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Zhang Zhongjing stated: In Taiyang disease (Taiyang syndrome), if there is fever, anhidrosis (absence of sweating), and aversion to cold, it is called Gang Jing (Rigid Spasm); if there is fever, diaphoresis (sweating), and no aversion to cold, it is called Rou Jing (Flaccid Spasm).

Patients suffering from Jing disease (Spasm) exhibit fever in the body but coldness in the feet, stiffness and tension in the neck and nape, aversion to cold, sometimes with heat in the head, redness of the face, isolated trembling of the head, sudden lockjaw (trismus), and opisthotonos (arching of the back like a bow). This constitutes Jing disease. If sweat-inducing methods are mistakenly applied, the pathogenic factors of cold and dampness combine, further weakening the exterior qi, thereby exacerbating the aversion to cold.

According to *Huo Ren Shu* (The Book That Saves Lives), the Taiyang channel is first injured by wind-pathogen and subsequently affected by cold-dampness. This was referred to by ancient physicians as "Zhi" (痓). It is also written as "Jing" (痉), which means rigidity. The ancients regarded rigidity as an external manifestation; although its presentation resembles Shanghan (Cold Damage), the pulse is deep, slow, wiry, and thin, accompanied by opisthotonos and rigidity of the neck and back resembling epilepsy, which distinguishes it. By observing whether the patient has sweat or not, one can differentiate between Gang Jing (Rigid Spasm) and Rou Jing (Flaccid Spasm). For cases without sweat, Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction) is the primary treatment; for cases with sweat, Guizhi Jia Gualou Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Trichosanthes Root) is indicated.

In cases of Gang Jing presenting with chest fullness, lockjaw, spasmodic contraction of the legs, and teeth grinding, Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) should be administered. I contend that both Gang Jing and Rou Jing belong to the category of Taiyang disease. Regarding the symptoms of neck stiffness and lockjaw, they generally indicate a combination of Taiyang and Yangming diseases. Due to the involvement of Yangming, simple sweat-inducing therapy is contraindicated, and the use of Dachengqi Tang is appropriate, though this principle can be difficult to comprehend. Yun Qizi stated: Among the five types of Shanghan syndromes, all are attributed to Taiyang; other channels are not mentioned separately, reflecting the profound intent of the Sages.

If the head droops, vision is directed downward, limbs are pulled inward, and elbows and knees touch each other, this is Yangming Jing disease. If one eye deviates to the left or right, and one hand or foot exhibits tremors or spasms, this is Shaoyang Jing disease. For these three conditions, treatments such as inducing sweat, harmonizing, or purging should be applied according to the affected channel, ensuring recovery. This is likely what is meant here.

Zhang Zhongjing stated: In Taiyang disease, excessive sweating may lead to Jing disease; if purgation is mistakenly used, followed by subsequent sweating, it will inevitably result in limb contracture and spasms. Patients with sores and ulcers, even if experiencing body pain, must not undergo sweat-inducing therapy; if sweating occurs, it will induce Jing disease.

This passage indicates that Jing disease caused by excessive sweating and purgation is not solely due to the external invasion of wind, cold, and dampness, but also results from mismanagement leading to complex disorders (Bian Zheng). Excessive sweating and purgation are the causes of fluid exhaustion and blood damage.

*Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) states: In Taiyang disease, if there is fever and the pulse is deep and thin, it is termed difficult to treat.

The pulse in Jing disease feels tight and wiry when pressed, extending straight up and down. The pulse of Jing patients is deep, firm, and extends straight up and down. Sudden abdominal distension indicates impending resolution; however, if the pulse becomes deep and wiry, it signifies the onset of Jing disease. After inducing sweat, if the pulse moves sinuously like a snake, it indicates the loss of fluids and the absence of Stomach Qi.

Jing disease syndromes are caused by wind-cold-dampness injury. Patients with sweat typically present with a floating and moderate pulse, while those without sweat present with a floating and tight pulse. A deep and thin pulse suggests dampness injury. A pulse that is firm and extends straight up and down reflects the image of a tight pulse. After sweating, a pulse moving like a snake indicates fluid exhaustion and lack of Stomach Qi.