味辛、甘，平、温，无毒。阳也，降也。
《本草》云∶主腰脊痛。补中、益精气，坚筋骨，强志；除阴下湿痒，小便余沥，脚中
酸疼，不欲践地。久服，轻身、耐老。恶蛇蜕皮、玄参。
《日华子》云∶暖，治肾劳，腰脊挛，入药炙用。
气平，味甘，阳也。
《珍》云∶利小便，清肺。
《本草》云∶安五脏，定魂魄，消瘀血，通五淋。杵细用。
《药性论》云∶君。治产后血疹痛。
《日华子》云∶疗蛊毒，壮心，明目磨翳；止心痛。癫邪，破症结。
味苦、辛，阴中之阳。辛、苦，阴也。
《珍》云∶破血润燥。
《本草》云∶郁李根主齿龈肿，龋齿；坚齿，去毒虫。
《药性论》云∶根，治齿痛，宣结气，破积聚。
《日华子》云∶根，凉，无毒，治小儿发热，作汤浴。风 牙，浓煎含之。
气温，味辛，生温、熟寒。有大毒。
《本草》云∶主伤寒，温疟寒热。破症瘕结聚，坚积，留饮痰癖，大腹水胀。荡涤五脏
六腑，开通闭塞。利水谷道，去恶肉，除鬼毒蛊疰邪物，杀虫鱼。疗女子月闭，烂胎，金疮
脓血不利，丈夫阴 。杀斑蝥毒，健脾开胃。
易老云∶斩关夺门之将，大宜详悉，不可轻用。
《雷公》云∶得火则良，若急治为水谷道路之剂，去皮心膜油，生用。若缓治，为消
坚磨积之剂，炒烟去，令紫黑，研用。可以通肠，可以止泄，世所不知也。仲景治百病客忤
，备急圆主之。巴豆、杏仁例，及加减寒热佐使，五色并余例，并见《元戎》。
《珍》云∶去胃中寒湿。
[Eucommiae Cortex (Duzhong)]
Taste: Pungent, Sweet. Nature: Neutral, Warm. Non-toxic. Attribute: Yang. Action: Descending.
*Bencao* states: It primarily treats pain in the lower back and spine. It tonifies the Middle Jiao, benefits Essence and Qi, strengthens sinews and bones, and fortifies the will; it eliminates dampness and itching in the genital area, dribbling of urine, soreness and pain in the feet making one unwilling to tread on the ground. Long-term use makes the body light and delays aging. It is incompatible with Ophichus Skin (Shetuopi) and Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen).
*Rizhizi* states: It is warm in nature, treats Kidney exhaustion (Shenlao), and spinal spasms. For medicinal use, it should be processed by stir-frying with bran or other media (Zhiyong).
[Dianthi Herba (Xuduan)]
Qi: Neutral. Taste: Sweet. Attribute: Yang.
*Zhenzhu Nang* states: It promotes urination and clears Lung heat.
*Bencao* states: It calms the Five Zang organs, stabilizes the Hun and Po, resolves blood stasis, and treats all types of Lin syndrome (Zhoulín). It should be pounded into fine powder for use.
*Xiaoxing Lun* states: It acts as the Sovereign herb. It treats postpartum blood rash pain.
*Rizhizi* states: It treats Gu poison, strengthens the Heart, brightens the eyes and removes nebulae; stops heart pain. It treats mania and evil qi, and breaks up mass formations (Zhengjie).
[Pruni Semen (Yuliren)]
Taste: Bitter, Pungent. Attribute: Yin within Yang. Pungent and Bitter tastes belong to Yin.
*Zhenzhu Nang* states: It breaks blood stasis and moistens dryness.
*Bencao* states: The root of Prunus japonica (Yuligen) primarily treats swollen gums and dental caries; it strengthens teeth and removes toxic insects.
*Xiaoxing Lun* states: The root treats toothache, disperses stagnant Qi, and breaks up accumulations.
*Rizhizi* states: The root is cool in nature and non-toxic. It treats fever in children when decocted for bathing. For wind-induced toothache, decoct strongly and gargle.
[Crotonis Fructus (Badou)]
Nature: Warm. Taste: Pungent. Raw: Warm; Cooked: Cold. Highly toxic.
*Bencao* states: It primarily treats Shanghan (Cold Damage) and Wenlüe (Warm Malaria) with alternating chills and fever. It breaks up mass formations (Zhengzha) and accumulations, hard deposits, retained fluid, phlegm, and distension of the large abdomen. It purges the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, opens blockages, promotes the passage of food and water, removes foul flesh, expels ghost toxins, Gu poison, Zhu evil, and other pathogenic factors, and kills parasites in fish. It treats amenorrhea in women, putrefied fetus, difficulty in pus and blood flow from traumatic wounds, and male genital diseases. It neutralizes Mylabris poison, strengthens the Spleen, and stimulates appetite.
Yi Lao (Zhang Yuansu) said: It is a general who breaches the gates; its use must be examined in detail and it should not be used lightly.
*Leigong Paizhi Lun* states: Fire processing enhances its efficacy. If used for acute treatment as a purgative for the digestive tract, remove the skin, core, membrane, and oil, and use raw. If used for chronic treatment to dissolve hardness and grind down accumulations, stir-fry until smoke appears until it turns purple-black, then grind for use. It can unblock the intestines or stop diarrhea, a fact unknown to the world. Zhang Zhongjing treated various sudden illnesses and Ke Wu (alien pathogenic factors) using Beijiyuan (Emergency Aid Pill). Examples of Crotonis Fructus (Badou) and Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren) usage, along with modifications for cold/heat and assisting/harboring herbs, and the examples of the five colors and others, are all found in *Yuanrong*.
*Zhenzhu Nang* states: It removes cold-dampness from the Stomach.