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Jingui Xuming Tang (known as Xizhou Xuming Tang in *Qianjin Fang*) treats stroke fei syndrome, characterized by the inability to control the body, inability to speak, mental confusion with unawareness of pain locations, limb stiffness, and inability to turn or change position.

Herbs: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (3 liang, remove nodes), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝) (remove bark), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui, 当归), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen, 人参), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (crushed, wrapped in cotton gauze), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (Zhigancao, 炙甘草) (each 2 liang), Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong, 川芎) (1 liang), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, 杏仁) (remove skin and tips, 14 seeds), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Ganjiang, 干姜) (2 liang). The above herbs are cut into pieces and decocted in water.

Note: These are herbs for the Heart, Lung, Spleen, Stomach, and Liver; they are also blood and qi herbs for the Taiyang channel.

Qianjin Daxuming Tang lacks Renshen compared to the previous formula but adds Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) and Jingjie Li (荆沥) (Yuanrong version uses Bamboo Sap, Zhuli, 竹沥). Jufang Xiaoxuming Tang (from *Qianjin Fang*) treats sudden acute stroke with loss of consciousness, hemiplegia, deviation of the mouth and eye, trembling of hands and feet, dysarthria, and chaotic spirit/clarity, as well as various wind disorders.

Herbs: Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Fangji, 防己), Cinnamomi Cortex (Rougui, 肉桂) (remove rough bark), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, 杏仁) (remove skin and tips, stir-fried until yellow), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 白芍), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (stir-baked), Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong, 川芎), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (remove nodes), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen, 人参) (remove rhizome, each 1 liang), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, 防风) (1.5 liang), Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi, 附子) (processed, remove skin and navel, 0.5 liang). The above herbs are crushed into coarse powder. Each dose is 3 qian, decocted with 5 slices of fresh ginger and one jujube in water.

Note: These are herbs for the Heart, Lung, Spleen, Stomach, Liver, Sanjiao, and Mingmen.

Gujin Luyan contains Baizhu but lacks Xingren; Jiujie lacks Chuanxiong and Xingren, having only ten ingredients; Yannian lacks Fangfeng. Jiyao adds Shigao and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 知母) in spring and summer, and Guizhi, Fuzi, and Baishao in autumn and winter.

Mahuang Xuming Tang, Guizhi Xuming Tang, Baitu Xuming Tang, Gegen Xuming Tang, Fuzi Xuming Tang, Qianghuo Lianqiao Xuming Tang.

Note: Xuming Tangs are herbs for treating external wind pathogen affecting the Taiyang channel. However, external contraction often involves cold, hence the use of Guizhi and similar herbs. Formulas like those in *Qianjin Fang* collect many such herbs without distinguishing channels or differentiating deficiency/excess and cold/heat. As the saying goes, "What good is it if there are many?" Yi Lao (Zhang Yuansu) divided them according to the Six Channels, which represents a flexible method.

Danxi stated: Compared to *Jingui Yaolue*, Jufang Xiaoxuming Tang lacks Danggui and Shigao but adds Fangfeng, Fuzi, and Fangji. Does this truly align with Zhongjing's intent? Zhongjing said "stop medication when sweating occurs," whereas Jufang states "take for a long time until recovery." It also claims to treat all wind disorders, which seems inconsistent with Zhongjing's intent. Can Mahuang and Fangji be taken for a long time? Can all wind disorders be treated universally?

Jufang Paifeng Tang treats wind deficiency, cold-damp pathogenic factors entering the Zang organs, manifesting as delirious speech, hallucinations, mental confusion, and five-organ wind fa (wind flare-up) syndromes (see detailed formula below).

Herbs: Dictamni Cortex (Baixianpi, 白鲜皮), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui, 当归) (soaked in wine), Cinnamomi Cortex (Rougui, 肉桂), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 白芍), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, 杏仁), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (stir-fried), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, 防风), Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong, 川芎), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) (each 2 liang), Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Duohuo, 独活 - *Note: Duohuo usually refers to Peucedani Radix, but text says Duohuo*), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (remove roots and nodes), Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) (each 3 liang). The above herbs are crushed into coarse powder. Each dose is 3 qian, decocted with 4 slices of fresh ginger in water.

Danxi stated: This claims to treat pathogenic factors entering the Zang organs, yet mentions "wind fa," implying an internal origin. If the disease is in the Five Zang organs, with deep-seated pathology, using Mahuang to release the exterior—does this not violate the warning against punishing the innocent (treating non-existent excess)?

Note: This formula is similar to Xiaoxuming Tang but offers no new insights. Because it is commonly used by the public, it is included here. Other redundant formulas for dispersing wind-cold have been omitted.

Baojian Qinjiao Shengma Tang treats wind-cold lodging in the Foot and Hand Yangming channels, manifesting as deviation of the mouth and eye, aversion to wind and cold, limb stiffness, and floating-tight pulse.

Herbs: Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma, 升麻), Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen, 干葛), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草), Paeoniae Radix (Shaoyao, 芍药), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen, 人参) (each 0.5 liang), Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (Qinjiao, 秦艽), Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi, 白芷), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, 防风), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝) (each 3 qian). The above herbs are cut into pieces. For every 1 liang of herbs, decoct together with two green onions including roots.

Note: This formula treats wind-cold externally invading the Yangming channel, representing a modification of Xiaoxuming Tang. Although ancient Xuming Tangs had various modifications, they were largely based on Taiyang channel herbs. This formula is retained here to demonstrate that wind pathogen injury varies across the Six Channels.

Baojian Buhuan Jin Dan dispels wind and clears heat.

Herbs: Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo, 羌活), Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong, 川芎), Bryoniae Radix (Baifu Zi, 白附子), Aconiti Radix (Wutou, 乌头), Agastaches Folium (Huoxiang Ye, 藿香叶), Scorpio (Xieshao, 蝎梢) (each 0.5 liang), Schizonepetae Spica (Jingjie Sui, 荆芥穗), Gastrodiae Rhizoma (Tianma, 天麻), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (Zhigancao, 炙甘草), Bombyx Batryticatus (Jiangcan, 僵蚕) (each 1 liang), Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe, 薄荷) (3 liang), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, 防风) (1 liang). The above herbs are ground into fine powder and made into pills the size of a bullet with refined honey. Take one pill at a time, chew thoroughly, and swallow with tea or wine. It can also be applied topically.

Note: Ancient formulas for treating wind and releasing the exterior often combined hot-natured herbs. It was not until Shouzhen (Liu Wansu) developed cool-natured formulas that this practice became common. There are many such formulas; this one is preserved to illustrate the intent. While Fangfeng Tongsheng San is excellent for treating wind-heat, it is a formula for resolving both exterior and interior conditions.