一、温病者∶有风温、有温热、有温疫、有温毒、有暑温、有湿温、有秋燥、有冬温、有温疟。
此九条，见于王叔和《伤寒例》中居多，叔和
又牵引《难经》之文以神其说。按时推病，实有是证，叔和治病时，亦实遇是证。但叔和不能别立治
法，而叙于《伤寒例》中，实属蒙混，以《伤寒论》为治外感之妙法，遂将一切外感悉收入伤寒例中，而
悉以治伤寒之法治之。后人亦不能打破此关，因仍苟简，千余年来，贻患无穷，皆叔和之作俑无
怪见驳于方有执、喻嘉言诸公也。然诸公虽驳叔和，亦未曾另立方法，喻氏虽立治法，仍不能脱
却伤寒圈子，弊与叔和无二，以致后人无所遵根据。本论详加考核，准古酌今，细立治法，除伤寒宗仲
景法外，俾四时杂感，朗若列眉；未始非叔和有以
肇其端，东垣、河间、安道、又可、嘉言、天士宏其议，而瑭得以善其后也。
风温者，初春阳气始开，厥阴行令，风夹温也。温热者，春末夏初，阳气弛张，温盛为热也。温疫
者，厉气流行，多兼秽浊，家家如是，若役使然也。温毒者，诸温夹毒，秽浊太甚也。暑温者，正夏之
时，暑病之偏于热者也。湿温者，长夏初秋，湿中生热，即暑病之偏于湿者也。秋燥者，秋金燥烈之
气也。冬温者，冬应寒而反温，阳不潜藏，民病温也。温疟者，阴气先伤，又因于暑，阳气独发也。
按诸家论温，有顾此失彼之病，故是编首揭诸温之大纲，而名其书曰《温病条辨》。
二、凡病温者，始于上焦，在手太阴。
伤寒由毛窍而入，自下而上。始足太阳。足太
阳膀胱属水，寒即水之气，同类相从，故病始于此。古来但言膀胱主表，殆未尽其义。肺者，皮毛之
合也，独不主表乎（按人身一脏一腑主表之理，人
皆习焉不察。以三才大道言之∶天为万物之大表，天属金，人之肺亦属金，肺主皮毛，经曰皮应天，天
一生水；地支始于子，而亥为天门，乃贞元之会，人之膀胱为寒水之腑；故俱同天气，而俱主表也）！治
法必以仲景六经次传为祖法。温病由口鼻而入，自上而下，鼻通于肺，始手太阴。太阴金也，温者
火之气，风者火之母，火未有不克金者，故病始于此，必从河间三焦定论。再寒为阴邪，虽《伤寒论》
中亦言中风，此风从西北方来，乃 发之寒风也，最善收引，阴盛必伤阳，故首郁遇太阳经中之
阳气，而为头痛身热等证。太阳阳腑也，伤寒阴邪也，阴盛伤人之阳也。温为阳邪，此论中亦言伤
风，此风从东方来，乃解冻之温风也，最善发泄，阳盛必伤阴，故首郁遏太阴经中之阴气，而为咳嗽
自汗口渴头痛身热尺热等证。太阴阴脏也，温热阳邪也，阳盛伤人之阴也。阴阳两大法门之辨，可
了然于心目间矣。
夫大明生于东，月生于西，举凡万物，莫不
由此少阳、少阴之气以为生成，故万物皆可名之曰东西。人乃万物之统领也，得东西之气最全，乃与
天地东西之气相应。其病也，亦不能不与天地东西之气相应。东西者，阴阳之道路也。由东而往，
为木、为风、为湿、为火、为热，湿土居中，与火交而
成暑，火也者，南也。由西而往，为金、为燥、为水、为寒，水也者，北也。水火者，阴阳之征兆也；南北
者，阴阳之极致也。天地营运此阴阳以化生万物，故曰天之无恩而大恩生。天地营运之阴阳和平，人生之阴阳亦
和平，安有所谓病也矣！天地与人之阴阳，一有所偏，即为病也。偏之浅者病浅，偏之
深者病深；偏于火者病温、病热，偏于水者病清、病寒，此水火两大法门之辨，医者不可不知。烛其
为水之病也，而温之热之；烛其为火之病也，而凉之寒之，各救其偏，以抵于平和而已。非如鉴之
空，一尘不染，如衡之平，毫无倚着，不能暗合道妙，岂可各立门户，专主于寒热温凉一家之论而已
哉！瑭因辨寒病之原于水，温病之原于火也，而并及之。
三、太阴之为病，脉不缓不紧而动数，或两寸独大，尺肤热，头痛，微恶风寒，身热自汗，口渴，或
不渴，而咳，午后热甚者，名曰温病。
不缓，则非太阳中风矣；不紧，则非太阳伤寒矣；动数者，风火相煽之象，经谓之燥；两寸独大，
火克金也。尺肤热，尺部肌肤热甚，火反克水也。头痛、恶风寒、身热自汗、与太阳中风无异，此处最
足以相混，于何辨之？于脉动数，不缓不紧，证有或渴、或咳、尺热、午后热甚辨之。太阳头痛，风寒之
邪，循太阳经上至头与项，而项强头痛也。太阴之
头痛，肺生天气，天气郁，则头亦痛也，且春气在头，又火炎上也。吴又可谓浮泛太阳经者，臆说
也。伤寒之恶寒，太阳属寒水而主表，故恶风寒、温病之恶寒，肺合皮毛而亦主表，故亦恶风寒
也。太阳病则周身之阳气郁，故身热；肺主化气，肺病不能化气，气郁则身亦热也。太阳自汗，风疏
卫也；太阴自汗，皮毛开也，肺亦主卫。渴，火克金也。咳，肺气郁也。午后热甚，浊邪归下，又火旺
时也，又阴受火克之象也。
四、太阴风温、温热、温疫、冬温，初起恶风寒
者，桂枝汤主之；但热不恶寒而渴者，辛凉平剂银翘散主之。温毒、暑温、湿温、温疟，不在此例。
按仲景《伤寒论》原文，太阳病（谓如太阳证，
即上文头痛身热恶风自汗也），但恶热不恶寒而渴者，名曰温病，桂枝汤主之。盖温病忌汗，最喜解
肌，桂枝本为解肌，且桂枝芳香化浊，芍药收阴敛液，甘草败毒和中、姜、枣调和营卫，温病初起，原
可用之。此处却变易前法，恶风寒者主以桂枝，不恶风寒主以辛凉者，非敢擅违古训也。仲景所云不
恶风寒者，非全不恶风寒也，其先亦恶风寒，迨既热之后，乃不恶风寒耳，古文简、质，且对太阳中
风热时亦恶风寒言之，故不暇详耳。盖寒水之病，冬气也，非辛温春夏之气，不足以解之，虽曰温病，
既恶风寒，明是温自内发，风寒从外搏，成内热外寒之证，故仍旧用桂枝辛温解肌法，俾得微汗，而
寒热之邪皆解矣。温热之邪，春夏气也，不恶风寒，则不兼寒风可知，此非辛凉秋金之气，不足以解
之。桂枝辛温，以之治温，是以火济火也，故改从内经“风淫于内、治以辛凉、佐以苦甘”法。
桂枝汤方
桂枝（六钱） 芍药（炒，三钱） 炙甘草（二钱） 生姜（三片） 大枣（去核，二枚）
煎法服法，必如伤寒论原文而后可，不然，不惟失桂枝汤之妙，反生他变，病必不除。
辛凉平剂银翘散方
连翘（一两） 银花（一两） 苦桔梗（六钱） 薄荷（六钱）
竹叶（四钱） 生甘草（五钱） 芥穗（四钱） 淡豆豉（五钱） 牛蒡子（六钱）
上杵为散，每服六钱，鲜苇根汤煎，香气大出，即取服，勿过煎。肺药取轻清，过煎则味浓而入中
焦矣。病重者，约二时一服，日三服，夜一服；轻者三时一服，日二服；夜一服；病不解者，作再服。盖
肺位最高，药过重，则过病所，少用又有病重药轻之患，故从普济消毒饮时时清扬法。今人亦间有
用辛凉法者，多不见效，盖病大药轻之故，一不见效，随改弦易辙，转去转远，即不更张，缓缓延至数
日后，必成中下焦证矣。胸膈闷者，加藿香三钱、郁金三钱∶护膻中；渴甚者，加花粉；项肿咽痛者，
加马勃、元参，衄者，去芥穗、豆豉，加白茅根三钱、侧柏炭三钱、栀子炭三钱；咳者，加杏仁利肺气；
二、三日病犹在肺，热渐入里，加细生地、麦冬保津液；再不解或小便短者，加知母、黄芩、栀子之苦
寒，与麦、地之甘寒，合化阴气，而治热淫所胜。
方论按温病忌汗，汗之不惟不解，反生他
患。盖病在手经，徒伤足太阳无益；病自口鼻吸受而生，徒发其表亦无益也。且汗为心液，心阳受
伤，必有神明内乱，谵语癫狂、内闭外脱之变。再，误汗虽曰伤阳，汗乃五液之一，未始不伤阴也。
《伤寒论》曰∶“尺脉微者为里虚，禁汗，”其义可见。
其曰伤阳者，特举其伤之重者而言之耳。温病最善伤阴，用药又复伤阴，岂非为贼立帜乎？此古来用
伤寒法治温病之大错也。至若吴又可开首立一达原饮，其意以为直透膜原，使邪速溃，其方施于藜
藿壮实人之温疫病，容有愈者，芳香辟秽之功也；若施于膏粱纨 及不甚壮实人，未有不败
者。盖其方中首用槟榔、草果、浓朴为君∶夫槟榔，子之坚者也，诸子皆降，槟榔苦辛而温，体重而坚，
由中走下，直达肛门，中下焦药也。草果亦子也，其气臭烈大热，其味苦，太阴脾经之劫药也；浓朴苦
温，亦中焦药也，岂有上焦温病，首用中下焦苦温雄烈劫夺之品，先劫少阴津液之理！知母、黄芩，亦
皆中焦苦燥里药，岂可用乎？况又有温邪游溢三阳之说，而有三阳经之羌活、葛根、柴胡加法，是仍以
伤寒之法杂之，全不知温病治法，后人止谓其不分三焦，犹浅说也。其三消饮加入大黄、芒硝，惟邪
入阳明，气体稍壮者，幸得以下而解，或战汗而解，然往往成弱证，虚甚者则死矣。况邪有在卫者，在
胸中者，在营者，入血者，妄用下法，其害可胜言耶？岂视人与铁石一般，并非气血生成者哉？究其
始意，原以矫世医以伤寒法治病温之弊，颇能正陶氏之失，奈学未精纯，未足为法。至喻氏、张氏
多以伤寒三阴经法治温病，其说亦非，以世医从之
者少。而宗又可者多，故不深辨耳。本方谨遵内经“风淫于内，治以辛凉，佐以苦甘；热淫于内，治以
咸寒，佐以甘苦”之训（王安道《溯洄集》，亦有温暑当用辛凉不当用辛温之论，谓仲景之书，为即病之
伤寒而设，并未尝为不即病之温暑而设。张凤逵集治暑方，亦有暑病首用辛凉，继用甘寒，再用
酸泄酸敛，不必用下之论。皆先得我心者）。又宗喻嘉言芳香逐秽之说，用东垣清心凉膈散，辛凉苦
甘。病初起，且去入里之黄芩，勿犯中焦；加银花辛凉，芥穗芳香，散热解毒；牛蒡子辛平润肺，解热
散结，除风利咽；皆手太阴药也。合而论之，经谓“冬不藏精，春必温病”又谓“藏于精者，春不病
温”又谓“病温虚甚死”，可见病温者，精气先虚。此方之妙，预护其虚，纯然清肃上焦，不犯中下，无
开门揖盗之弊，有轻以去实之能，用之得法，自然奏效，此叶氏立法，所以迥出诸家也。
五、太阴温病，恶风寒，服桂枝汤已，恶寒解，余病不解者，银翘散主之。余证悉减者，减其制。
太阴温病，总上条所举而言也。恶寒已解，是全无风寒，止余温病，即禁辛温法，改从辛凉。减
其制者，减银翘散之制也。
六、太阴风温，但咳，身不甚热，微渴者，辛凉轻剂桑菊饮主之。
咳，热伤肺络也。身不甚热，病不重也。渴而微，热不甚也。恐病轻药重，故另立轻剂方。
辛凉轻剂桑菊饮方
杏仁（二钱） 连翘（一钱五分） 薄荷（八分） 桑叶（二钱五分）
菊花（一钱） 苦梗（二钱） 甘草（八分） 苇根（二钱）
水二杯，煮取一杯，日二服。二、三日不解，
气粗似喘，燥在气分者，加石膏、知母；舌绛暮热，甚燥，邪初入营，加元参（二钱）；犀角（一钱）；在血分
者，去薄荷、苇根，加麦冬、细生地、玉竹、丹皮各二钱；肺热甚加黄芩；渴者加花粉。
方论此辛甘化风、辛凉微苦之方也。盖肺为清虚之脏，微苦则降，辛凉则平，立此方所以避
辛温也。今世佥用杏苏散通治四时咳嗽，不知杏苏散辛温，只宜风寒，不宜风温，且有不分表里
之弊。此方独取桑叶、菊花者∶桑得箕星之精，箕好风，风气通于肝，故桑叶善平肝风；春乃肝令
而主风，木旺金衰之候，故抑其有余，桑叶芳香有细毛，横纹最多，故亦走肺络而宣肺气。菊花晚
成，芳香味甘，能补金水二脏，故用之以补其不足。风温咳嗽，虽系小病，常见误用辛温重剂销铄肺
液，致久嗽成劳者不一而足。圣人不忽于细，必谨于微，医者于此等处，尤当加意也。
七、太阴温病，脉浮洪，舌黄，渴甚，大汗，面赤，恶热者，辛凉重剂白虎汤主之。
脉浮洪，邪在肺经气分也。舌黄，热已深。渴甚，津已伤也。大汗，热逼津液也。面赤，火炎上
也。恶热，邪欲出而未遂也。辛凉平剂焉能胜任，非虎啸风生，金 退热，而又能保津液不可，前贤多用之。
辛凉重剂白虎汤方
生石膏（研，一两） 知母（五钱） 生甘草（三钱） 白粳米（一合）
水八杯，煮取三杯，分温三服，病退，减后服，不知，再作服。
方论义见法下，不再立论，下仿此。
八、太阴温病，脉浮大而芤，汗大出，微喘，甚至鼻孔扇者，白虎加人参汤主之；脉若散
大者，急用之；倍人参。
浮大而芤，几于散矣，阴虚而阳不固也。补阴药有鞭长莫及之虞，惟白虎退邪
阳，人参固正阳。使阳能生阴，乃救化源欲绝之妙法也。汗涌，鼻扇，脉散，皆化源欲绝之征兆也。
白虎加人参汤方
即于前方内加人参（三钱）。
九、白虎本为达热出表，若其人脉浮弦而细
1. Warm diseases include wind-warmth, warmth-heat, warm pestilence, warm toxin, summer-warmth, damp-warmth, autumn dryness, winter-warmth, and warm malaria.
These nine categories are mostly found in Wang Shuhe's "Exemplars of Cold Damage" (Shanghan Li), where Wang Shuhe further cited texts from the "Classic of Difficult Issues" (Nanjing) to mystify his arguments. Based on seasonal progression of diseases, these syndromes indeed exist, and Wang Shuhe did encounter them clinically. However, he failed to establish distinct treatment methods for them, instead categorizing them under "Exemplars of Cold Damage," which was misleading. Since people regarded Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Cold Damage" (Shanghan Lun) as the supreme method for treating exogenous diseases, all exogenous conditions were lumped into this category and treated with cold damage protocols. Later generations failed to break this paradigm, perpetuating a simplified approach that caused endless harm over a millennium. It is no wonder that scholars like Fang Youzhi and Yu Jiayan criticized Wang Shuhe. Although these critics refuted Wang Shuhe, they did not establish new methods; even Yu Jiayan's methods remained within the framework of cold damage, leaving later practitioners without clear guidance. This treatise conducts detailed examinations, balancing ancient and modern practices, and establishes precise treatment protocols. Excluding cold damage which follows Zhang Zhongjing's methods, it clarifies miscellaneous seasonal infections clearly. This achievement builds upon Wang Shuhe's initial efforts, expanded by Li Dongyuan, Liu Wansu, Wang Andao, Wu Youke, Yu Jiayan, and Ye Tianshi, allowing me (Wu Tang) to conclude and refine these theories.
Wind-warmth occurs in early spring when yang qi begins to rise and Jueyin (Liver) governs; it is wind combined with warmth.
Warmth-heat occurs in late spring and early summer when yang qi expands; excessive warmth transforms into heat.
Warm pestilence involves the prevalence of pathogenic qi, often mixed with turbid miasma, affecting households uniformly like an epidemic.
Warm toxin refers to various warmth diseases complicated by toxins, characterized by severe turbidity.
Summer-warmth occurs during midsummer; it is the heat-predominant type of summer diseases.
Damp-warmth occurs in late summer and early autumn; heat arises from dampness, representing the damp-predominant type of summer diseases.
Autumn dryness is caused by the dry and fierce qi of Metal (autumn).
Winter-warmth occurs when winter should be cold but turns warm; yang fails to hide, leading to warmth diseases among the people.
Warm malaria occurs when yin qi is first damaged, followed by summer heat, causing yang qi to flare independently.
Various discussions on warmth diseases suffer from partiality. Therefore, this compilation first outlines the general principles of these warmth diseases, hence the title "Systematic Differentiation of Warm Diseases" (Wenbing Tiaobian).
2. In all cases of warmth disease, the pathogen originates in the Upper Jiao, specifically affecting the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian.
Cold damage enters through the hair pores, moving from bottom to top, starting at the Foot-Taiyin Bladder Meridian. The Foot-Taiyin Bladder belongs to Water; cold is the qi of Water, and similar things attract each other, so the disease starts here. Historically, it was said that the Bladder governs the exterior, but this does not fully explain the principle. The Lung is associated with the skin and hair; does it not also govern the exterior? (The principle of one zang-fu pair governing the exterior is often overlooked. According to the Great Way of Heaven, Earth, and Man: Heaven is the great exterior of all things, belonging to Metal; the human Lung also belongs to Metal and governs skin and hair. The classics state that skin corresponds to Heaven, and Heaven generates Water. Earthly branches start with Zi, while Hai is the Gate of Heaven, the convergence of origin. The human Bladder is the reservoir of Cold Water; thus, both correspond to Heavenly Qi and govern the exterior.) Treatment methods must take Zhang Zhongjing's Six-Meridian transmission as the ancestral standard. Warmth diseases enter via the mouth and nose, moving from top to bottom. The nose connects to the Lung, starting at the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Taiyin belongs to Metal; warmth is the qi of Fire, and Wind is the mother of Fire. Fire inevitably overcomes Metal, so the disease starts here. One must adopt Liu Wansu's Three-Jiao theory. Furthermore, Cold is a Yin pathogen. Although "Wind Strike" is mentioned in the "Treatise on Cold Damage," this wind comes from the Northwest, being cold wind that induces contraction. Excessive Yin damages Yang, initially stagnating the Yang qi of the Taiyang Meridian, causing headache and fever. Taiyang is a Yang Fu organ, and Cold damage is a Yin pathogen; excessive Yin damages human Yang. Warmth is a Yang pathogen. "Wind Strike" in this context refers to wind from the East, warming wind that induces dispersion. Excessive Yang damages Yin, initially stagnating the Yin qi of the Taiyin Meridian, causing cough, spontaneous sweating, thirst, headache, body heat, and heat in the Chi pulse position. Taiyin is a Yin Zang organ, and warmth-heat is a Yang pathogen; excessive Yang damages human Yin. The distinction between these two major schools of Yin and Yang should be clear.
The Sun rises in the East, the Moon in the West. All things are generated by Shaoyang and Shaoyin qi, so all things can be named East and West. Humans, as the leaders of all things, receive the most complete East-West qi and correspond to the celestial East-West qi. Disease also corresponds to this. East and West are the pathways of Yin and Yang. Moving from East to South: Wood, Wind, Dampness, Fire, Heat. Damp Earth is central, combining with Fire to form Summer-Heat (South). Moving from West to North: Metal, Dryness, Water, Cold. Water is North. Water and Fire are the signs of Yin and Yang; North and South are their extremes. Heaven and Earth operate Yin and Yang to generate all things. When Yin and Yang are balanced in Heaven and Earth, they are balanced in humans, and there is no disease. Any deviation causes disease. Shallow deviation causes shallow disease; deep deviation causes deep disease. Deviation towards Fire causes warmth/heat diseases; deviation towards Water causes cold diseases. This distinction between Water and Fire is crucial for physicians. Identifying Water-based diseases requires warming; identifying Fire-based diseases requires cooling. Each remedies its deviation to restore balance. One cannot simply stand empty like a mirror or flat like a scale without engaging with the Dao. How can one establish separate schools focusing solely on Cold, Heat, Warmth, or Coolness? I distinguish that cold diseases originate from Water and warmth diseases from Fire, addressing this here.
3. In Hand-Taiyin disease, the pulse is neither slow nor tight but rapid and active, or only the two Cun positions are enlarged. There is heat in the Chi skin area, headache, slight aversion to wind and cold, body heat, spontaneous sweating, thirst (or no thirst), cough, and worse fever in the afternoon. This is called Warm Disease.
Pulse not slow means it is not Taiyang Wind Strike; pulse not tight means it is not Taiyang Cold Damage. Rapid and active indicates Wind-Fire stirring, described in classics as Dryness. Enlarged Cun positions indicate Fire overcoming Metal. Heat in Chi skin indicates Fire counter-overcoming Water. Headache, aversion to wind/cold, body heat, and spontaneous sweating are similar to Taiyang Wind Strike, making differentiation difficult. Differentiation relies on the rapid pulse, absence of slow/tight qualities, symptoms of thirst/cough, Chi heat, and afternoon fever exacerbation. Taiyang headache results from Wind-Cold pathogens ascending the Taiyang meridian to the head and neck, causing stiffness and pain. Taiyin headache occurs because Lung generates Heavenly Qi; stagnation of Heavenly Qi causes headache. Additionally, Spring Qi resides in the head, and Fire flares upward. Wu Youke's claim that it floats superficially on the Taiyang meridian is speculative. Cold damage chills because Taiyang belongs to Cold Water and governs the exterior. Warm disease chills because Lung combines with skin/hair and also governs the exterior. Taiyang disease causes stagnation of whole-body Yang, leading to fever. Lung disease impairs Qi transformation; Qi stagnation leads to body heat. Taiyang spontaneous sweating is due to Wind dispersing Wei Qi; Taiyin spontaneous sweating is due to open pores, as Lung also governs Wei. Thirst is Fire overcoming Metal. Cough is Lung Qi stagnation. Afternoon fever exacerbation is due to turbid pathogens settling lower, peak Fire time, and Yin being overcome by Fire.
4. For Hand-Taiyin Wind-Warmth, Warmth-Heat, Warm Pestilence, and Winter-Warmth, if there is aversion to wind and cold at the onset, Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is the primary formula. If there is fever without aversion to wind/cold and thirst, Xinliang Pingji Yinqiao San (Mild Cooling Silverweed and Forsythia Powder) is the primary formula. Warm Toxin, Summer-Warmth, Damp-Warmth, and Warm Malaria do not fall under this rule.
According to the original text of Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Cold Damage," Taiyang disease presenting with heat intolerance, no cold intolerance, and thirst is named Warm Disease, treated with Guizhi Tang. Generally, warmth diseases contraindicate sweating; muscle-releasing is preferred. Guizhi Tang releases muscles; Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) aromatically transforms turbidity, Shaoyao (Peony) astringes Yin and fluids, Gancao (Licorice) detoxifies and harmonizes the Middle, and Jiang/Zao (Ginger/Jujube) harmonizes Ying and Wei. Thus, it can be used in early warmth disease. Here, the method changes: Guizhi is used for aversion to wind/cold, and mild cooling agents for those without such aversion. This is not a violation of ancient teachings. Zhongjing's "no aversion to wind/cold" implies initial aversion that ceases after fever onset. Ancient texts are concise. Cold-Water diseases belong to Winter Qi; non-acrid-warm Spring/Summer Qi is needed to resolve them. Even if it is warmth disease, aversion to wind/cold indicates internal warmth triggered by external cold, forming internal heat and external cold. Thus, Guizhi Tang's acrid-warm muscle-releasing method is still used to induce slight sweating, resolving both pathogens. Warmth-Heat pathogens belong to Spring/Summer Qi. No aversion to wind/cold implies no concurrent cold wind. Only acrid-cool Autumn Metal Qi can resolve it. Using acrid-warm Guizhi for warmth is using Fire to save Fire. Hence, we follow the "Inner Classic": "For wind invading internally, treat with acrid-cool, assist with bitter-sweet."
Guizhi Tang Formula:
Guizhi (6 qian), Shaoyao (stir-fried, 3 qian), Zhi Gancao (2 qian), Shengjiang (3 slices), Dazao (pitted, 2 pieces).
Decoct and administer exactly as per "Shanghan Lun" original text; otherwise, efficacy is lost, and complications may arise.
Xinliang Pingji Yinqiao San Formula (Mild Cooling Silverweed and Forsythia Powder):
Lianqiao (1 liang), Yinhua (1 liang), Ku Jiegeng (6 qian), Bohe (6 qian), Zhuye (4 qian), Sheng Gancao (5 qian), Jiesui (4 qian), Dansh douchi (5 qian), Niubangzi (6 qian).
Pound into powder. Take 6 qian per dose, decoct with fresh Weigen (Reed Root) soup. Remove when aroma is strong; do not over-decoct. Lung medicines should be light and clear; over-decoction makes flavors heavy, entering the Middle Jiao. For severe cases, take every 2 hours, 3 times daily, 1 time nightly. For mild cases, every 3 hours, 2 times daily, 1 time nightly. If unresolved, continue dosing. Since the Lung is high, heavy drugs miss the target, and light drugs may be insufficient. Follow the frequent, light clearing method of Puji Xiaodu Yin. Modern use of mild cooling methods often fails due to insufficient dosage. Changing formulas frequently delays recovery, leading to Middle/Lower Jiao involvement. Add Huoxiang (3 qian) and Yujin (3 qian) for chest oppression; add Huafen for severe thirst; add Mabo and Yuanshen for swollen neck/sore throat; remove Jiesui/Douchi and add Baimaogen (3 qian), Ce Bai Tan (3 qian), Zhizi Tan (3 qian) for epistaxis; add Xingren for cough; if disease remains in Lung after 2-3 days with heat entering interior, add Xi Shengdi and Maidong to preserve fluids; if unresolved or urine is short, add Zhimu, Huangqin, and Zhizi (bitter-cold) combined with Maidong/Shengdi (sweet-cold) to transform Yin and treat excess Heat.
Formula Commentary: Warmth diseases contraindicate sweating; sweating does not resolve the disease but causes complications. The disease is in the Hand meridians; damaging Foot-Taiyang is useless. The pathogen enters via mouth/nose; releasing the exterior is useless. Sweat is Heart fluid; damaging Heart Yang causes mental confusion, delirium, and closure/depletion. Sweating also damages Yin. "Shanghan Lun" states: "Micro Chi pulse indicates interior deficiency, contraindicates sweating." Claiming sweating only damages Yang ignores Yin damage. Warmth diseases easily damage Yin; using drugs that further damage Yin is aiding the pathogen. This is the great error of using cold damage methods for warmth diseases. Wu Youke's Da Yuan Yin aims to penetrate Mo Yuan. It works for robust commoners with pestilence due to aromatic purification. However, for delicate individuals, it fails. Its main ingredients Binglang, Caoguo, and Houpo are heavy, descending, and harsh, targeting Middle/Lower Jiao and depleting Shaoyin fluids. Using them for Upper Jiao warmth is incorrect. Adding Dahuang/Mangxiao in San Xiao Yin risks weakening patients or causing death if misused. Pathogens vary by level (Wei, Qi, Ying, Blood); purging blindly is dangerous. Wu Youke intended to correct the misuse of cold damage methods but lacked precision. Yu and Zhang's use of Three-Yin cold damage methods is also flawed but less popular. This formula strictly follows the "Inner Classic": "Wind invading internally, treat with acrid-cool, assist with bitter-sweet; Heat invading internally, treat with salty-cold, assist with sweet-bitter." It also adopts Yu Jiayan's aromatic purification and Li Dongyuan's Qingxin Liangge San principles. Early stage removes Huangqin to avoid Middle Jiao; adds Yinhua, Jiesui, Niubangzi to clear Lung. The formula protects deficiency, clears Upper Jiao purely, avoids Middle/Lower Jiao, and uses light drugs to remove excess. This reflects Ye Tianshi's superior legislation.
5. For Hand-Taiyin Warm Disease, if aversion to wind/cold resolves after taking Guizhi Tang but other symptoms persist, Yinqiao San is the primary formula. If other symptoms decrease, reduce the dosage.
This refers to the previous condition. With resolved aversion to wind/cold, only warmth remains; acrid-warm methods are prohibited, switching to acrid-cool. Reducing dosage means lowering the Yinqiao San amount.
6. For Hand-Taiyin Wind-Warmth, if there is only cough, slight body heat, and mild thirst, Xinliang Qingji Sangju Yin (Light Cooling Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Drink) is the primary formula.
Cough indicates heat damaging Lung collaterals. Slight body heat indicates mild disease. Mild thirst indicates low heat. To avoid heavy drugs for mild disease, a light formula is established.
Xinliang Qingji Sangju Yin Formula (Light Cooling Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Drink):
Xingren (2 qian), Lianqiao (1.5 qian), Bohe (0.8 qian), Sangye (2.5 qian), Juhua (1 qian), Kugeng (2 qian), Gancao (0.8 qian), Weigen (2 qian).
Decoct 2 cups of water to 1 cup. Take twice daily. If unresolved after 2-3 days with coarse breathing resembling asthma and dryness in Qi level, add Shigao and Zhimu. If tongue is crimson, evening fever, severe dryness, and pathogen just entered Ying level, add Yuanshen (2 qian) and Xijiao (1 qian). If in Blood level, remove Bohe/Weigen, add Maidong, Xi Shengdi, Yuzhu, and Danpi (2 qian each). Add Huangqin for severe Lung heat; add Huafen for thirst.
Formula Commentary: This is an acrid-sweet transforming Wind and acrid-cool slightly bitter formula. Lung is a clear and empty organ; slightly bitter descends, acrid-cool pacifies. This formula avoids acrid-warm. Modern use of Xingsu San for all coughs is wrong; Xingsu San is acrid-warm, suitable only for Wind-Cold, not Wind-Warmth, and lacks exterior-interior differentiation. Sangye and Juhua are chosen: Sangye calms Liver Wind (Wood controls Metal in Spring); it also enters Lung collaterals. Juhua supplements Metal and Water. Misusing heavy acrid-warm drugs for wind-warmth cough consumes Lung fluids, leading to chronic consumption. Physicians must be careful.
7. For Hand-Taiyin Warm Disease, if pulse is floating and surging, tongue is yellow, thirst is severe, sweating is profuse, face is red, and heat intolerance exists, Xinliang Zhongji Baihu Tang (Heavy Cooling White Tiger Decoction) is the primary formula.
Floating/surging pulse indicates pathogen in Lung Qi level. Yellow tongue indicates deep heat. Severe thirst indicates fluid injury. Profuse sweating indicates heat forcing fluids. Red face indicates Fire flaring upward. Heat intolerance indicates pathogen attempting to exit but failing. Mild cooling agents are insufficient; only White Tiger Decoction can clear heat, protect fluids, and is widely used by predecessors.
Xinliang Zhongji Baihu Tang Formula (Heavy Cooling White Tiger Decoction):
Sheng Shigao (ground, 1 liang), Zhimu (5 qian), Sheng Gancao (3 qian), Bai Jingmi (1 he).
Decoct 8 cups of water to 3 cups. Take warm, divided into three doses. Reduce frequency as disease recedes. If ineffective, continue.
Formula Commentary: See below; no separate commentary.
8. For Hand-Taiyin Warm Disease, if pulse is floating, large, and hollow (Kou), sweating is profuse, breathing is slightly panting, or even nostrils flare, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) is the primary formula. If pulse is scattered and large, use urgently; double the Renshen.
Floating/large/hollow pulse approaches scattering, indicating Yin deficiency and unsecured Yang. Tonifying Yin may be too slow; Baihu clears pathogenic Yang, Renshen secures healthy Yang. Generating Yin from Yang saves the failing source of transformation. Profuse sweat, flaring nostrils, and scattered pulse are signs of failing transformation source.
Baihu Jia Renshen Tang Formula:
Add Renshen (3 qian) to the previous formula.
9. Baihu Tang originally aims to release heat from the exterior. If the pulse is floating, string-like, and thin...