《灵枢·四时气篇》曰∶善呕，呕有苦，长太息，心中 ，恐人将捕之，邪在胆，逆在胃，胆液泄
则口苦，胃气逆则呕苦，故曰呕胆。
肝胆抑郁，故长太息以舒之也；胆气虚而逆于胃，故心 ，恐人将捕之，而呕苦水也， ，心怯而
动之貌。
《灵枢·口问篇》帝曰∶人之哕者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶谷入于胃，胃气上注于肺。今有故寒气与新谷
气，俱还入于胃，新故相乱，真邪相攻，气并相逆，复出于胃，故为哕。补手太阴，泻足少阴。
有物无声谓之吐，有声无物谓之哕，有物有声谓之呕吐，此言有声无物者也。凡谷入胃，化精气而上注于
肺，因有故寒气在胃，新故相乱，真气邪气相攻相并而上逆，乃为哕也。肺气主降，用针补手太阴经以降逆也；肾
为胃关，泻足少阴经以利其关，使
胃中邪气下行则愈。后世之呃逆，古亦名哕。
帝曰，人之噫者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶寒气客于胃，厥逆从下上散，复出于胃，故为噫。补足太阴、阳
明。一曰补眉本也。
噫气比哕轻，上逆至胸，太息气转即已。亦因寒邪在胃，脾阳不运，而厥逆从下上散，而出于胃，故但温
补脾胃二经之气，使浊降清升则愈。一曰补眉本，亦内助其阳气之法耳。
帝曰∶人之太息者，何气使然？岐伯曰∶忧思则心系急，心系急则气道约，约则不利，故太息以伸出之。
补手少阴、心主、足少阳留之也。
各脏皆有系通心，故各脏之气随心所使。心系急而气道约者，则中气郁而不舒，太息以伸之也。故宜补心
经、心包、胆经之气，以和之也。
The *Ling Shu · Si Shi Qi Pian* states: Frequent vomiting, with bitter fluid vomited, frequent deep sighing (Tai Xi), palpitations in the heart, and fear that others will capture them. The pathogenic factor is in the Gallbladder, and the rebellious Qi is in the Stomach. When the gallbladder fluid leaks, there is a bitter taste in the mouth; when Stomach Qi rebels, bitter fluid is vomited. Hence it is called "vomiting from the Gallbladder" (Ou Dan). Liver and Gallbladder Qi stagnation leads to frequent deep sighing to relieve the constraint. When Gallbladder Qi is deficient and rebels into the Stomach, there are palpitations in the heart, fear of being captured, and vomiting of bitter water. "Palpitations" refers to the appearance of the heart trembling due to deficiency and timidity.
In the *Ling Shu · Kou Wen Pian*, the Yellow Emperor asked: What causes hiccups (Yue)? Qi Bo replied: Food enters the Stomach, and Stomach Qi flows upward to the Lung. If old cold pathogens and new food Qi both return to the Stomach, the old and new interfere with each other, true Qi and pathogenic factors attack each other, Qi merges and rebels, and re-emerges from the Stomach, thus causing hiccups (Yue). Treatment involves tonifying the Hand Taiyin Meridian and draining the Foot Shaoyin Meridian.
Vomiting with material but no sound is called "Tu"; hiccuping with sound but no material is called "Yue"; vomiting with both sound and material is called "Ou Tu". This passage refers to the case with sound but no material. Generally, when food enters the Stomach, essence-Qi is transformed and flows upward to the Lung. Due to old cold pathogens remaining in the Stomach, the old and new interfere with each other, true Qi and pathogenic factors attack and merge, rising upward in rebellion, resulting in hiccups (Yue). Lung Qi governs descent; needling with the tonification method on the Hand Taiyin Meridian helps descend the rebellious Qi. The Kidney serves as the gate of the Stomach; needling with the sedation method on the Foot Shaoyin Meridian facilitates the opening of this gate, allowing pathogenic Qi in the Stomach to descend, leading to recovery. Hiccups in later generations were also known as "Yue" in ancient times.
The Yellow Emperor asked: What causes belching (Yi)? Qi Bo replied: Cold pathogens lodge in the Stomach, and rebellious Qi scatters upward from below and re-emerges from the Stomach, thus causing belching (Yi). Treatment involves tonifying the Foot Taiyin and Foot Yangming Meridians. Another method suggests tonifying Meiben (Yintang, EX-HN3).
Belching (Yi) is milder than hiccups (Yue); the rebellious Qi rises to the chest, and a single deep sigh resolves it. It is also caused by cold pathogens in the Stomach failing to transport Spleen Yang, causing rebellious Qi to scatter upward from below and emerge from the Stomach. Therefore, warming and tonifying the Qi of the Spleen and Stomach meridians allows turbid Qi to descend and clear Qi to ascend, leading to recovery. Another method suggests tonifying Meiben (Yintang, EX-HN3), which is also a technique to internally assist Yang Qi.
The Yellow Emperor asked: What causes frequent deep sighing (Tai Xi)? Qi Bo replied: Worry and overthinking cause the Heart system to become tense. When the Heart system is tense, the Qi pathways become constricted. Constriction leads to obstruction, so one sighs deeply to extend and relieve it. Treatment involves tonifying the Hand Shaoyin and Pericardium (Hand Jueyin) meridians, and retaining needles in the Foot Shaoyang meridian.
Each organ has connections linking to the Heart, so the Qi of all organs follows the direction of the Heart. When the Heart system is tense and Qi pathways are constricted, Middle Qi becomes stagnant and unable to flow freely, so one sighs deeply to extend it. Therefore, it is appropriate to tonify the Qi of the Heart, Pericardium, and Gallbladder meridians to harmonize the Qi.