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Head

From the hairline at the nape of the neck downwards to the back, the bone length is two and a half cun. (This refers to the distance from the posterior hairline to the third cervical vertebra spinous process where the Dazhui GV14 acupoint is located.)
[Note] The measurement method for the head: From the anterior hairline to the posterior hairline, it is measured as one chi two cun. If the hairline is unclear, measure vertically from the glabella (Yintang EX-HN3) to the Dazhu BL11 bone, measuring as one chi eight cun; this is referred to as the longitudinal inch (Zhi Cun). For the transverse inch (Heng Cun): The distance from the inner canthus to the outer canthus of the eye is taken as one cun. The standards for both longitudinal and transverse measurements of the head are based on this.

Chest and Abdomen

From the laryngeal prominence (Jiehou) down to the center of the Quepen (supraclavicular fossa), the length is four cun. (This refers to the depression in the center of the supraclavicular fossa, which is the location of the Tiantu CV22 acupoint.) From below the Quepen to the middle of the chest, the length is nine cun.
The circumference of the chest is four chi five cun.
The width between the two breasts is nine and a half cun. (It is more appropriate to measure this as eight cun.)
From Zhongwan CV12 downwards to Tianshu ST25, the length is eight cun. (Tianshu is the name of an acupoint belonging to the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, located beside the umbilicus; here it refers to the level of the umbilicus.)
From Tianshu ST25 downwards to the Henggu (pubic bone), the length is six and a half cun; the transverse length of the Henggu is six and a half cun. (The bone below the pubic hair is called Henggu.)
[Note] These are ancient measurements. When compared with the current method of using upper and lower acupoints, they often do not match. It is more appropriate to adopt the later chest and abdominal measurement methods.
The width between the two thighs (Bi) is six and a half cun. (This refers to the space between the two thighs, at the ends of the Henggu bone, commonly known as the groin crease.)
[Note] The measurement method for the chest and abdomen: Longitudinal inches are measured along the midline. Starting from the Tiantu CV22 acupoint in the Quepen, up to the Zhongting CV12 acupoint above the xiphisternal junction, it is measured as eight cun four fen. From below the xiphisternal junction to the center of the umbilicus, it is measured as eight cun. From the center of the umbilicus to the Qugu CV2 acupoint at the pubic symphysis, it is measured as five cun. Transverse inches are measured by the distance between the two nipples, calculated as eight cun. The transverse and longitudinal measurement methods for the chest and abdomen are all based on this.

Back

From the spinal column (Lv Gu) down to the coccyx, comprising twenty-one segments, the total length is three chi. (Lv Gu refers to the spine. The spine is small externally but large internally; humans can bear weight because of the magnitude of this bone. There are twenty-four segments in the spine; the mention of twenty-one excludes the three cervical segments.)
The waist circumference is four chi two cun.
[Note] The measurement method for the back: From Dazhui GV14 to the coccyx, the total length is measured as three chi. The upper seven segments each measure one cun four fen one li, totaling nine cun eight fen seven li; the middle seven segments each measure one cun six fen one li, totaling one chi one cun two fen seven li; the fourteenth segment is level with the umbilicus, and the lower seven segments each measure one cun two fen six li, totaling eight cun eight fen two li. The sum is two chi nine cun nine fen six li, with less than four fen remaining due to unaccounted fractions. Longitudinal inches are based on this standard, and transverse inches use the middle finger proportional inch method.
The internal width of the spinal column is one cun. Whenever it mentions "two rows flanking the spine at one and a half cun" or "three rows flanking the spine at three cun," one must subtract the one-cun width of the spine itself. Therefore, the net distance for the second row is two cun, and for the third row, it is three and a half cun.

Lateral Side

From the Zhu Gu (neck base bone) descending to the invisible part within the axilla, the length is four cun. (Zhu Gu refers to the bone at the root of the neck.)
From below the axilla to the Ji Xie (lesser ribs), the length is one chi two cun. (Ji Xie refers to the false ribs.)
From below the Ji Xie to the Bi Shu (hip pivot), the length is six cun. (The thigh is called Gu. The upper part of the thigh is called Bi Jian. The area below the bone and above the thigh, where the two bones join, is called Bi Shu, corresponding to the Huantiao GB30 acupoint of the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian.)
From below the Bi Shu to the center of the knee, the length is one chi nine cun.
From the upper margin of the Henggu to the upper margin of the Neifu (medial condyle), the length is one chi eight cun. (The edge of a bone is called Lian. The prominent bone beside the knee is called Fu Gu; the medial side is Neifu, and the lateral side is Waifu.)
From the upper margin of the Neifu downwards to its lower margin, the length is three and a half cun. (The upper and lower margins can be palpated.)
From the lower margin of the Neifu [to the next landmark], the length is three and a half cun. (The upper and lower margins can be palpated.)
From the lower margin of the Neifu to the medial malleolus, the length is one chi two cun.
From below the medial malleolus to the ground, the length is three cun.

Limbs

From the shoulder to the elbow, the length is one chi seven cun.
From the elbow to the wrist, the length is one chi two and a half cun. (The middle section of the arm is called the elbow.)
From the wrist to the proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger, the length is four cun. (The junction of the arm and palm is called the wrist.)
From the proximal interphalangeal joint to the tip of the finger, the length is four and a half cun. (The distal segment of the finger is called the proximal interphalangeal joint in this context.)
From below the knee to the lateral malleolus, the length is one chi six cun.
From below the knee to the foot dorsum connection (Fu Shu), the length is one chi two cun. (The popliteal fossa is the bend of the leg. Fu refers to the dorsum of the foot. The knee is anterior, and the popliteal fossa is posterior. Fu Shu refers to the areas where the tibia and foot sole intersect around the anterior and posterior aspects of both malleoli.)
From the Fu Shu downwards to the ground, the length is three cun.
From below the lateral malleolus to the ground, the length is one cun.
The length of the foot is one chi two cun, and its width is four and a half cun.
[Note] Bone measurements are derived from the "Bone Measurements" chapter of the *Ling Shu Jing*. They discuss the lengths of bones and represent ancient standards. However, individuals with larger bones may exceed these standards, while those with smaller bones may fall short; thus, these figures serve only as general guidelines. For measuring the limbs and extremities throughout the body, the middle finger proportional inch method mentioned earlier should be used. Detailed explanations of the proportional inch measurement method can be found in acupuncture and moxibustion texts.