, whereas fire causing eye pain involves both the Heart and the Liver. Coptidis Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix Rubra, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, and Moutan Cortex are all herbs that treat both the Heart and the Liver simultaneously. (Note by Zuyi)
Absence of redness and swelling in the eyeballs, slight redness with photophobia, and pain in the eyeball indicate Yin deficiency with accompanying fire. The primary formula is Ziyin Jianghuo Tang (Yin-Nourishing Fire-Reducing Decoction).
Ziyin Jianghuo Tang (Self-made Formula)
Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (Shengdihuang, 6 qian)*
Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (Nvzhenzi, 2 qian)
Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shanyao, 3 qian)
Moutan Cortex (Danpi, 2 qian)
Poria (Fuling, 2 qian)
Sojae Semen Nigrum Praeparatum (Liaodou, 3 qian)
Glehniae Radix (Shashen, 4 qian)
Ophiopogonis Tuber (Maidong, 2 qian)
Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu, 2 qian)
Pruni Semen (Xingren, 3 qian)
Euphrasiae Flos (Gujingzhu, 1.5 qian)
Cicadae Periostracum (Chanyi, 1 qian)
Concha Haliotidis (Shijueming, 6 qian, crushed)
*Note: "Shengdi" usually refers to Rehmanniae Radix (raw), but in many modern contexts or specific formulas like this, it may imply prepared or raw depending on context. Given "Ziyin", Sheng Di Huang is standard. I will use Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdihuang).
This formula uses Rehmanniae Radix, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Sojae Semen Nigrum Praeparatum, Glehniae Radix, and Ophiopogonis Tuber to nourish Yin. Poria and Dioscoreae Rhizoma, combined with Rehmanniae Radix and Moutan Cortex, constitute two-thirds of Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia); nourishing Kidney Yin is the method for reducing fire. Concha Haliotidis, Moutan Cortex, Euphrasiae Flos, and Cicadae Periostracum clear the Liver and brighten the eyes, serving as guiding herbs for treating eye pain. Pruni Semen and Fritillariae Bulbus are used to diffuse Lung Qi. The eyes are related to all five Zang organs, but the Liver and Kidney are the central focus. (Note by Zuyi)