陈实功曰∶咽喉虽属于肺，然所致各有不同，有虚火实火之分，紧喉慢喉之说。
咽为心肺肝肾呼吸之门，饮食声音出纳之道，此关系一身，害人迅速。虚火色淡微
肿，脉亦细微，小便清白，大便自利，此乃思虑过多，中气不足，脾气不能中护，虚
火易于上炎，咽嗌干燥，饮食妨碍，咳吐痰涎，呼吸不利，斑生苔藓，累若虾皮，有
如茅草，当刺喉中。又如硬物嗌于咽下，呕吐酸水，哕出甜涎，甚则舌上白胎，唇生
矾色，声音雌哑，喘急多痰。以上现证皆出于虚火，元气不足中来，治此不可误用
寒凉，上午痛者属气虚，补中益气汤加麦冬、五味、牛蒡、元参；午后痛者属阴虚，
四物汤加知母、桔梗、元参、黄柏；如服不效必加姜、附以为引导，即佐治之法也。
实火者醇酒辛烈，热积于中，久则火动痰生，发为咽肿，甚则风痰上壅，咽门闭塞，
少顷汤水不入，声音不出，此为喉痹紧喉风是也。用药不及，事先用针刺喉间发泄
毒血，随用桐油饯鸡翎探吐稠痰，务使痰毒出尽，咽门得松，汤药可入，语声得出
乃止。内服清咽利膈汤疏利余毒，如牙关紧闭难入，必当先刺少商穴出血，其闭自
开。如针刺探吐无痰，声如拽锯，鼻掀痰喘，汤水不下，语声不出者，真死候也，难治。（《正宗》）
又曰∶虚火得者名慢喉风，实火得者名紧喉风。
经曰∶凡喉闭不刺血，喉风不吐痰，喉痈不放脓，喉痹喉蛾不针烙，此皆非法。
岐天师曰∶如虚火沸腾于咽喉口齿间，用寒凉之药入口稍快，少顷又甚，又用寒
凉，腹泻肚痛而上热益炽，欲用热药凉饮而病患不信，不肯轻治，乃用外治之法引
之而愈。方用附子一个为末，米醋调成膏药，贴在涌泉穴上，少顷火气衰，又少顷
而热止，退变成冰凉世界，然后以六味地黄汤大剂与之，则火不再沸腾矣。盖此火
乃雷火也，见水则愈酷烈。子不见雷霆之震，浓阴大雨之时，愈加震动，惊天轰地，
更作威势，一见太阳当空，则雨歇声消，寂然不闻矣。又不见冬令之天地耶，严寒霜
雪，冰冻郊原，雨雪霏霏，阴风惨厉，此天气下行而地气反上，盖下热则上自寒也。
又不见夏日之天地乎，酷日炎蒸，蕴隆火热，烁木焚林，燔汤沸水，天气上升，地
气下降，此上热而下寒也，人身虚火亦犹是也。今既火腾于上，则下体冰冷，今以
附子大热之药涌泉引之者，盖涌泉虽是水穴，水中实有火气存焉，火性炎上而穴中
正寒，忽然得火，则水自沸温，水温则火自降，同气相交，必归于窟宅之中矣。火
既归于窟宅，又何至沸腾于天上哉。此咽喉口齿之火，忽然消除，有不知其然而然
之妙，此引治之巧又当知之者，此即外施引火归原之法也。（《秘录》）
戴氏曰∶硬舌根而烂两旁，此名缠舌喉风，须用羊毛笔蘸甘草汤洗之，然后再吹药。
冯鲁瞻曰∶咽喉者，一身之总要，水谷之道路也。若胸膈之间蕴积热毒，致生
风痰，壅滞不散，发为咽喉之疾，或内生疮，状如肉腐，窒塞不通，吐咽不下，如
单肉蛾、双肉蛾及 腮肿胀，甚者内外皆肿，上攻头面。治宜先吐风痰以通咽膈，然
后解热毒，清肺胃，迟则不救。（《锦囊》）
又曰∶咽疮喉痛，多属虚热，血虚虚火游行无制，客于咽喉也。虚者八味地黄
汤加牛膝、五味子煎与食前冷服；实者黄连、荆芥、薄荷、姜汁、硝、蜜噙化。喉
痛必用荆芥；阴虚火炎上，必用玄参，有用茜草一两作一服者，以其能降血中之火也。
又曰∶喉与咽不同。喉者肺脘呼吸之门户，主出而不纳；咽者胃脘水谷之道路，
主纳而不出。盖咽喉司呼吸，主升降，此一身之紧关橐龠也。经曰∶足少阴所生病
者，口渴舌干，咽肿上气，嗌干及痛。《素问》云∶邪客于足少阴之络，令人咽痛，不
可纳食。又曰∶足少阴之络，循喉咙，通舌本。凡喉痛者，皆少阴之病。但有寒热
虚实之分。少阴之火直如奔马，逆冲于上，到此咽喉紧锁处，气郁结而不得舒，故或
肿或痛也，其证必内热口干血赤，痰涎涌上，尺脉必数而无力，盖缘肾水亏损，相
火无制而然。须用六味地黄汤加麦冬、五味子，大剂作汤服之。又有色欲过度，元
阳亏损，无根之火游行无制，客于咽喉者。须用八味肾气丸大剂煎成，冰冷与饮，引
火归源，庶几可救。此论阴虚咽痛者，如此治法，正褚氏所谓上病疗下也。
又曰∶阴气大虚，虚火无制，孤阳飞越，客于咽喉，遂成咽痛者，脉必浮大，重
取必涩，去死则近。宜人参一味浓煎，细细饮之。如作实证，用以清降之药，祸在反
掌。愚用人参必同童便、制附子同煎，温和食前顿服，则监制虚火下归乃愈。如单
用人参细细饮之，恐浮火益炽，亦非稳当。奈世人但知热咽痛，不知有寒咽痛也。经
曰∶太阳在泉，寒淫所胜，民病咽痛颔肿。陈藏器用附子去皮、脐，炮制切片，以蜜
涂炙，令蜜入内，噙咽其津，甘味尽，更易之。仲景云∶下利清谷，里寒外热，脉
微欲绝，面赤咽痛，以通脉四逆汤。又曰∶冬月伏寒在于肾经，发则咽痛下利，附子汤温其经则愈。
又曰∶又有司天运气，其年乡村相染。若恶寒者多是暴寒折热，寒闭于外，热郁
于内。切忌胆矾酸寒之剂点喉，反使阳郁不伸；又忌硝黄等寒剂下之，反使阳陷入
里，祸不旋踵。须用表散若甘桔汤之类。
又曰∶有咽痛而诸药不效者，此非咽痛，乃是鼻中生一条红线，如发悬一黑泡，
大如樱桃，垂挂到咽门而上，难以探取。宜用土牛膝根（即鼓槌草）独条直而肥大者，捣碎
入好醋三五滴同研，取浓汁滴入鼻中二三点，即刻系断珠破，吐出瘀血即安。
李东垣曰∶夏伤寒伏于肾少阴之经，多咽痛者，名肾伤寒也。宜热药冷冻饮料之。
陈远公曰∶咽喉干燥，久而疼痛，人以为肺经之燥热也，孰知肾水涸竭乎！夫
肺金生肾水也，肺气清肃，自下生水，惟肺气虚则肺液只可自养，无如肾水大耗，故
欲救肺之干燥，必先救肾之涸也。子母两富汤∶熟地三两，麦冬二两，水煎服，一
剂燥少止，三剂疼少止，十剂全愈。（《冰鉴》）
又曰，生长膏粱，素耽于酒，劳心过度，以致咽喉臭痛，人以为肺气伤也，谁
知乃心火太盛移热于肺乎！夫饮酒伤胃，胃热熏蒸，宜乎肺热矣。然胃火熏肺，而胃
土实生肺也，故饮酒尚不伤肺，惟劳心过度，则火起于心，而肺受刑矣。胃火助之
则火旺，炎上而咽喉燔烧之路，自然唾涕稠粘，口舌干燥，气味腥臭而痛矣。盖心
主五臭，入肺为腥臭矣。解腥汤∶甘草、桔梗、麦冬、贝母各五钱，桑白皮、天冬、生
地、丹皮各三钱，枯芩一钱，水煎连服二剂痛止，又四剂臭除。 （此方治肺而兼治心，又
兼治胃者也。因膏梁之人，心肺之气血原虚，下滋二经之气血，但泻其火，则胃之气血必伤，反增火之焰矣。妙
在补肺以凉肺，补心以凉心，补胃以清胃，火自退舍，不
止喉痛而痛自止也。）
《医论选要》曰∶夫咽喉者，一身之总要，气与食出入之门户也。咽以纳气，故
咽气通于天，喉以纳食，故喉气通于地。自其风邪客于喉间，气郁而热，则壅遏而为
咽疼，自其热气生于肺胃，风毒蕴隆，则肿结而为喉痹。又有尸咽谷贼之证。尸咽
者，阴阳不和，脾肺壅盛，风热毒瓦斯不能宣通，故令尸虫发动，上蚀于喉，或痒或
痛，如 之候也；谷贼者，稻芒强涩，藏于米而误食之，滞于咽间，不能传化，故
风热并聚与血气搏，遂令肿刺如咽嗌之生谷刺也，胃脘实热熏蒸上焦，发为白颐赤根，固有咽疮之候。
窦汉卿曰∶呼者因阳出，吸者随阴入，呼吸之间，肺经主之。喉咙已下，言五脏
为手足之阴，咽门已下，言六腑为手足之阳。盖诸脏属阴为里，诸腑属阳为表，以
脏者藏也，藏诸神流通也；腑者府库，主出纳水谷糟粕转输之谓也。自喉咙已下五
脏，喉应天气，乃肺之系也，以肺属金，干为天，干，金也，故天气之道，其中空长，
可以通气息。但喉咙与咽并行，其实两异，而人多惑之。盖喉咙为息道，咽中下水谷，
其喉下接肺之气。一云喉中三窍者非。果喉中具三窍，则谷与气各从一窍而俱下肺
中，肺下无窍何由传送水谷入于下焦。（《全书》）
黄帝书云∶肺为诸脏之华盖，藏真高之气于肺经也，故清阳出上窍，浊阴出下
窍。若世人不知保养，六气七情，役冒非理，百病生焉。病疡既成，须寻所自。若
喉痹、乳蛾、缠喉风、喉疮、喉痹、风毒、热毒等证，当刺则刺，不可乱医，当吐则
吐，不可妄治。此等证系性命之根本，生死立见，不识其标本而攻之，失其法则祸不旋踵矣。
丹溪曰∶咽喉者一身总要，与胃相授，呼吸之所从出。若胞膈蕴积热毒，致生风
痰，壅滞不散，发而为咽喉之病，喉内生
疮，或状如肉，赤肉为肿，窒塞不通，吐咽不下，甚则生出重舌。大法先去风痰以
通咽膈，然后解其热毒，迟则有不救之患。又有热毒冲上 而生疮，谓之悬痈，及腑
寒亦能令人咽闭，舌吐不利。宜用解施法，或曰治法视火微甚，微则正治，甚则反治，
探痰出血，随所施治；或于手大指少商穴出血行气，冲达于外者，必外敷以药。予
尝以鹅翎蘸米醋缴喉中，摘去痰涎。盖酸能收痰，又能消积血，乳蛾而不散者，以
小刀就蛾上出血，皆用马牙硝吹点咽喉以退火邪，服射干、青黛、甘草、桔梗、黄
芩、山栀、大黄、白矾、牛蒡之类，随证加减为方，以散上焦之热，外所敷药如生
地、伏龙肝、韭根皆可用。若咽喉生疮，或白或赤者多血，大率多是痰热，先以桐油
吐之，后用甘草汤解桐油之气。
窦梦麟曰∶咽喉一科，昔先太师公立论于前矣，余岂敢复言乎！独座细思，又
不容已也。咽喉之证，司性命出纳气饮之所，深为至重。然饮食精气之要路，肺与
大肠表里之别，脏腑上通咽喉，下由大肠出入之门户，肺为华盖，发荫五脏，死生
之玄门也。入谷则昌，绝谷则亡，朝生暮死，暮生朝死，须臾之间，变证不一。惟
肺主金，生生不已，循环无端，顺则五脏华敷，百关通畅，此所谓养身之道也。阳
明燥金，以致火克而生疾矣。咽喉之证，从热而系乎太阳之标，故推而治之，可以解
热除毒，祛风顺气，则自然平金也。丹溪以米醋搅口中以出痰，酸以收之之义也。愚
见以为太酸则燥，先用黄 汁加玄明粉少许，灌喉中以吊其痰，次用酸水，仍前加
玄明粉灌之，后用蜜汤润之，渐渐探吐其痰，则咽喉开利矣，复以冰片散滋之，无
有不效。若缠喉风用前三法，不能探吐其痰，宜用生桐油灌之，鹅翎搅之，再用蜜
汤润之，急服牛黄清心丸，或豁痰丸，以坠其痰，旋以二陈汤加减服之，无不愈者。
若喉中声出如雷，呛食眼张，天柱倒陷，面
黑唇焦，鼻无气息，目睛突出，汗出如珠，卢扁复生，不能生矣。然既患咽喉口舌之
证，延及颈项头面而发肿，红如火光，万不可疗，急用磁锋砭去恶血，用鸡子清调
乳香末润之立瘥。再用芭蕉根汁润之，以解其毒。若口舌肿大紫黑，急用针点去血，
随吹末药甚效。余久以此法行之，颇活甚多。故以此理论而发明之，再俟高明校裁，勿罪迂谬，幸甚。
又云∶伤寒病四五日，发热鼻干，口燥咽痛者，阳明自病也。阳明属胃，汗多
则胃汁干，故津液不能潮咽而干痛者，宜用人参败毒散主之。
又云∶伤寒三五日，咽喉中有肿，其色鲜红，痰涎自出，头痛项强，须知属太
阳经邪气入于经络，触动心间。但积热之毒攻咽，则咽喉肿痛，宜甘桔汤内加牛蒡
子、玄参、生川连三味，吹药同前。
又云∶伤寒八九日已上，身无潮热，腹痛自利，而咽喉痛者，此太阳经受病也。伤
寒得汗已不解，转入太阴，腹满时痛自利，而咽喉肿痛，其色微白，此证可治，用真
武汤主之；所谓真武者能补下元，助阳正气，以手足和暖为妙。经云∶但要口中红
活有痰可治，宜随证加减用药；若口中黑则血已枯干，声哑目上视汗出者，不能治
矣，切宜仔细看证。
又云∶伤寒八九日已上，得汗已不散，喉咙痛，舌干唇燥者，此少阴经自病也。太
阴经受病，得汗后未解，传入少阴经，少阴属肾，汗多则肾汁干，其肾水不能潮润
咽喉，故其病也。如自利腹中痛，手足厥冷，咽中肿痛，不可吞咽，如无涎唾及舌上干者不治。
又云∶病患八九日已上，身微热无他证，但喉中痛而无肿，声哑者不治。
又云∶伤寒十余日已上，得汗已病解，无潮热，脉平静而咽喉痛者，此余毒上攻
也。宜用粘子解毒汤。
又云∶阴毒伤寒身体重，背强，眼痛
不堪任，小腹急痛青黑毒瓦斯冲心，四肢厥冷，恶心吐逆，咽喉不利，脉沉细。若能
速治，调医数十日之内全愈，否则难生。
又云∶若伤寒传经日久，证变后烦满咽喉痛，舌卷而卵缩者，不治。
All conditions involving throat carbuncles and ulcers (Yanyang Yongju), wind-bi syndrome, and hoarseness are compiled in this section for easy reference and treatment.
Chen Shigong stated: Although the throat belongs to the Lung, the causes of disease vary. There is a distinction between deficiency fire and excess fire, as well as between tight-throat wind (Jin Hou Feng) and slow-throat wind (Man Hou Feng).
The pharynx is the gateway for respiration for the Heart, Lung, Liver, and Kidney, and the channel for the intake and output of food and sound. This relates to the whole body and causes harm rapidly. Deficiency fire presents with pale color and slight swelling, with a fine and subtle pulse. Urine is clear and white, and bowel movements are normal. This results from excessive worry, insufficiency of Middle Qi, and the Spleen Qi's inability to protect the center, allowing deficiency fire to flare upward easily. Symptoms include dryness of the pharynx, obstruction to eating and drinking, coughing up salivary fluid, and difficulty breathing. The tongue surface may develop moss-like growths resembling shrimp skins or chaotic thatch grass; puncturing the throat is indicated. It may also feel as if a hard object is stuck in the pharynx, accompanied by vomiting of sour water, belching of sweet saliva, and in severe cases, white coating on the tongue and alum-colored lips. Voice becomes hoarse, with panting and much phlegm. All these manifestations stem from deficiency fire arising from insufficiency of Yuan Qi. Treatment must not mistakenly use cold-cooling herbs. Pain in the morning indicates Qi deficiency; treat with Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) plus Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus), and Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix). Pain in the afternoon indicates Yin deficiency; treat with Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) plus Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Xuanshen, and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex). If ineffective, add Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) as guides; this is an auxiliary treatment method.
Excess fire arises from consuming rich wine and pungent, spicy foods, causing heat accumulation internally. Over time, fire stirs and phlegm generates, leading to throat swelling. In severe cases, wind-phlegm obstructs upward, closing the throat gate, so that after a moment, neither soup nor water can enter, and no voice can be produced. This is called Hou Bi (Throat Obstruction) or Jin Hou Feng (Tight-Throat Wind). If medication cannot be administered immediately, first puncture the throat to vent toxic blood, then use tung oil-soaked chicken feathers to induce vomiting of thick phlegm. Ensure all phlegm-toxin is expelled and the throat gate relaxes so that medicine can enter and voice can emerge before stopping. Internally administer Qingyan Lige Tang (Clear Throat and Benefit Diaphragm Decoction) to disperse residual toxin. If the jaw is tightly closed and difficult to medicate, first puncture Shaoshang (LU-11) to bleed; the closure will naturally open. If puncturing and inducing vomiting yield no phlegm, and the patient has a sawing sound, flaring nostrils, panting with phlegm, inability to swallow liquids, and loss of voice, this is a true death sign and is difficult to treat. (*Waike Zhengzong*)
It is further stated: Deficiency fire leads to Man Hou Feng (Slow-Throat Wind), while excess fire leads to Jin Hou Feng (Tight-Throat Wind).
Medical classics state: For any throat closure without bleeding, throat wind without expectoration, throat abscess without draining pus, or throat bi/throat tonsil without needle-cauterization, these are all illegal methods.
Master Qi stated: When deficiency fire boils in the throat, mouth, and teeth, cold-cooling herbs provide brief relief, but symptoms worsen shortly after. Repeated use of cold herbs causes diarrhea and abdominal pain while upper heat intensifies. Using hot herbs requires cooling them down, but patients often distrust this and refuse mild treatment. Thus, external therapy is used to guide the fire out, leading to recovery. Use one Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) ground into powder, mixed with rice vinegar into a paste, and applied to Yongquan (KI-1). Shortly thereafter, the fire energy subsides, heat stops, and the area becomes ice-cold. Then, administer a large dose of Liuwei Dihuang Tang (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) orally, and the fire will no longer boil. This fire is like thunder-fire; it becomes more fierce when encountering water. Have you not seen thunderstorms? During heavy rain and dark clouds, the thunder shakes the earth more violently. But when the sun shines brightly, the rain stops, the sound fades, and silence returns. Have you not observed winter? Severe cold, frost, and snow freeze the fields; rain and snow fall heavily, and yin winds are harsh. This is heaven's qi descending and earth's qi rising; because the lower part is hot, the upper part becomes cold. Have you not observed summer? Scorching sun, intense heat, burning wood and forests, boiling water; heaven's qi rises and earth's qi descends; thus, the upper part is hot and the lower part is cold. Human deficiency fire is similar. Now that fire surges upward, the lower body is ice-cold. Using the highly hot herb Fuzi at Yongquan to guide it works because although Yongquan is a water point, it contains fire qi within. Fire nature tends to rise, but the point is cold. Suddenly receiving fire, the water boils and warms; warm water causes fire to descend. Similar energies interact and return to their dwelling. Once fire returns to its dwelling, why would it boil in the heavens? This sudden elimination of fire in the throat and teeth has a miraculous effect beyond understanding. One must understand this clever guiding treatment, which is the external application of the method "Guiding Fire Back to its Source" (Yin Huo Gui Yuan). (*Yangyi Mulu*)
Dai Shi stated: Stiff tongue root with rotting sides is named Chanshe Hou Feng (Entangling-Tongue Throat Wind). Wash with Yangmaobi (sheep's wool pen) dipped in Gancao Tang (Licorice Decoction), then apply blowing powder.
Feng Luzhan stated: The throat is the vital hub of the body and the pathway for water and grain. If heat-toxin accumulates in the chest and diaphragm, generating wind-phlegm that stagnates and does not disperse, it manifests as throat diseases, internal sores resembling rotting flesh, blockage preventing swallowing, such as Dan Rou'e (Single Flesh Tonsil), Shuang Rou'e (Double Flesh Tonsil), and cheek swelling. In severe cases, both inside and outside swell, attacking the head and face. Treatment should first induce vomiting of wind-phlegm to unblock the throat and diaphragm, then resolve heat-toxin, clear the Lung and Stomach. Delay means no rescue. (*Yangyi Jinnang*)
It is further stated: Throat sores and pain mostly belong to deficiency-heat. Blood deficiency allows deficiency fire to roam unchecked, lodging in the throat. For deficiency patterns, use Bawei Dihuang Tang (Eight-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill Decoction) plus Nixi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) and Wuweizi, decocted and taken cold before meals. For excess patterns, use Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Jiangzhi (Ginger Juice), Xiaosha (Natrii Sulfas), and Honey to hold in the mouth and dissolve. Jingjie is essential for throat pain; for Yin deficiency with flaming-up fire, Xuanshen is essential. Some use Qiancao (Rubiae Cordifoliae Radix) one liang per dose because it can descend fire in the blood.
It is further stated: The Hou (Larynx) and Yan (Pharynx) are different. The Hou is the portal of the Lung for respiration, governing exit but not entry; the Yan is the pathway of the Stomach for food and drink, governing entry but not exit. Generally, the throat governs respiration and ascending/descending, serving as the critical bellows of the body. Classics state: Diseases generated by Foot-Shaoyin include thirst, dry tongue, swollen throat, upward rushing qi, dryness and pain in the throat. *Suwen* states: Pathogens invading the collateral of Foot-Shaoyin cause throat pain and inability to eat. It is also stated: The collateral of Foot-Shaoyin follows the throat and connects to the root of the tongue. All throat pains are diseases of Shaoyin, though they have distinctions of cold/heat and deficiency/excess. Shaoyin fire rushes like a galloping horse, counter-flowing upward. At the tight lock of the throat, qi stagnates and cannot relax, causing swelling or pain. Symptoms must include internal heat, dry mouth, red blood, surging phlegm-saliva, and a rapid yet forceless chi pulse. This is due to Kidney Water depletion and uncontrolled Ministerial Fire. Treat with Liuyi Dihuang Tang (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill Decoction) plus Maidong and Wuweizi, decocted in large doses. Another case involves excessive sexual activity depleting Yuan Yang, causing rootless fire to roam unchecked and lodge in the throat. Treat with Bawei Shenqi Wan (Eight-Ingredient Kidney Qi Pill) decocted in large doses, given cold to drink, to guide fire back to its source; this may save the patient. This treatment for Yin-deficiency throat pain aligns with Chu's principle of "treating the lower for upper diseases."
It is further stated: When Yin qi is severely deficient, deficiency fire is uncontrolled, and solitary Yang flies away, lodging in the throat causing pain, the pulse must be floating and large, but deep pressure reveals choppy quality; death is near. Use Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) alone, decocted strongly, and sip slowly. If treated as an excess pattern with clearing/draining herbs, disaster will follow instantly. I always decoct Ren Shen with Tongbian (Child's Urine) and Zhi Fuzi (Prepared Aconite), take it warm before meals, to control deficiency fire and guide it downward for cure. If using Ren Shen alone and sipping slowly, floating fire may intensify, which is unsafe. Unfortunately, people only know heat-throat pain and do not know cold-throat pain. Classics state: When Taiyang is in the Earthly Branch, excessive Cold invades, causing people to suffer throat pain and submandibular swelling. Chen Cangqi used Fuzi peeled and cored, roasted and sliced, coated with honey and roasted until honey penetrates, held in the mouth to swallow saliva, changing when flavor is gone. Zhang Zhongjing stated: With diarrhea of undigested food, interior cold exterior heat, faint pulse nearly absent, red face and throat pain, use Tongmai Sini Tang (Pulse-Reviving Four-Reverse Decoction). It is also stated: Winter latent cold in the Kidney meridian manifests as throat pain and diarrhea; Fuzi Tang warms the meridian and cures.
It is further stated: Regarding Si Tian Yun Qi (Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch influences), if village-wide infection occurs that year. If aversion to cold is present, it is mostly sudden cold overcoming heat, cold closed externally, heat郁 internally. Avoid Danguan (Alumen) acidic-cold agents for throat drops, as they trap Yang qi; avoid Xiaoshi (Mirabilite) and Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) cold purgatives, as they drive Yang inward, causing immediate disaster. Use dispersing formulas like Ganjie Tang (Licorice and Schizonepeta Decoction).
It is further stated: If throat pain responds to no medicine, it is not throat pain but a red line in the nose, like a black blister hanging from a hair, cherry-sized, hanging to the throat gate, difficult to reach. Use Tudunxi Gen (Polygoni Multiflori Caulis / Arisaomatis Rhizoma - note: text says Tudunxi Gen/Guchui Cao, usually refers to Arisaema or similar local herb, here translated as Tudunxi Root) single straight and fat stalk, crush, add 3-5 drops good vinegar, grind, take concentrated juice, drip 2-3 drops into nose. Immediately the bead breaks, bloody discharge is vomited/spit out, and peace ensues.
Li Dongyuan stated: Summer cold pathogens lying dormant in the Kidney-Shaoyin meridian often cause throat pain, named Shenshanghan (Kidney Cold Damage). Treat with hot herbs served cold.
Chen Yuangong stated: Dry throat persisting into pain is thought to be Lung dryness-heat, but who knows it is Kidney Water exhaustion! Metal generates Water; Lung Qi clears and generates water from below. Only when Lung Qi is deficient can Lung fluid self-nourish, but when Kidney Water is greatly depleted, to save Lung dryness, one must first save Kidney depletion. Zimu Liangfu Tang: Shudi (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) 3 liang, Maidong 2 liang, decoct in water. One dose reduces dryness, three doses reduce pain, ten doses cure completely. (*Yangyi Bingjian*)
It is further stated: Those raised on rich foods, addicted to wine, overworking the mind, resulting in foul-smelling throat pain, think it is Lung Qi injury, but who knows it is Heart Fire too strong transferring heat to the Lung! Wine injures the Stomach, Stomach heat steams upward, naturally causing Lung heat. However, Stomach Fire steaming the Lung, since Earth generates Metal, wine does not injure the Lung. Only overworking the mind raises fire from the Heart, punishing the Lung. Stomach Fire assists, making fire prosperous, flaming upward along the burning path of the throat, causing thick sticky saliva, dry mouth/tongue, foul smell, and pain. The Heart governs the five odors; entering the Lung, it becomes fishy-foul. Jie Xing Tang: Gancao, Jiegeng, Maidong, Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus) each 5 qian; Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex), Tiandong (Asparagi Radix), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Danpi (Moutan Cortex) each 3 qian; Kuqing (Scutellariae Radix) 1 qian. Decoct in water, take continuously for two doses to stop pain, four more doses to remove odor. (This formula treats Lung, Heart, and Stomach. Rich-food consumers have deficient Qi/Blood in Lung/Heart. Nourishing these two meridities while draining fire protects Stomach Qi/Blood from damage, preventing increased fire. The brilliance lies in nourishing and cooling Lung, Heart, and Stomach; fire retreats voluntarily, stopping throat pain.)
*Yilun Xuanyao* stated: The throat is the vital hub of the body, the portal for Qi and food entry/exit. The Yan receives Qi, connecting to Heaven; the Hou receives food, connecting to Earth. When Wind-Evil lodges in the Hou, Qi stagnates and heats, causing obstruction and throat pain. When Heat-Qi generates from Lung/Stomach, Wind-Toxin accumulates, causing swelling and Hou Bi. There are also Shi Yan (Corpse Throat) and Gu Zei (Grain Thief) syndromes. Shi Yan results from Yin-Yang disharmony, Spleen/Lung fullness, and failure of Wind-Heat-Toxin to diffuse, activating corpse-worms that erode the throat, causing itching or pain. Gu Zei results from rice awns being sharp and astringent, hidden in rice, accidentally ingested, lodging in the throat, unable to pass. Wind-Heat gathers and fights with Qi/Blood, causing swelling and stabbing pain like grain thorns in the throat. Stomach Interior Excess-Heat steams the Upper Jiao, manifesting as white gums and red roots, having throat sore signs.
Dou Hanqing stated: Exhalation follows Yang exiting; inhalation follows Yin entering. Between breaths, the Lung Meridian governs. Below the throat, organs are Yin of Hand/Foot; below the throat gate, bowels are Yang of Hand/Foot. Organs are Yin/Interior; Bowels are Yang/Exterior. Organs store Spirit and flow; Bowels are storeshouses for intake/output of food/waste. Below the throat, the five Zang organs connect to the Hou, responding to Heaven Qi, being the connection of the Lung. Lung belongs to Metal, Metal corresponds to Heaven. Thus, the path of Heaven Qi is hollow and long, allowing Qi passage. Although Hou and Yan run parallel, they differ, yet people confuse them. The Hou is the airway; the Yan transports water/grain. The Hou connects downward to Lung Qi. The idea of three holes in the Hou is incorrect. If there were three holes, grain and Qi would go down together; the Lung has no hole below to transport grain to the Lower Jiao. (*Yangyi Quanshu*)
Yellow Emperor's Book states: The Lung is the canopy of all organs, storing True High Qi in the Lung Meridian. Thus, Clear Yang exits upper orifices, Turbid Yin exits lower orifices. If people do not preserve themselves, Six Qi and Seven Emotions act irrationally, causing hundred diseases. Once sores form, seek the origin. For Hou Bi, Ru'e (Tonsils), Chan Hou Feng, Hou Chuang, Wind-Toxin, Heat-Toxin, etc., puncture when needed, do not treat randomly; induce vomiting when needed, do not treat recklessly. These conditions are fundamental to life and death, appearing instantly. Attacking without knowing root/symptom and losing the method brings immediate disaster.
Danxi stated: The throat is the vital hub, communicating with the Stomach, the exit of respiration. If heat-toxin accumulates in the diaphragm, generating wind-phlegm that stagnates, it manifests as throat disease, internal sores, or fleshy swelling blocking passage, preventing swallowing, even forming Chong She (Double Tongue). General rule: First remove wind-phlegm to unblock throat/diaphragm, then resolve heat-toxin. Delay brings untreatable danger. Heat-toxin rushing up creates sores called Xuan Yong (Hanging Abscess); Bowel Cold can also cause throat closure and tongue stiffness. Use appropriate methods. Or say: Treatment depends on fire severity; mild uses direct treatment, severe uses reverse treatment. Probe phlegm, bleed, treat accordingly. Bleed Shaoshang (LU-11) on thumb to move Qi outward; must apply external medicine. I once used goose feather dipped in rice vinegar to wipe the throat, removing phlegm-saliva. Acid collects phlegm and dissolves stagnant blood. For Ru'e not dispersing, bleed on the tonsil with small knife. Use Mayaxiao (Mirabilite) blown into throat to reduce fire evil. Take Shegan (Belamcandae Rhizoma), Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis), Gancao, Jiegeng, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Dahuang, Baifan (Alumen), Niubangzi, etc., modified by syndrome, to scatter Upper Jiao heat. External applications like Shengdi, Fulonggan (Dragon's Liver), Jiugen (Chinese Chive Root) are usable. If throat sores appear white or red, mostly blood-related, generally Phlegm-Heat. First induce vomiting with Tung Oil, then use Gancao Tang to resolve Tung Oil qi.
Dou Menglin stated: The throat department had theories established by my late grandfather; how dare I speak again! Sitting alone and thinking deeply, I cannot remain silent. Throat conditions govern life/death and Qi/fluid intake/output, extremely important. As the main path for essence/qi, distinguishing Lung/Large Intestine exterior-interior, organs connect up to throat, Large Intestine exits down. Lung is canopy, shading five organs, the mysterious gate of life/death. Eating leads to prosperity; fasting leads to death. Life/death can change in moments. Lung governs Metal, generating endlessly, cycling without end. Smooth flow makes five organs flourish, hundred gates open; this is the way of health. Yangming Dry Metal leads to Fire overcoming and disease. Throat conditions relate to Heat and Taiyang Mark. Pushing treatment resolves heat/toxin, dispels wind/regulates Qi, naturally calming Metal. Danxi used rice vinegar to stir mouth for phlegm, meaning acid collects. I think too acidic causes dryness. First use Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) juice with little Xuanmingfen (Mirabilite), pour into throat to lift phlegm. Next use acid water with Xuanmingfen, then honey water to moisten. Gradually probe/vomit phlegm, throat opens. Then nourish with Bingpian San (Borneol Powder), effective. For Chan Hou Feng, if first three methods fail to probe/vomit, use raw Tung Oil, goose feather stir, honey water moisten. Urgently take Niuhuang Qingxin Wan (Calculus Bovis Clear Heart Pill) or Huotan Wan (Phlegm-Expelling Pill) to drop phlegm, then Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction) modified, all heal. If throat sounds like thunder, choking food, eyes bulging, Tianzhu (Neck) collapsing, black face, scorched lips, no nasal breath, protruding eyes, pearl-like sweat, even Lu Ban/Hu Bian reborn cannot save. If throat/mouth condition spreads to neck/head/face swelling, red as firelight, incurable. Urgently use magnetic blade to bleed evil blood, mix Rushiang (Frankincense) powder with egg white to moisten, immediate cure. Then use Bajiao Gen (Musa Basjoo Root) juice to detoxify. If mouth/tongue swells purple-black, urgently prick to bleed, blow powder, very effective. I have used this method for years, saving many. Thus expounding this theory, awaiting correction, hoping for mercy.
It is further stated: Cold damage 4-5 days, fever, dry nose, dry mouth, throat pain, is Yangming self-disease. Yangming belongs to Stomach; much sweating dries Stomach fluid, so fluids cannot moisten throat, causing dry pain. Use Renshen Baidu San (Ginseng Resisting Toxin Powder).
It is further stated: Cold damage 3-5 days, swelling in throat, bright red color, spontaneous phlegm-saliva, headache, stiff neck, know it is Taiyang meridian pathogen entering collaterals, stirring Heart. Accumulated heat-toxin attacks throat, causing swelling/pain. Use Ganjie Tang plus Niubangzi, Xuanshen, Sheng Chuanlian (Raw Coptidis Rhizoma), three herbs, blow powder as before.
It is further stated: Cold damage 8-9+ days, no tidal fever, abdominal pain, spontaneous diarrhea, but throat pain, is Taiyang meridian disease. After sweating, Cold damage not resolved, turning to Taiyin, abdominal fullness, intermittent pain, diarrhea, throat swelling/pain, color slightly white, this is treatable. Use Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction). True Warrior tonifies Lower Yuan, assists Yang Zheng Qi, ideal if hands/feet warm. Classics say: If mouth is red/lively with phlegm, treatable; modify meds by syndrome. If mouth is black, blood dried, voice hoarse, eyes rolling up, sweating, untreatable. Carefully observe.
It is further stated: Cold damage 8-9+ days, sweating but not resolving, throat pain, dry tongue/lips, is Shaoyin meridian self-disease. Taiyin disease, after sweating not resolved, transmits to Shaoyin. Shaoyin belongs to Kidney; much sweating dries Kidney fluid, Kidney Water cannot moisten throat, causing disease. If spontaneous diarrhea, abdominal pain, cold limbs, throat swelling/pain, unable to swallow, no saliva, dry tongue, untreatable.
It is further stated: Patient 8-9+ days, slight fever, no other symptoms, only throat pain without swelling, hoarse voice, untreatable.
It is further stated: Cold damage 10+ days, sweating, illness resolved, no tidal fever, calm pulse, but throat pain, is residual toxin attacking upward. Use Niu Zi Jiedu Tang (Arctii Seed Detoxifying Decoction).
It is further stated: Yin-Du Cold Damage, body heavy, back stiff, unbearable eye pain, lower abdominal urgent pain, blue-black toxic gas rushing to Heart, cold limbs, nausea/vomiting, throat discomfort, deep/fine pulse. If treated quickly, recover in dozens of days; otherwise difficult to live.
It is further stated: If Cold Damage transmits meridians for long time, syndrome changes to irritability/fullness, throat pain, curled tongue, retracted testicles, untreatable.