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See the section on "Cold Gate" (Han Men).

The *Yuan Bing Shi* states: When heat pathogen is constrained within the interior, causing abdominal fullness, hardness, consolidation, and pain, it cannot be described as a cold syndrome.

Commentary: Zhu Danxi stated that abdominal pain caused by accumulated heat, or by fixed blood (stasis), food retention, or damp-phlegm, can all produce pain. A wiry pulse indicates food retention; a slippery pulse indicates phlegm-fluids. Clear phlegm-fluids often cause abdominal pain and should be treated differently. Synthesizing the above, this generally discusses the differentiation between cold and heat syndromes; therefore, subsequent cases in this discussion do not elaborate further on these points.

Cheng Wuji stated: When pathogenic factors gather in the lower jiao, body fluids fail to circulate freely, and qi and blood are obstructed. This may manifest as difficulty in urination or hematochezia, stagnating in the lower region, thereby generating distension, fullness, hardness, and pain. If hardness, fullness, and pain extend from the epigastrium down to the entire abdomen, this indicates excess of pathogenic factors, requiring purgation with Da Xian Xiong Tang (Major Trapping the Chest Decoction). If only the lower abdomen is hard and full with pain, and urination is free, this is a blood-stasis syndrome; if urination is difficult, it is a syndrome of urinary obstruction.

See the section on "Hernia Gate" (Shan Men).

See the sections on "Dysentery" etc.

See the section on "Accumulation and Mass" (Ji Ju Men).

See the section on "Sores and Ulcers" ( Chuang Yang Men).

The *Ci Nan Nan Zhi* states: In typhoid fever, pain in the middle jiao belongs to the Taiyin channel; treatment should reinforce the center, using formulas such as Huang Qi Jian Zhong Tang (Astragalus Decoction for Replenishing the Middle). Pain at the navel belongs to the Shaoyin channel; use formulas such as Si Ni Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction), Zhen Wu Tang (True Warrior Decoction), or Fu Zi Tang (Aconite Decoction). Pain in the lower abdomen belongs to the Jueyin channel; severe cases use Zheng Yang Dan (Upright Yang Pill) or Hui Yang Dan (Return Yang Pill); mild cases use Dang Gui Si Ni Tang (Angelica Decoction for Warming the Extremities). When Taiyin involves Shaoyin with severe pain, it may transform into incessant diarrhea. For miscellaneous disease-induced pain, use Si Wu Ku Lian Tang (Four Substances and Melia Decoction) or Jiu Zhu Dang Gui Wan (Wine-Processed Angelica Pills). In summer, abdominal pain with warm skin, aversion to heat, and a surging, rapid pulse is governed by the Hand-Taiyin Lung and Foot-Yangming Stomach channels; treat with Huang Qin Shao Yao Tang (Scutellaria and Peony Decoction). In autumn, abdominal pain with cold skin, aversion to cold, and a deep, rapid pulse is governed by the Foot-Taiyin Spleen and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney channels; treat with Gui Zhi Shao Yao Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Peony Decoction). Abdominal pain occurring in all four seasons is primarily treated with Shao Yao Gan Cao Tang (Peony and Licorice Decoction).

Commentary: These treatment methods originally apply to typhoid fever, cold hernia, and seasonal epidemic conditions. However, by observing the pathogenesis of the aforementioned diseases, students can grasp more than half of the principles regarding pulse diagnosis and treatment.

Gui Zhi Jia Shao Yao Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction with Added Peony) treats abdominal fullness and intermittent pain with a weak pulse.

Commentary: This is an example formula for the Taiyin channel.

Li Zhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill) treats cholera, headache, cold body, and abdominal pain.

Formulas are found in "Cold Gate".

Xiao Jian Zhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction) treats typhoid fever where the yang pulse is choppy, the yin pulse is wiry, and there is urgent pain in the abdomen.

Formula found in "Tonifying Deficiency Gate".

Commentary: These are example formulas for the Taiyang channel.

Zhen Wu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) treats abdominal pain, diarrhea, and heavy sensation in the limbs.

Formula found in "Cold Gate".

Si Ni Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) treats typhoid fever with diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cold extremities.

Gancao (2 qian) Fuzi (several large slices) Ganjiang (3 qian)

Crush the herbs and decoct in water.

Pi Li San (Thunderbolt Powder) treats abdominal pain with a pulse nearing extinction.

One Fuzi (processed), remove the core, bake in cold ashes, take half liang. Mix with one da qian of Zhen La Cha (Ceylon Tea). Grind finely together. Divide into two doses. Decoct in water. Just before completion, add half a spoonful of honey. Take warm or cold.

Tao Hua Tang (Peach Blossom Decoction) treats abdominal pain, diarrhea with pus and blood, and difficulty in urination.

Chishizhi (1 liang) Ganjiang (1 qian) Jingmi (1 he)

Grind into powder. Decoct in water and take.

Commentary: These are example formulas for the Shaoyin channel.

Dang Gui Si Ni Tang (Angelica Decoction for Warming the Extremities) treats typhoid fever with urgent pain in the lower abdomen.

Formula found in "Cold Gate".

Commentary: This is an example formula for the Jueyin channel.