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[Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori)]
The nature is cold, the flavors are bitter, sour, sweet, and pungent; the sweet flavor is strong while the pungent flavor is weak. It is non-toxic.
It enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian.
Xiang states: It mainly treats internal injury to the middle jiao, emaciation due to five types of laboring damage, tonifies deficiency, benefits qi, clears lung qi [referring to lung qi stagnation or pathogenic factors], stops hemoptysis and thirst due to heat, eliminates edema, and promotes water passages.
Xin states: Sweetness consolidates original qi, while pungency drains excess lung qi.
Bencao states: It treats internal injury to the middle jiao, emaciation due to five labors and six extremes, uterine bleeding with absent pulse, tonifies deficiency, and benefits qi. It removes water-qi from the lungs, treats hemoptysis, thirst due to heat, edema, abdominal fullness, and distension of the skin, promotes water passages, removes Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), and can be used for suturing metallic wounds. If derived from the earth (unprocessed or misused part), it is lethal. Duanmu (Radix Cynanchi Atrati), Maziren (Semen Cannabis), and Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi) act as guiding herbs. Iron and lead are contraindicated.

[Tinglizi (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae)]
The nature is cold, the flavor is bitter. It is non-toxic.
Bencao states: It mainly treats heat conditions, eliminates three types of parasites, and treats eye diseases. It grows in valleys of Henei, and is now common along nearby roads. The tree resembles the parasol tree (Firmiana simplex).

[Lingxiaohua (Flos Campsis)]
This is Flos Campsis.
The nature is slightly cold, the flavor is sour. It is non-toxic.
Bencao states: It mainly treats residual diseases after childbirth in women, uterine bleeding, zheng zha (abdominal masses), blood obstruction, alternating chills and fever leading to emaciation, and calms the fetus. The stems and leaves are bitter and non-toxic; they treat flaccidity and inability to walk (wei jue), and benefit qi.
Ri Hua Zi Bencao states: The root treats body itching caused by wind-heat, you feng (a type of urticaria), and wind-rash. It treats blood stasis and leukorrhea; the flowers and leaves have the same functions. It further states: Flos Campsis treats alcohol toxicity, heat-toxic wind thorns, blood obstruction in women, you feng, uterine bleeding, and leukorrhea.
Yanyi states: It is a woody plant; Ziwuhua (Flos Bignoniae) is this herb. It fears halogenated salty substances.

[Helile (Fructus Chebulae)]
The nature is warm, the flavor is bitter. It is bitter with a sour note, neutral in property, strong in flavor, belongs to Yin, and has a descending action. The bitter flavor is heavy, and the sour flavor is light. It is non-toxic.
Xiang states: It mainly treats abdominal fullness and inability to eat; resolves phlegm, directs qi downward, promotes fluid secretion, breaks up stagnant qi in the chest and diaphragm; treats chronic dysentery with red and white discharge, and intestinal wind. Remove the pit and grind finely for use.
Xin states: The classics say, "When the Lung suffers from rebellious qi, urgently consume bitter substances to drain it, and sour substances to tonify it." Since bitter is heavy and drains qi, and sour is light and cannot tonify the Lung, it is not used in cough medicines. Common names are Hezi and Suifengzi.
Bencao states: It mainly treats cold qi, fullness in the heart and abdomen, and aids digestion. Zhang Zhongjing treated qi dysentery using ten Helile fruits wrapped in flour, roasted in ash fire until the flour turned yellow and cooked. The pit was removed, ground into fine powder, and taken in one dose mixed with gruel drink.
Yanyi states: Persons with qi deficiency should also slowly roast it thoroughly and take small doses. This substance can astringe the intestines yet drain qi, likely due to its bitter and astringent taste. When its fruit is unripe and blown down by the wind, it is called Suifengzi.