防己 黄 桂枝（各三两） 茯苓（六两） 甘草（二两）
水六升，煮取二升，分温三服。
王晋三曰∶余治太阳腰髀痛，审证借用此方，如鼓之应桴。
中满分消汤
半夏（一钱） 浓朴 黄连 黄柏（俱姜制） 川乌 干姜（俱炮开口） 吴萸（炒）草豆蔻（炒研） 木香 人
参（各五分） 茯苓 泽泻（各一钱半） 生姜（五片）
水煎，稍热服。大忌房劳、生冷、炙 、酒、面、糟醋、盐酱等物。身热，脉浮，喘满，有表证，加麻黄五分。血
虚至夜烦热，加归身、黄 各五分。阳气下陷，便溺赤涩，加升麻、柴胡各三分。脾气虚弱，饮食不磨，去黄柏，加益
智仁、荜澄茄、青皮各二分。
中满分消丸
浓朴 半夏 黄连（俱姜汁炒） 黄芩 枳实 白术（同枳实拌湿炒焦） 干生姜 茯苓 猪苓 泽泻 人参（各
五钱） 甘草（炙，一钱），汤浸蒸饼为丸，梧子大。每服百丸，沸汤下。脾胃气滞，食积胀满，加陈皮、砂仁各五钱。
经脉湿滞，腹皮 臂痛不可拊者，加片子姜黄一钱。肺热气化不行，溺闭喘渴者，加知母三钱。
张路玉曰∶东垣分消汤、丸，一主温中散滞，一主清热利水，原其立方之旨，总不出《内经》平治权衡，去菀陈 ，
开鬼门，洁净府等法。其汤方主中满寒胀，乃下焦阴气逆满，抑遏中焦阳气，有似乎阴之象，故药中虽用乌头之辛热，
宣布五阳，为辟除阴邪之向导，即用连、柏之苦寒以降泄之。苟非风水肤胀，脉浮，证起于表者，孰敢轻用开鬼门之法，
以鼓动其阴霾四塞乎。丸方主中满热胀，用黄芩之轻扬以降肺热，则用猪苓、泽泻以利导之。故专以洁净府为务。无事
开鬼门、宣布五阳等法也。
小青龙汤
麻黄（去节） 芍药 细辛 干姜 甘草（炙） 桂枝（各三两） 五味子 半夏（各半升）
水一斗，先煮麻黄汤减二升，去上沫，内诸药，煮取三升，去滓，温服一升。
徐洄溪曰∶此方专治水气。盖汗为水类，肺为水源，邪汗未尽，必停于肺胃之间，病属有形，非一味发散所能除，
此方无微不到，真神剂也。
木防己汤
木防己（三两） 桂枝（二两） 人参（四两） 石膏（如鸡子大，二枚）
水六升，煮取二升，分温再服。虚者即愈，实者复发，去石膏，加茯苓、芒硝。
尤拙吾曰∶防己，桂枝，一苦一辛，并能行水气而散结气。而痞坚之处，必有伏阳。吐下之余，定无完气。书不尽
言，而意可会也。故又以石膏治热，人参益虚，于法可谓密矣。其虚者，外虽痞坚，而中无结聚，即水去气行而愈。其
实者中实有物，气暂行而复聚，故三日复发也。去石膏加芒硝者，魏伯乡云以其既散复聚，则有坚定之物留作包囊，故
以坚投坚而不破者，即以软投坚而即破也。加茯苓者，亦引饮下行之用耳。
邹润安曰∶防己之茎如木，故名木防己。后世以其出汉中，因又名汉防己，非二物也。如仲圣但以防己名汤，则曰
木防己汤。连他物以名汤，则除去木字，以便称谓耳。后人以茎为木，以根为汉，及治风治水之分，均属臆断。
藿香正气散
浓朴 陈皮 桔梗 白术 半夏（各二两） 大腹皮（换槟榔亦可，或用苍术） 白芷 茯苓 苏叶 藿香（各三
两） 甘草（炙，一两）
为粗末。每服三钱，姜三片，枣一枚，煎热服。汪按∶《兰台轨范》无白术。
不换金正气散
苍术（泔浸去皮，麻油拌，炒黄，四两） 浓朴（去皮姜汁，炒） 陈皮（去白） 甘草（炙，各三两） 藿香 半
夏（各二两）
为粗末。每服三钱，水煎温服。或加香豉。
雄按∶二方皆治风寒外感，食滞内停，或兼湿邪，或吸秽气，或伤生冷，或不服水土等证，的是良方。若温暑热证，
不兼寒湿者，在所切禁。今人谓其统治四时感证，不审病情，一概乱用，殊可笑也。
六和汤
香薷（二两） 人参 茯苓 甘草（炙） 扁豆 浓朴（姜制） 木瓜 杏仁（去皮尖） 半夏（各一钱） 藿香 砂
仁（炒研，各六分） 生姜（三片） 大枣（一枚）
水煎，热服。一方无香薷，有白术。汪按∶宜用香薷为暑月受凉闭汗故表之也。
雄按∶此亦治暑月外感风寒，内伤生冷之剂。香薷饮之方不一，主治略同。皆非治暑之药也，用者辨之。
五积散
苍术 浓朴 陈皮 甘草 麻黄 桂枝 炮姜 半夏 茯苓 枳壳 桔梗 芍药 当归 川芎 白芷 生姜 葱白
为粗末。每服三钱，水煎服。汪按∶麻黄亦为闭汗而设。
雄按∶此治外受寒湿，内挟冷食之剂。
益黄散
陈皮 青皮（下食入太阴之仓） 丁香（去脾胃中寒，各二钱） 诃子肉（五钱，能开胃消食止痢） 甘草（炙，
三钱）
为末。每服一二钱，水煎。钱仲阳用治脾土虚寒，呕吐泄泻。汪按∶徐洄溪谓诃子肉水煎涩难入口。此方似宜末服。
不必水煎。
又益黄散
人参 陈皮（去白，各一钱） 黄 （二钱） 生甘草 炙甘草（各五分） 芍药（七分） 黄连（少许）
为末。每服二钱，水一杯，煎五分服。李东垣用治慢脾风。
星附六君汤
即六君子汤、四君子加陈皮半夏是也。加制南星、白附子。
附连香饮（佚）
俟考
雄按∶本论主治热气深伏，烦渴呕逆，必以黄连之苦降泄热为君。或谓即香连丸，则木香与火升作呕者，非所宜也。
若寒呕，则石莲丁香饮甚妙。
黄连竹茹橘皮半夏汤
药即汤见。
雄按∶此方于橘皮竹茹汤，去生姜之温、甘草之甘，加黄连之苦寒，以降诸逆冲上之火。半夏之辛开，以通格拒搏
结之气。用治呕哕，其效如神。
来复丹
太阴元精石 舶上硫黄 硝石（各一两，用硫黄为末微火炒结成砂子大） 橘红 青皮（去白） 五灵脂（澄去砂，
炒令烟尽，各二钱）
为末，醋糊丸，豌豆大。每服三十丸，白汤下。
七香饼
香附 丁香皮（各一两二钱） 甘松（八钱） 益智仁（六钱） 砂仁 蓬术 广皮（各二钱）
为末，神曲糊调匀，捏成饼子。每重一二钱，干之，用时杵碎，水煎服。
平胃散
茅山苍术（去粗皮，米泔浸，五两） 紫浓朴（去皮，姜汁炒） 陈皮（去白，各三两二钱） 甘草（炙，二两）
为末。每服二钱，水一盏，姜一片，同煎七分，温服。
柯韵伯曰∶《内经》以土运太过曰敦阜，其病腹满。不及曰卑监。其病留满痞塞。三承气汤，调胃土之敦阜。此方平
胃土之卑监也。培其卑者而使之平，非削平之谓。犹温胆汤用凉剂而使之温，非用温之调也。
雄按∶柯氏此论，虽已超越前贤，而义犹未畅也。三承气汤，调胃土之敦阜韪矣。若卑监者，乃是脾德有惭，土不
胜湿，健运失职，阳气不升，非胃病也。夫脾字从卑，原为阴土，其性恶湿，燥补相宜，既知脾湿去而不滞，脾得补而
健运。则是方也，乃调脾土之卑监而名曰平胃者，以脾气健而升，则胃自平而降耳。本非削平之谓也。
胃苓汤
即平胃合五苓也。
桃核承气汤
桃仁（五十个，去皮尖） 大黄（四两） 甘草 桂枝 芒硝（各二两）
水七升，煮取二升半，去滓；内芒硝，更上火，微沸，下火，先令温服五合，日三服。当微利。徐云∶微利则仅通
大便，不必定下血也。
徐洄溪曰∶热甚则血凝而上干心包，故神昏而如狂。血得热而行，苟能自下，则邪从血出，亦能自愈。但小腹急结，
是蓄血见证，宜此主之。邹润安曰∶瘀血一证，《伤寒论》《金匮要略》论之最详。大凡已见热标，而无热证。脉无热象
者，瘀也。有所阻则应有所不通，有所阻而气化仍通者，瘀也。并无所阻，而自谓若有所阻者，瘀也。有燥象而不渴，
不应渴而反渴者，瘀也。盖气以化而行，血以行而化，气已行而结者，犹结，则非气病。况血应濡而不濡，实非枯而似
枯。是非有瘀，何由得此哉？
雄按∶余治李氏妇，崩后溺涩。暨顾氏妇，产后小便不通，皆以瘀行而愈。可见病机多幻，虽圣人亦有所不能尽也。
故许知可治毗陵贵妇，用桃仁煎而愈。古之人有行之者矣。王清任论病专究瘀血，即叶氏所云病久入络，义皆本于仲景
也。
白虎加桂枝汤
石膏（一斤） 知母（六两） 甘草（炙，二两） 粳米（二合） 桂枝（三两
锉）。每服五钱，水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓，温服，汗出愈。
邹润安曰∶或问，桂枝与白虎，寒热天渊，安可兼用？且论中谆谆以表不解，禁用白虎，既可兼用，则何不加此，
而必待表解乎？曰表不解不可与白虎条，上文言脉浮、发热无汗，乃麻黄证，非特不得用白虎，且不得用桂枝矣。白虎
证者脉大也，汗出也，烦渴欲饮水也。三者不兼即非是。今云其脉如平，身无寒，但热，时呕，皆非白虎证，亦未必可
用桂枝。特既与白虎，则三者必具，再加骨节烦疼之表，则无寒不得用柴胡，有汗不得用麻黄，热多又不得用附子。不
用桂枝和营通络而谁用者，且古人于病有分部，非如后世多以阴阳五行生克为言。
雄按∶因此遂成议药不议病之世界，
积重难返，奈何？伤寒有伤寒用药之例，温疟有温疟用药之例。盖伤寒自表入里，故有一毫未化之寒，即不可与全入者
并论，温疟自内出外，里既全热，但有骨节烦疼一种表证，即不得全认为热而单用白虎，故必兼桂枝使之尽化，而顷刻
致和矣。
四兽饮
即六君子汤加草果为散。每服四五钱，生姜三片，盐少许，乌梅一个，水煎服。
露姜饮
人参 生姜（等分）
阴阳水煎，去滓，露一宿；再煎数沸，温服。
叶香岩曰∶疟疾之发，由于受暑者多，若骤用温补截之，为害不浅。松江赵嘉柱，疟发数次，用此法变血痢而死。
雄按∶此方必邪衰正馁而缠绵不已者，始可用以截之。白露降而炎暑消，故取秋露以涤余邪。若秋前露自地升，不
能取也。
鳖甲煎丸
鳖甲（十一分，炙） 乌扇（即射干，烧） 鼠妇（熬） 干姜 黄芩 大黄 桂枝 石苇（去毛） 浓朴 紫葳 阿
胶（各三分） 柴胡 蜣螂（熬，各六分） 芍药 牡丹皮 虫（熬，各五分） 葶苈（熬） 半夏 人参（各一分）
瞿麦 桃仁（各二分） 蜂窠（四分，炙） 赤硝（十二分）
为末，取 灶下灰一斗，清酒一斛五斗，浸灰。俟酒尽一半，着鳖甲于中，煮令泛烂如胶漆，绞取汁。内诸药煎，
为丸，如梧子大。空心服七丸，日三服。雄
按∶凡用介类之药入丸剂，皆当仿此圣法，庶无流弊。
王晋三曰∶鳖甲煎丸，都用异类灵动之物。若水陆飞潜，升者、降者、走者、伏者咸备焉。但恐诸虫扰乱神明，取
鳖甲为君守之。其泄厥阴破 瘕之功，有非草木所能比者。阿胶达表息风，鳖甲入里守神，蜣螂动而性升，蜂房毒可引
下， 虫破血，鼠妇走气。葶苈泄气闭，大黄泄血闭。赤硝软坚，桃仁破结。乌扇降厥阴相火，紫葳破厥阴血结。干姜
和阳退寒，黄芩和阴退热。和表里则有柴胡、桂枝，调营卫则有人参、白芍。浓朴达原，劫去其邪。丹皮入阴，提出其
热。石苇开上焦之水，瞿麦涤下焦之水。半夏和胃而通阴阳。灶灰性温走气，清酒性暖走血。统而论之，不越厥阴阳明
二经之药。故久疟邪去营卫而着脏腑者，即非疟母亦可借以截之。《金匮》惟此方与薯芋丸药品最多。皆治正虚邪着，久
而不去之病。非汇集气血之药，攻补兼施，未易奏功也。
雄按∶有形 瘕，按之不移者，即非疟母，亦可借以缓消。
六神汤
即四君子汤加山药、扁豆。
雄按∶二陈汤去甘草，加旋复花、石菖蒲、胆南星，亦名六神汤，治癫狂昏厥诸痰证，极效。
三黄汤
黄连（酒煮） 黄芩（酒炒） 大黄（酒浸，各等分）
《金匮》倍大黄名泻心汤。
麻沸汤二升渍之，须臾绞去滓，分温再服。为末，炼白蜜丸，梧子大，名三黄丸。去大黄，加黄柏等分煎，名金花
汤。更加栀子，名栀子金花汤（即黄连解毒汤）。为末，蜜丸，名金花丸。金花汤为末蜜丸，名三补丸。三黄丸加黄柏等
分，滴水丸，名大金花丸。
张石顽曰∶金花汤止芩、连，柏三味，作丸名三补金花丸。较汤多栀子，作汤名解毒。更加大黄则名大金花汤。汤
丸虽异，功用不殊。但取急攻则用汤，缓祛则用丸。微有区别耳。
甘露消毒丹（一名普济解毒丹）
飞滑石（十五两） 绵茵陈（十一两） 淡黄芩（十两） 石菖蒲（六两） 川贝母 木通（各五两） 藿香 射
干连翘 薄荷 白豆蔻（各四两）
各药晒燥，生研细末见火则药性变热。
每服三钱，开水调服，日二次。或以神曲糊丸，如弹子大，开水化服。亦可。
雄按∶此治湿温时疫之主方也。六元正纪，五运分步，每年春分后十三日交二运。征，火旺，天乃渐温。芒种后十
日交三运。宫，土旺，地乃渐湿。温湿蒸腾，更加烈日之暑，烁石流金，人在气交之中，口鼻吸受其气，留而不去，乃
Fangji (Stephaniae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (each 3 liang), Fuling (Poria), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (6 liang, 2 liang respectively).
Boil in 6 sheng of water, reduce to 2 sheng, divide into three warm doses.
Wang Jinsan said: I treated pain in the waist and thighs due to Taiyang meridian syndrome, borrowing this formula after careful diagnosis, with effects as immediate as a drum responding to a beat.
Zhongman Fenxiao Decoction (Middle Fullness Dispersing Decoction)
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (1 qian), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) (all processed with ginger juice), Chuanwu (Aconiti Radix), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) (all roasted and split open), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) (stir-fried), Caodoukou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix) (each 5 fen), Fuling (Poria), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) (each 1.5 qian), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (5 slices).
Decoct in water, take slightly warm. Strictly avoid sexual intercourse, raw/cold foods, roasted/grilled foods, alcohol, wheat products, vinegar/fermented residues, salt, and soy sauce. If there is body heat, floating pulse, wheezing and chest fullness with exterior syndrome, add Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) 5 fen. If blood deficiency causes night-time irritability and fever, add Danggui Shen (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) and Huangqi (Astragali Radix) each 5 fen. If yang qi sinks causing dark and scanty urination, add Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) each 3 fen. If spleen qi is weak and food is not digested, remove Huangbai, add Yizhiren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus), Bichengqie (Schweinfurthiae Fructus), and Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride) each 2 fen.
Zhongman Fenxiao Pill (Middle Fullness Dispersing Pill)
Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (all stir-fried with ginger juice), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (mixed with Zhishi, moistened, and stir-fried until scorched), Gan Jiang Sheng (Dried Ginger), Fuling (Poria), Zhuling (Polyporus), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Renshen (Ginseng Radix) (each 5 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted, 1 qian). Make pills using steamed wheat dough soaked in decoction, size of wu zi (wattle seeds). Take 100 pills per dose with boiling water. For spleen and stomach qi stagnation with food accumulation and distension, add Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) and Sharen (Amomi Fructus) each 5 qian. For meridian dampness stagnation with abdominal skin and arm pain that cannot be touched, add Pianzi Jianghuang (Curcumae Radix) 1 qian. For lung heat with failed qi transformation causing urinary retention, wheezing, and thirst, add Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) 3 qian.
Zhang Luyu said: Dongyuan's Fenxiao Decoction and Pill, one mainly warms the middle and disperses stagnation, the other mainly clears heat and promotes urination. Investigating their principles, they do not go beyond the methods of "balancing and weighing" from the Neijing, removing accumulated waste, opening the ghost gate (sweating), and purifying the bladder house (diuresis). The decoction treats middle fullness with cold distension, which is reverse fullness of yin qi in the lower jiao suppressing yang qi in the middle jiao, resembling yin symptoms. Thus, although Aconite (Wutou) is used for its acrid-hot nature to announce the five yangs as a guide to dispel yin evil, Lian (Huanglian) and Bo (Huangbai) are also used for their bitter-cold nature to descend and drain. Unless it is wind-water or skin distension with a floating pulse originating from the exterior, who would dare lightly use the method of opening the ghost gate to stir up the four-sided yin mist? The pill treats middle fullness with heat distension, using Huangqin's light and ascending nature to descend lung heat, then using Zhuling and Zexie to promote drainage. Thus, it focuses solely on purifying the bladder house, without needing methods like opening the ghost gate or announcing the five yangs.
Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction)
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) (deprived of joints), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (each 3 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (each half sheng).
Boil in 1 dou of water, first boil Mahuang to reduce by 2 sheng, remove foam on top, add other herbs, boil to obtain 3 sheng, remove dregs, take 1 sheng warm.
Xu Huixi said: This formula specifically treats water qi. Sweat belongs to the category of water, and the lung is the source of water. If pathogenic sweat is not exhausted, it must stagnate between the lung and stomach. The disease is tangible; a single dispersing herb cannot remove it. This formula leaves no detail unaddressed; truly a divine agent.
Mufangji Tang (Wood Stephania Decoction)
Mufangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Caulis), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (2 liang), Renshen (Ginseng Radix) (4 liang), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (size of a chicken egg, 2 pieces).
Boil in 6 sheng of water, obtain 2 sheng, divide into two warm doses. If deficient, it cures immediately; if excess, it recurs. Remove Shigao, add Fuling (Poria) and Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas).
You Zhuowu said: Fangji and Guizhi, one bitter and one acrid, both can move water qi and dissipate knotted qi. Where there is stubborn hardness, there must be hidden yang. After vomiting and purging, the qi is certainly damaged. Books cannot fully express words, but the meaning can be grasped. Therefore, Shigao is used to treat heat, and Renshen to tonify deficiency; the method can be considered meticulous. For those who are deficient, although there is external stubborn hardness, there is no internal aggregation; once water goes and qi moves, it heals. For those who are excess, there is solid matter inside; qi temporarily moves but re-aggregates, so it recurs after three days. Removing Shigao and adding Mangxiao: We Boxiang said that because it scatters and re-aggregates, there is a firm object left as a capsule. Thus, throwing hard at hard does not break it, but throwing soft at hard breaks it immediately. Adding Fuling is also to guide drinking downward.
Zou Run'an said: Fangji's stem is like wood, hence named Mufangji. Later generations called it Hanfangji because it comes from Hanzhong; they are not two different substances. If Zhongjing names the decoction only with Fangji, it is called Mufangji Tang. When naming the decoction with other items, the character "Mu" is removed for convenience. Later people distinguishing stem as Mu and root as Han, and separating treatments for wind and water diseases, are all speculative.
Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Agastache Regulating Qi Powder)
Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (each 2 liang), Dafupi (Arecae Pericarpium) (Binglang may be substituted, or Cangzhu), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Fuling (Poria), Ziye (Perillae Folium), Huoxiang (Agastaches Rhizoma et Radix) (each 3 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted, 1 liang).
Make coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose with 3 slices of ginger and 1 date, decoct and take hot. Wang noted: Lan Tai Gui Fan does not contain Baizhu.
Buhuanjin Zhengqi San (Unchanging Metal Regulating Qi Powder)
Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) (soaked in rice water, peel off, mix with sesame oil, stir-fry until yellow, 4 liang), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) (peeled, stir-fried with ginger juice), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (deprived of white pith), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted, each 3 liang), Huoxiang (Agastaches Rhizoma et Radix), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (each 2 liang).
Make coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in water and take warm. Or add Xiangchi (Sojae Semen Praeparatum).
Wang Shiiong noted: Both formulas treat external contraction of wind-cold with internal food stagnation, or combined with dampness, inhaling foul air, injury from raw/cold foods, or incompatibility with local climate. They are indeed good formulas. However, for warm-summer-heat syndromes not combined with cold-dampness, they are strictly prohibited. Nowadays, people claim they govern all seasonal contractions, using them indiscriminately without examining the condition, which is ridiculous.
Liuhe Tang (Six Harmonies Decoction)
Xiangru (Moslae Herba) (2 liang), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Fuling (Poria), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted), Biandou (Dolichoris Semen), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) (processed with ginger juice), Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) (deprived of skin and tip), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (each 1 qian), Huoxiang (Agastaches Rhizoma et Radix), Sharen (Amomi Fructus) (stir-fried and ground, each 6 fen), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (3 slices), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) (1 piece).
Decoct in water, take hot. One variation has no Xiangru but has Baizhu. Wang noted: Xiangru should be used because cold contracted in summer months closes sweat pores, requiring release of the exterior.
Wang Shiiong noted: This also treats external wind-cold and internal injury from raw/cold foods during summer months. There are various formulas for Xiangru Yin, with similar main indications. None are medicines for treating summer-heat itself; users must distinguish carefully.
Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder)
Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Paojiang (Prepared Ginger), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus).
Make coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in water. Wang noted: Mahuang is also set for closing sweat pores.
Wang Shiiong noted: This treats external contraction of cold-dampness combined with internal cold food.
Yihuang San (Benefit Yellow Powder)
Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride) (directs food into the granary of Taiyin), Dingxiang (Syzygii Flos) (removes cold from spleen and stomach, each 2 qian), Hezi Rou (Terminaliae Chebulae Fructus Flesh) (5 qian, opens appetite, aids digestion, stops dysentery), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted, 3 qian).
Grind into powder. Take 1-2 qian per dose, decoct in water. Qian Zhongyang used it to treat spleen-earth deficiency-cold with vomiting and diarrhea. Wang noted: Xu Huixi said Hezi Rou decocted in water is astringent and hard to swallow. This formula seems suitable for powder form, not necessarily decocted.
Another Yihuang San
Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (deprived of white pith, each 1 qian), Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (2 qian), Sheng Gancao (Raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Zhi Gancao (Roasted Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 5 fen), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) (7 fen), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (a little).
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose with one cup of water, decoct to 0.5 cup and take. Li Dongyuan used it to treat slow spleen wind.
Xingfu Liu Jun Tang (Star and Attachment Six Gentlemen Decoction)
This is Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction), which is Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus Chenpi and Banxia. Add Zhi Nanxing (Arisaematis Cum Bile Rhizoma) and Baifu Zi (Fuliens Semen).
Fu Lian Xiang Yin (Attachment Coptis Fragrant Drink) (Lost)
Await verification.
Wang Shiiong noted: The main indication of this theory is deep-seated heat qi causing irritability, thirst, vomiting, and reversal. Huanglian's bitter descending nature to drain heat must be the sovereign herb. Some say it is Xianglian Wan (Fragrant Coptis Pill); however, Muxiang is not suitable for those with fire rising causing vomiting. For cold vomiting, Shilian Dingxiang Yin (Lotus Seed Clove Fragrant Drink) is excellent.
Huanglian Zhuru Jupi Banxia Tang (Coptis, Bamboo Shavings, Tangerina Peel, Pinellia Decoction)
The ingredients are those mentioned in the previous decoction.
Wang Shiiong noted: This formula, based on Jupi Zhuru Tang, removes the warmth of Shengjiang and the sweetness of Gancao, adds the bitter-cold Huanglian to descend rebellious fire rushing upward. Banxia's acrid opening nature unblocks obstructive and knotting qi. It treats vomiting and hiccups with miraculous effect.
Laifu Dan (Restoring Vitality Pill)
Taiyin Yuanjing Shi (Mineral Gypsum from Taiyin), Boshang Huhuang (Imported Sulfur), Xiaoshi (Nitrums), each 1 liang (Sulfur is ground to powder and stir-fried with slight heat until it forms sand-sized grains). Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride) (deprived of white pith), Wulingzhi (Trogopterori Faeces) (cleared of sand, stir-fried until smoke ceases, each 2 qian).
Grind into powder, make pills with vinegar paste, size of pea. Take 30 pills per dose with plain warm water.
Qixiang Bing (Seven Fragrances Cake)
Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Dingxiang Pi (Syzygii Cortex) (each 1.2 liang), Gansong (Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma) (8 qian), Yizhiren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus) (6 qian), Sharen (Amomi Fructus), Pengzhu (Curcumae Rhizoma), Guangpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (each 2 qian).
Grind into powder, mix evenly with Shenqu paste, shape into cakes. Each weighs 1-2 qian, dry them. When needed, crush and decoct in water to take.
Pingwei San (Calm Stomach Powder)
Maoshan Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) (remove coarse skin, soak in rice water, 5 liang), Zi Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) (peeled, stir-fried with ginger juice), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (deprived of white pith, each 3.2 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted, 2 liang).
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose with one lamp of water and one slice of ginger, decoct together to 0.7 portion, take warm.
Ke Yunbo said: The Neijing states that excessive earth movement is called Dunfu, with symptoms of abdominal fullness. Insufficient earth movement is called Beijian, with symptoms of lingering fullness and obstruction. The Three Chengqi Decoctions regulate the Dunfu of stomach earth. This formula calms the Beijian of stomach earth. Nourishing the low to make it level does not mean cutting it flat. Just as Wendan Tang uses cooling agents to make it warm, it does not mean using warming agents to regulate.
Wang Shiiong noted: Ke's discussion, though surpassing predecessors, is not entirely clear. The Three Chengqi Decoctions regulating Dunfu of stomach earth is correct. As for Beijian, it is a deficiency of spleen virtue, where earth cannot overcome dampness, healthy transport fails, and yang qi does not ascend. This is not a stomach disease. The character "Pi" (Spleen) derives from "Bei" (Low/Humble), originally being yin earth, whose nature dislikes dampness. Drying and tonifying are appropriate. Knowing that removing spleen dampness prevents stagnation, and tonifying the spleen ensures healthy transport, this formula regulates the Beijian of spleen earth but is named Pingwei (Calm Stomach) because when spleen qi is healthy and ascends, the stomach naturally levels and descends. It is not about cutting flat.
Weiling Tang (Stomach-Warding Decoction)
This is Pingwei San combined with Wuling San.
Taohé Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel Descending Qi Decoction)
Taoren (Persicae Semen) (50 kernels, deprived of skin and tip), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (4 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) (each 2 liang).
Boil in 7 sheng of water, reduce to 2.5 sheng, remove dregs; add Mangxiao, heat again until slightly boiling, remove from fire. First take 0.5 sheng warm, three times a day. There should be mild diarrhea. Xu Yun said: Mild diarrhea means only clearing the large intestine, not necessarily evacuating blood.
Xu Huixi said: When heat is severe, blood coagulates and harasses the Pericardium, causing confusion and mania-like behavior. Blood moves with heat; if it can discharge itself, the pathogen exits with the blood, and self-healing occurs. However, urgency and binding in the lower abdomen are signs of stored blood, for which this formula is indicated. Zou Run'an said: Regarding blood stasis syndrome, Shanghan Lun and Jingui Yaolue discuss it most thoroughly. Generally, if heat markers appear but no heat syndrome exists, and the pulse shows no heat image, it is stasis. If there is obstruction causing blockage, but qi transformation still flows, it is stasis. If there is no obstruction but one feels blocked, it is stasis. If there are dry signs but no thirst, or thirst contrary to expectation, it is stasis. Qi moves through transformation, blood transforms through movement. If qi has moved but knots remain, it is not a qi disease. Moreover, blood should nourish but fails to do so, appearing withered when not actually withered. Without stasis, how could this occur?
Wang Shiiong noted: I treated Mrs. Li, who had difficulty urinating after metrorrhagia. And Mrs. Gu, who had postpartum urinary retention. Both were cured by promoting blood circulation. This shows disease mechanisms are often illusory; even sages cannot exhaust them. Thus, Xu Zhike cured a noblewoman in Biling using Taoren Jian (Peach Kernel Decoction). Ancients practiced this. Wang Qingren studied diseases focusing on blood stasis, which aligns with Ye Tianshi's saying that long-standing diseases enter collaterals; both principles originate from Zhongjing.
Baitu Jia Guizhi Tang (White Tiger Plus Cinnamon Twig Decoction)
Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (1 jin), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) (6 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted, 2 liang), Jingmi (Oryza Sativa Germen) (2 he), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (3 liang, crushed). Take 5 qian per dose with 1.5 lamps of water, decoct to 0.8 portion, remove dregs, take warm. Cure when sweat appears.
Zou Run'an said: Someone asks, Guizhi and Baitu have heaven and earth differences in cold and heat; how can they be used together? Moreover, the text repeatedly warns against using Baitu if the exterior is not resolved. If they can be used together, why not add it earlier, waiting only for exterior resolution? The clause "Exterior unresolved, do not give Baitu" refers to floating pulse, fever, and anhidrosis mentioned above, which are Mahuang patterns. Not only can Baitu not be used, nor can Guizhi. Baitu pattern involves large pulse, sweating, and irritability/thirst for water. All three must be present. Now it says pulse is like normal, body has no chills, only heat, occasional vomiting; these are not Baitu patterns, nor necessarily suitable for Guizhi. Specifically, since Baitu is given, the three signs must exist. Adding bone-joint irritability as an exterior sign: without chills, Chaihu cannot be used; with sweating, Mahuang cannot be used; with much heat, Fuzi cannot be used. Who else but Guizhi to harmonize Ying and unblock collaterals? Also, ancients categorized diseases by location, unlike later generations who mostly spoke of yin-yang and five-element generation/restriction.
Wang Shiiong noted: Thus, the world became one of discussing medicine rather than disease, hard to reverse, what can be done? Shanghan has its own medication rules, Wenmang (Warm Malaria) has its own rules. Shanghan enters from exterior to interior, so any residual untransformed cold cannot be discussed together with fully interiorized heat. Wenmang emerges from interior to exterior; since the interior is fully hot, having only one exterior sign of bone-joint irritability does not allow assuming it is purely heat and using Baitu alone. Thus, Guizhi must be added to ensure complete transformation, achieving harmony instantly.
Sishou Yin (Four Beasts Drink)
This is Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) made into powder with Cao Guo (Tsaoko Fructus). Take 4-5 qian per dose with 3 slices of ginger, a little salt, and one Wumei (Mume Fructus), decoct in water.
Lujiang Yin (Dew-Ginger Drink)
Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (equal parts).
Decoct in Yin-Yang water (mix of boiled and unboiled water), remove dregs, leave exposed overnight; decoct again for a few boils, take warm.
Ye Xinyan said: Malaria attacks are mostly due to contracting summer-heat. If sudden warming and tonifying agents are used to stop it, the harm is profound. Zhao Jiazhu from Songjiang suffered malaria several times; using this method turned into bloody dysentery and death.
Wang Shiiong noted: This formula can only be used to stop malaria when pathogenic qi is declining and righteous qi is weak, lingering endlessly. Dew falls at White Dew solar term, and summer heat dissipates, so autumn dew is taken to wash away residual pathogens. Before autumn, dew rises from the ground and cannot be collected.
Biejia Jian Wan (Turtle Shell Building-Up Pill)
Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum) (11 parts, roasted), Wushan (Belamcandae Rhizoma, i.e., Shegan) (burnt), Shufu (Crab) (roasted), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Shiwei (Pyrosiae Folium) (deprived of hairs), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Ziwei (Bignoniae Caulis), Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla) (each 3 parts), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Qianglang (Scarabaeus) (roasted, each 6 parts), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), Jinchong (Eupolyphaga) (roasted, each 5 parts), Tingli (Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen) (roasted), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Renshen (Ginseng Radix) (each 1 part), Qumai (Polygoni Avicularis Herba), Taoren (Persicae Semen) (each 2 parts), Fengke (Apiary Comb) (4 parts, roasted), Chixiao (Natrii Sulfas Depuratum) (12 parts).
Grind into powder. Take 1 dou of ash from the kitchen stove, 1 hu 5 dou of clear wine, soak the ash. Wait until half the wine is consumed, put Biejia in it, boil until it becomes gelatinous like lacquer, squeeze out the juice. Add other herbs and decoct, make pills size of wu zi (wattle seeds). Take 7 pills on empty stomach, three times a day.
Wang Shiiong noted: Whenever shellfish-type medicines are used in pills, one should imitate this sage method to avoid adverse effects.
Wang Jinsan said: Biejia Jian Wan uses diverse agile creatures. Aquatic, terrestrial, flying, and burrowing; ascending, descending, moving, and hiding—all are prepared. But fearing the insects disturb the spirit, Biejia is used as sovereign to guard it. Its function of draining Jueyin and breaking masses is unmatched by herbs. Ejiao reaches the exterior to calm wind; Biejia enters the interior to guard the spirit; Qianglang moves and has ascending nature; Fengke poison can guide downward; Jinchong breaks blood; Shufu moves qi. Tingli drains qi closure; Dahuang drains blood closure. Chixiao softens hardness; Taoren breaks knots. Wushan descends Jueyin ministerial fire; Ziwei breaks Jueyin blood knots. Ganjiang harmonizes yang and retreats cold; Huangqin harmonizes yin and retreats heat. To harmonize interior/exterior are Chaihu and Guizhi; to regulate Ying/Wei are Renshen and Baishao. Houpo reaches the origin, seizing the pathogen. Danpi enters yin, extracting heat. Shiwei opens upper jiao water; Qumai cleans lower jiao water. Banxia harmonizes stomach and connects yin/yang. Stove ash is warm and moves qi; clear wine is warm and moves blood. Summarizing, they do not exceed herbs of Jueyin and Yangming meridians. Thus, for chronic malaria where pathogen leaves Ying/Wei and attaches to zang-fu, even if not Nuomu (Malaria Mass), it can be borrowed to stop it. Only this formula and Shuyu Wan in Jingui have the most ingredients. Both treat deficiency of righteous qi with attached pathogen, lingering and not departing. Without gathering qi-blood herbs and combining attack and tonification, success is unlikely.
Wang Shiiong noted: Tangible masses that do not move upon pressure, even if not Nuomu, can also be slowly dissolved using this.
Liushen Tang (Six Gods Decoction)
This is Sijun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) and Biandou (Dolichoris Semen).
Wang Shiiong noted: Erchen Tang (Two Aged Herbs Decoction) minus Gancao, plus Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flore), Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), and Dantanxing (Arisaematis Cum Bile Rhizoma), is also called Liushen Tang, treating mania, delirium, fainting, and other phlegm syndromes with extreme efficacy.
Sanhuang Tang (Three Yellows Decoction)
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (wine-boiled), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (wine-stir-fried), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (wine-soaked, equal parts).
In Jingui, doubling Dahuang makes Xiexin Tang (Drain the Epigastrium Decoction).
Steep in 2 sheng of boiling water for a moment, squeeze out dregs, divide into two warm doses. Grind into powder, make pills with refined honey, size of wu zi, named Sanhuang Wan (Three Yellows Pill). Remove Dahuang, add Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) in equal parts, decoct, named Jinhua Tang (Golden Flower Decoction). Add Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), named Zhizi Jinhua Tang (Gardenia Golden Flower Decoction, i.e., Huanglian Jiedu Tang/Coptis Detoxification Decoction). Grind into powder, make pills with honey, named Jinhua Wan (Golden Flower Pill). Jinhua Tang powder made into honey pills, named Sanbu Wan (Three Tonics Pill). Sanhuang Wan plus Huangbai in equal parts, drop-water pills, named Da Jinhua Wan (Great Golden Flower Pill).
Zhang Shiweng said: Jinhua Tang contains only Qin (Huangqin), Lian (Huanglian), and Bo (Huangbai). Made into pills, named Sanbu Jinhua Wan. Compared to decoction, it adds Zhizi; made into decoction, named Jiedu (Detoxification). Adding Dahuang makes it Da Jinhua Tang. Though decoction and pills differ, functions are not distinct. Use decoction for urgent attack, pills for gradual removal. Slight difference.
Ganlu Xiaodu Dan (Sweet Dew Resolving Toxin Pill) (Also known as Puji Jiedu Dan/Great Benefit Resolving Toxin Pill)
Fei Huashi (Talcum), Mian Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba), Dan Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (6 liang), Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) (6 liang), Chuanbeimu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) (each 5 liang), Huoxiang (Agastaches Rhizoma et Radix), Shegan (Belamcandae Rhizoma), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Bidoukou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus) (each 4 liang).
Dry each herb in sun, grind raw into fine powder. Seeing fire changes medicinal property to hot.
Take 3 qian per dose, mix with boiling water, twice daily. Or make pills with Shenqu paste, size of bullet, dissolve in boiling water. Also acceptable.
Wang Shiiong noted: This is the main formula for treating damp-warmth and epidemic toxins. According to Liuyuan Zhengji, the Five Movements are divided into steps. Thirteen days after Spring Equinox, the second movement begins. Zheng, fire prospers, sky gradually warms. Ten days after Grain in Ear solar term, the third movement begins. Gong, earth prospers, ground gradually becomes damp. Warmth and dampness steam together, plus intense summer heat, melting stones and flowing metal. Humans are within the qi intersection, inhaling this qi through mouth and nose. If it stays and does not depart, it becomes...