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(Chitongxie (Red Copper Scrap), which refers to the scrap falling off during copper hammering. Alternatively, red copper can be heated by fire and then quenched in water, causing the copper scraps to fall off naturally; these are washed clean with water. Good-quality yellow wine is added to a clay pot for stir-frying until sparks appear, at which point it is removed and ground into powder. It should be processed for two "Fu" periods (approximately 10 days) to remove earthiness, then ground as fine as powder. The standard ratio for processing is five liang of copper scrap to two yi of vinegar. Currently, people only calcine with fire and quench in vinegar seven times, grind finely, and use the water-floating method. One theory states that it must be stored for half a year after processing before being used in medicine; otherwise, it may cause death.)

(Both raw and refined copper develop a greenish-blue patina on their surface, which is considered the essence of copper. Large pieces are called Konglv (Empty Green), and those of secondary quality are called Kongqing (Empty Azure). Tongqing (Copper Green) refers to the green substance formed on copper vessels, which is washed and used. Recently, people have been treating copper with vinegar to generate green patina, collecting and sun-drying it for storage.)

(When using Chitongxie, melt it in an iron ladle, pour it onto tiles, filter out the dregs and sediment, and repeat this process several times before storing. Regarding Heixi Hui (Black Tin Ash), it is made from lead sand; Baixi Hui (White Tin Ash) is not used in medicine.)

(The preparation method involves shaping lead into coins, stringing them together, and placing them in a clay basin containing raw vinegar. The string of lead coins is placed horizontally in the basin, three cun above the vinegar level. The basin is covered with another clay tile and placed in a shady place until frost forms on the surface. The frost is brushed off and collected, ensuring it remains covered.)

(This is Huangdan (Lead Monoxide), produced by calcining pure lead, grinding it into a fine powder, and using the water-floating method. Commercially available Huangdan often contains impurities such as salt, saltpeter, and sand. To prepare it, wash with water to remove saltpeter and salt, clarify and dry, then stir-fry over low heat until it turns purple. Place it on the ground to dissipate fire toxicity before use in medicine.)

(When processing Zhusha (Cinnabar), crush it finely, place it in an earthenware crucible, cover it with a multi-layered paper bag, and bake it surrounded by worm-eaten willow wood shavings. Next, soak it in flowing eastern water until full, boil vigorously for one Fu period (approx. 24 hours), remove the willow shavings and paper bag, and use the residue. Recently, some have substituted the bottom ash from silver-smelting furnaces, which is incorrect. Furnace ash can corrode and refine all silk fabrics; how can it be ingested? If genuine material is unavailable, do not use. This section also mentions the processing of Yelangdu (Stemona Root).)

(Only Cinnabar from the Zhou, Qin, Han dynasties, and the Five Dynasties period is suitable for use. Calcine it until slightly red, quench in vinegar six or seven times, and then use. For ophthalmic use, grind into powder; for powder formulations, mix with walnut paste.)

(This is the red rust coating on iron, scraped off for use.)

(This is Zhusha (Cinnabar), which comes in several varieties. Liusha (Sulfur Cinnabar) is fist-sized or weighs one yi, has fourteen facets, and a mirror-like surface; on cloudy or rainy days, red liquid appears on its surface. Meibaisa (Plum Cypress Sand) is plum-seed sized and glows at night, illuminating a room. Baitingsa (White Court Sand) is emperor-bead sized with small star-like spots on its surface. Shenzuosa (Divine Seat Sand), Jinzuosa (Gold Seat Sand), and Yuzuosa (Jade Seat Sand) can prolong life when taken without alchemical refinement. Others include Chenjinsa (Chenjin Sand), Furongsasa (Hibiscus Sand), and Jianzusa (Arrowhead Sand). The above nine types are all suitable for medicinal use. When used medicinally, Zhusha should only be used raw; never calcine it. Once calcined by fire, ingestion causes death. Grinding must be done ten thousand times to achieve a fineness like light dust, and magnetic stones should be used to absorb iron impurities. Zhusha is incompatible with Cishi (Magnetite), fears Yan Shui (Salt Water), Cheqiancao (Plantain Herb), Shiwei (Pyrrosia Leaf), Zaojiao (Gleditsia Fruit), Juemingzi (Cassia Seed), Qumai (Dianthus Herb), Nanxing (Arisaema Rhizome), Wutou (Aconite Root), Diyu (Sanguisorba Root), Sangshen (Mulberry Fruit), Ziheche (Human Placenta), Diding (Scrophularia Root), Mabiancao (Verbena Herb), Digupi (Phellodendron Bark), Yindijue (Polygonatum Rhizome), and Baifuzi (Typhonii Rhizoma). Avoid consuming various blood products.)