《金匮》曰∶妇人得平脉,阴脉小弱,其人渴,不能食,无寒热,名妊娠。于法六十日当有此证。设有
医治逆者,却一月加吐下者,则绝之。
沈尧封曰∶楼全善云∶恶阻谓呕吐恶心,头眩,恶食择食是也。绝之者,谓绝止医药,候其自安也。余
尝治一二妊妇呕吐,愈治愈逆,因思“绝之”之旨,停药月余自安。
朱丹溪曰∶有妊二月,呕吐,眩晕,脉之左弦而弱,此恶阻因怒气所激。肝气既伤,又挟胎气上逆,以
茯苓半夏汤下抑青丸。
《千金》半夏茯苓汤 治妊娠阻病,心中愦闷,空烦吐逆,恶闻食气,头眩,体重,四肢百节疼烦
沉重,多卧少起,恶寒,汗出,疲极,黄瘦。
半夏 生姜(各三十铢) 干地黄 茯苓(各十八铢) 橘皮 旋复花 细辛 人参 芍药 芎 桔梗
甘草(各十二铢)
右十二味 咀,以水一斗,煮取三升,分三服。若病阻,积月日不得治,及服药冷热失候,病变客热烦
渴,口生疮者,去橘皮、细辛,加前胡、知母各十二铢;若变冷下利者,去干地黄,入桂心十二铢;若食
少,胃中虚生热,大便闭塞,小便亦少者,宜加大黄十八铢,去地黄,加黄芩六铢,余根据方服一剂,得下
后消息。看气力冷热增损,更服一剂汤,便急使茯苓丸,令能食,便强健也。忌生冷醋滑油腻。
《千金》茯苓丸 服前汤两剂后,服此即效。
茯苓 人参 桂心(熬) 干姜 半夏 橘皮(各一两) 白术 葛根 甘草 枳实(各二两)
右十味,蜜丸梧子大,饮服二十丸,渐加至三十丸,日三次。
徐蔼辉曰∶《肘后》不用干姜、半夏、橘皮、白术、葛根,只用五物。妊娠忌桂,故熬。
王孟英按∶胎前、产后,非确有虚寒脉证者,皆勿妄投热剂,暑月尤宜慎之。
又治妊娠恶阻呕吐不下食方
青竹茹 橘皮(各十八铢) 茯苓 生姜(各一两) 半夏(三十铢)
右五味,水六升,煮取二升半,分三服。
《千金》橘皮汤 治妊娠呕吐,不下食。
橘皮 竹茹 人参 白术(各十八铢) 生姜(一两) 浓朴(十二铢)
右六味,水七升,煮取二升半,分三服。
沈尧封曰∶费姓妇怀妊三月,呕吐饮食,服橘皮、竹茹、黄芩等药不效。松郡车渭津用二陈汤加旋复花、
姜皮,水煎,冲生地汁一杯,一剂吐止,四剂全愈。一医笑曰∶古方生地、半夏同用甚少。不知此方即《千
金》半夏茯苓汤,除去细辛、桔梗、芎 、白芍四味。
尧封又曰∶呕吐不外肝、胃两经病。人身脏腑,本是接壤,怀妊则腹中增了一物,脏腑机栝,为之不灵,
水谷之精微,不能上蒸为气血,凝聚而为痰饮,窒塞胃口,所以食入作呕,此是胃病;又妇人既娠,则精血
养胎,无以摄纳肝阳,而肝阳易升,肝之经脉夹胃,肝阳过升,则饮食自不能下胃,此自肝病。《千金》半
夏茯苓汤中用二陈,化痰以通胃也;用旋复,高者抑之也;用地黄,补阴吸阳也;用人参,生津养胃也。其法
可谓详且尽矣。至若细辛亦能散痰,桔梗亦能理上焦之气,芎 亦能宣血中之滞,未免升提;白芍虽能平肝
敛阴,仲景法,胸满者去之,故车氏皆不用。斟酌尽善,四剂获安,有以也。
王孟英按∶发明尽致,精义入神。
沈尧封曰∶蔡姓妇恶阻,水药俱吐。松郡医用抑青丸,立效。黄连一味为末,粥糊丸麻子大,每服二
三十丸。
尧封又曰∶肝阳上升,补阴吸阳,原属治本正理。至肝阳亢甚,滴水吐出,即有滋阴汤药,亦无所用,不
得不用黄连之苦寒,先折其太甚,得水饮通,然后以滋阴药调之,以收全效。
王孟英按∶左金丸亦妙。
沈尧封曰∶沈姓妇恶阻,水浆下咽即吐,医药杂投不应。身体骨立,精神困倦,自料必死,医亦束手。一
老妇云∶急停药,八十日当愈。后果如其言。停药者,即《金匮》“绝之”之义也。至八十日当愈一语,岂《金
匮》“六十日当有此证”之误耶?不然,何此言之验也。
尧封又曰∶朱宗承正室,甲戌秋,体倦吐食,诊之略见动脉,询得停经两月,恶阻证也。述前治法,有
效有不效。如或不效,即当停药,录半夏茯苓汤方与之,不效,连更数医。越二旬,复邀余诊。前之动脉
不见,但觉细软,呕恶日夜不止,且吐蛔两条。余曰∶恶阻无碍,吐蛔是重候。姑安其蛔以观动静,用乌梅
丸,早晚各二十丸,四日蛔止,呕亦不作。此治恶阻之变局也,故志之。
Jingui Yaolue (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet) states: In women, if the pulse is generally peaceful but the Yin pulse (pulse felt at the deep position on the cun guan chi positions, often corresponding to the kidney/essence level) is slightly small and weak, and the person experiences thirst, inability to eat, without aversion to cold or fever, this is named pregnancy. According to the method, these symptoms should appear around the sixtieth day. If medical treatment is applied incorrectly, causing the condition to worsen, and after one month vomiting or diarrhea intensifies, one should cease medication (stop using drugs) and wait for self-recovery.
Shen Yaofeng stated: Lou Quanshan said that "Ezu" (Morning Sickness/Pregnancy Nausea) refers to vomiting, nausea, dizziness, aversion to food, or picky eating. "Ceasing medication" means stopping the use of medicine and waiting for the body to settle naturally. I once treated a few pregnant women with vomiting; the more they were treated, the worse it became. Thus, I pondered the meaning of "ceasing medication," stopped prescribing for over a month, and they recovered spontaneously.
Zhu Danxi said: A woman two months pregnant experienced vomiting and dizziness. Her left pulse was wiry and weak. This Ezu was triggered by anger. Since the Liver Qi was injured and further carried upward by the fetal Qi, she was treated with Fuling Banxia Tang (Poria and Pinellia Decoction) followed by Yiqing Wan (Suppress Green Pill).
Qianjin Fang's Banxia Fuling Tang treats pregnancy obstruction disease, characterized by mental restlessness, empty irritability with vomiting and reflux, aversion to food odors, dizziness, heaviness of the body, pain and heaviness in all limbs and joints, excessive sleepiness with little rising, aversion to cold, sweating, extreme fatigue, and sallow emaciation.
Ingredients: Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (each 30 zhu); Gan Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Fuling (Poria) (each 18 zhu); Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Xuanfu Hua (Inulae Flos), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra or Alba), Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 12 zhu).
The above twelve ingredients are crushed, boiled in ten dou of water until three sheng remain, divided into three doses. If the obstruction persists for months without treatment, or if improper hot/cold medication leads to pathogenic heat causing irritability, thirst, and mouth sores, remove Ju Pi and Xixin, add Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix) and Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), each 12 zhu. If it transforms into cold-type diarrhea, remove Gan Dihuang and add Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex), 12 zhu. If food intake is low, stomach deficiency generates heat, stool is blocked, and urine is scant, add Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), 18 zhu, remove Dihuang, add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), 6 zhu. Take one dose according to the formula, then adjust based on bowel movement. Observe strength and cold/heat signs to modify dosage, take another dose of decoction, then urgently administer Fuling Wan (Poria Pill) to restore appetite and strengthen the body. Avoid raw, cold, vinegar, slippery, and greasy foods.
Qianjin Fang's Fuling Wan: After taking two doses of the aforementioned decoction, taking this pill yields efficacy.
Ingredients: Fuling (Poria), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex, processed), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (each 1 liang); Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) (each 2 liang).
The above ten ingredients are made into pills the size of wu zi (wu-tzu seeds) with honey. Take 20 pills with warm water, gradually increasing to 30 pills, three times daily.
Xuaihui noted: Zhouhou Fang does not use Ganjiang, Banxia, Ju Pi, Baizhu, or Gegen, using only five ingredients. Cinnamon is contraindicated in pregnancy, hence the use of processed Guixin.
Wang Mengying commented: For pre- and postpartum periods, unless there is definitive evidence of deficiency-cold pulse and symptoms, do not recklessly administer hot-natured agents, especially in summer.
Another prescription for treating pregnancy Ezu vomiting with inability to eat:
Ingredients: Qing Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taenia), Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (each 18 zhu); Fuling (Poria), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (each 1 liang); Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (30 zhu).
The above five ingredients are boiled in six sheng of water until two and a half sheng remain, divided into three doses.
Qianjin Fang's Jupi Tang treats pregnancy vomiting with inability to eat.
Ingredients: Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taenia), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (each 18 zhu); Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (1 liang); Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) (12 zhu).
The above six ingredients are boiled in seven sheng of water until two and a half sheng remain, divided into three doses.
Shen Yaofeng said: A Mrs. Fei, three months pregnant, vomited food and drink. Medications including Jupi, Zhuru, and Huangqin were ineffective. Che Weijin from Songjiang used Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Powder) plus Xuanfu Hua and Jiangpi (Zingiberis Pericarpium), decocted in water, mixed with one cup of Shengdi juice (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata Juice). One dose stopped vomiting, four doses resulted in full recovery. A physician laughed, saying: It is rare for Shengdi and Banxia to be used together in ancient formulas. He did not know this formula is essentially Qianjin Fang's Banxia Fuling Tang, minus Xixin, Jiegeng, Xiong, and Shaoyao.
Shen Yaofeng further stated: Vomiting primarily involves the Liver and Stomach meridians. The organs and viscera in the human body are adjacent. During pregnancy, an additional entity (the fetus) increases in the abdomen, making the mechanism of the viscera less agile. The essence and qi of food and grain cannot steam upward to transform into blood and qi, instead condensing into phlegm-fluids that obstruct the stomach gate, causing food to induce vomiting upon entry; this is a Stomach disease. Furthermore, upon pregnancy, essence and blood nourish the fetus, leaving insufficient resources to control Liver Yang, causing Liver Yang to rise easily. The Liver meridian runs alongside the Stomach; excessive rising of Liver Yang prevents food from descending into the Stomach; this is a Liver disease. In Qianjin Fang's Banxia Fuling Tang, Erchen Tang components are used to resolve phlegm and unblock the Stomach; Xuanfu Hua is used following the principle of "suppressing what is high"; Dihuang is used to nourish Yin and attract/subdue Yang; Renshen is used to generate fluids and nourish the Stomach. This method is indeed detailed and thorough. Although Xixin can scatter phlegm, Jiegeng can regulate Upper Jiao Qi, and Xiong can promote blood circulation, they may have ascending properties; although Shaoyao can calm the Liver and consolidate Yin, Zhang Zhongjing's method dictates removing it when chest fullness is present; thus, Mr. Che omitted them. The deliberation was perfect, resulting in peace after four doses, which is justified.
Wang Mengying commented: The analysis is exhaustive, and the profound meaning is divine.
Shen Yaofeng said: A Mrs. Cai suffered from Ezu, vomiting both water and medicine. A doctor from Songjiang used Yiqing Wan (Suppress Green Pill), which had immediate effect. Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) alone was powdered, formed into pills the size of hemp seeds using rice paste, with a dose of 20-30 pills each time.
Shen Yaofeng further stated: Rising Liver Yang, treated by nourishing Yin to subdue Yang, is originally the correct principle for treating the root. However, if Liver Yang becomes excessively hyperactive to the point where even a drop of water is vomited, even Yin-nourishing decoctions are useless. One must use the bitter-cold nature of Huanglian to first suppress its excessive intensity. Once fluid metabolism resumes, then Yin-nourishing medicines are used to regulate, achieving complete efficacy.
Wang Mengying commented: Zuojin Wan (Left Metal Pill) is also excellent.
Shen Yaofeng said: A Mrs. Shen suffered from Ezu, vomiting immediately after swallowing any liquid. Various medications failed. She became emaciated as bone, mentally exhausted, believing death was inevitable; doctors were helpless. An old woman said: Stop medication immediately; you will recover in eighty days. The result matched her words. "Stopping medication" is the meaning of "Ceasing" (Jue) in Jingui Yaolue. Regarding the phrase "recover in eighty days," is it an error for "symptoms appear at sixty days" in Jingui Yaolue? Otherwise, why would this statement be so accurate?
Shen Yaofeng further stated: The principal wife of Zhu Zongcheng, in autumn of the Ji Xu year, experienced fatigue and vomiting. Her pulse showed slight arterial characteristics. Inquiry revealed amenorrhea for two months, confirming Ezu. Previous treatments had mixed results. When ineffective, medication should be stopped. I provided the Banxia Fuling Tang formula. It remained ineffective, and several other doctors were consulted. Twenty days later, I was invited again. The previous arterial pulse was gone, replaced by a fine and soft pulse. Vomiting and nausea persisted day and night, and two roundworms were vomited. I said: Ezu itself is not dangerous; vomiting roundworms is a severe symptom. Temporarily calm the roundworms to observe dynamics. Use Wumei Wan (Mume Pill), twenty pills morning and evening. After four days, roundworm vomiting ceased, and general vomiting stopped. This is a variant situation in treating Ezu, so it is recorded.