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Miliaria is generated by the injury of summer-heat and pathogenic heat.

Miliaria presents with pain and itching.
Prepared Mung Bean Powder (lightly stir-fried, 4 liang) Talcum (5 qian)
Grind evenly and dust on the affected area.
Another prescription: Wash with snow water; symptoms decrease as washing proceeds.
Another prescription: Slice Cucumber (i.e., Trichosanthes cucumerina), rub on the affected area, and it will heal immediately.
Another prescription: Dusting with stone powder is effective.
When miliaria is rubbed broken into sores, it promotes tissue regeneration and relieves pain. (Ji Yan)
Red Halloysite Cinnabar Barium Sulfate Phosphate Yellow Bark (remove coarse bark) Aged Tea (each 5 qian) White Flour (2 liang) Borneol (5 fen)
Grind together into fine powder, dip in cotton and dust on the affected area.

Shen Douyuan said: Sores appearing in the nape of the neck and behind the head are named "Swallow's Nest Sores" (Yanwo Chuang).
This is caused by damp-heat in the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. (Qi Xuan)

Swallow's Nest Earth Dan (Shen Douyuan Prescription)
Tobacco Gum (1 liang) Swallow's Nest Earth (3 qian) Calomel (1 qian) Calcined Alum (5 fen)
Grind together into fine powder, mix with clear sesame oil, and rub onto the affected area for miraculous effect.

Qian Qinglun said: Any sore appearing in infants within one hundred days after birth is named "Postpartum Sore" (Ruchuang). It is caused by fetal toxin. If it spreads from the body gradually to the head and covers the eyebrows, it heals; if it spreads from the head gradually to the abdomen, it is difficult to treat. Internal administration of Rhinoceros Horn Pill is suitable to resolve its toxicity. (You Ke Liang Fang)

Rhinoceros Horn Pill (Qian Qinglun Prescription) Treats fetal toxin postpartum sores.
Bambusae Fructus Scutellatae Radix Saposhnikoviae Antelope Cornu Whole Scorpion (washed in wine) Whitish Silkworm Qianghuo Gastrodia Elata Beijing Inkstick (until slight smoke appears)
Coptis Rhizome Rhinoceros Horn Arisaema Cum Bile Ephedrae Herba Rhinoceros Calculus (equal parts)
Grind into fine powder. Make pills using steamed bread paste, sized like Euryale Seed, coated with Cinnabar and Gold Leaf. Take one pill per dose, washed down with Mint Decoction.

From fever onset, rash reporting, pus filling, swelling, and scabbing, to predicting favorable or unfavorable outcomes based on facial and ear locations, various secret techniques and methods not previously transmitted are compiled here for reference and treatment.

Zhu Chongu said: Examining ancient times, there was no mention of smallpox, nor books on treating it. Even in Su Wen, there is not a single word about smallpox. Did Huangdi and Qibo consider smallpox trivial and not ask about it? Probably during the time of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, the sky was clear, the earth peaceful, people were simple and honest, and empty evils and harsh toxins had no way to arise. It was only during the Jianwu era of the Han Dynasty, when campaigning at the borders and contracting toxins, that this disease arose in the army. This theory comes from Wan Mizhai's Dou Zhen Xin Yao. Checking history, in the 25th year of Jianwu, campaigns against the Wuling Man occurred. Fubo Army stationed at Xiajun advanced from Hutou. Severe heat prevailed, and most soldiers died of epidemic diseases. Reinforcements also fell ill and died in camp. The historical records labeled it an epidemic, likely meaning it was smallpox. However, given the long passage of time, we retain it for future correction. In short, they did not know what disease it was then; because its growth, flourishing, harvesting, and storage resembled smallpox with sharp, round, red, and lustrous features, it was named smallpox. Later, returning troops brought the toxic miasma into China. Various physicians discussed treatments, relying on the statement in Nei Jing: "All pain, itching, sores, and ulcers belong to Heart Fire," as the key principle for treating smallpox. Little did they know that smallpox differs vastly from other sores. For other sores, when unformed, they can be resolved by detoxification or internal dissipation; when formed, they can be broken open, and even after breaking, tissue can regenerate. But smallpox cannot be detoxified, cannot be internally dissolved, and cannot be broken open. After three days of fever, smallpox seeds appear. Three days after erupting, they fully emerge. Then, pus fills sequentially: starting from the face, spreading to the body, and finally reaching the feet. The goal is full, thick pus, slowly drying and forming scabs, completing success within twelve days. From the onset of fever, the severity of heat indicates the speed of eruption, revealing density. Observing eruption sites predicts auspiciousness or ominous signs. Observing the shape and color of pustules reveals deficiency or excess. Regarding swelling and pus filling, timing limits, observing form and color, distinguishing deficiency/excess and cold/heat, and medicating accordingly are crucial for pus formation. Missing this window leads to failure to form pus; even with miraculous remedies, death is inevitable. Jiowu Nie Shuo: Life or death in smallpox depends on the presence of pus. Pus allows toxins to dissipate outward, leading to survival; lack of pus causes toxins to attack inward, leading to death. Once pus forms and scabs thicken with a dark yellow color, it is a favorable syndrome. In short, smallpox is not treated like other sores. The statement "belongs to Heart Fire" has no relevance to smallpox origin. Earlier, Liu Hejian and Qian Zhongyang prescribed mainly for detoxification, using mostly cooling herbs and few warming tonics. Zhang Jiegu and Wang Haicang followed them. Their intent was based on "Heart Fire," using cooling herbs to drain fire. Later, Chen Wenzhong strongly corrected this bias, focusing solely on warming tonics, suitable for deficiency-cold but not necessarily for excess-heat. Zhu Danxi later criticized Chen's bias, adopting Qian's strengths, focusing on detoxification, harmonizing the middle, and stabilizing the exterior. His error also stemmed from rigid adherence to "Heart Fire." Recently, Huang Xiqiu wrote "Three Diagrams of Favorable, Dangerous, and Adverse Cases." Favorable cases do not require specific medication; dangerous cases have treatments. Adverse cases, even with forced medication, cannot survive. He established thirty adverse case diagrams. I observe thirteen diagrams annually that are truly incurable with no hope of recovery. Even with careful formula adjustments, one cannot escape Xiqiu's scope. The remaining seventeen cases have been saved with medication. Thus, I list thirteen adverse cases below to broaden students' knowledge. Other books like Bao Chi Quan Shu have many errors. Zheng Zhi Zhun Sheng, by Wang Kentang, written during his leisure from high office, considering people of all ages suffering from severe illnesses unable to revive the dead, invited various physicians to collate prescriptions, naming it Zheng Zhi Zhun Sheng for student reference. It is detailed and beneficial. However, regarding smallpox, it is extremely erroneous, possibly delegated to mediocre doctors. Other books like Jin Jing Lu, Dou Ke Zheng Zong, Dou Zhen Xin Yao, Dou Zhen Hui Bian, etc., number dozens. None lacks some merit, correct theory, or excellent formula, but they are selected imprecisely and described vaguely. Plus, these books have circulated for years. Not only in remote valleys but also in major provinces and capitals, famous physicians do not carefully investigate or distinguish right from wrong, treating old smallpox books as today's secrets. They do not know of Nie Shangheng (Jiowu) from Qingjiang, Yuzhang, born in late Longqing, serving as Magistrate of Ninghua County, Tingzhou Prefecture, Fujian, in the Wanli era, known for good governance. Regrettably, he was prominent as a Confucian official, not listed among medical masters. Thus, his name did not pass among traditional medicine practitioners. His book Huo You Xin Fa also did not circulate. One must know that Heaven and Earth generated Nie in Qingjiang not just for local children, but to awaken all under heaven and save infants safely in swaddling clothes. Now I alone know Jiowu Nie synthesized smallpox knowledge, opened pediatric insights, with precise discussions, accurate differentiation, appropriate medication, neither biased toward cooling nor warming, deeply understanding the principle of harmony and appropriateness, without excess or deficiency. I, Zhu Chongu, was born late, unable to study directly under him, but fortunately obtained Huo You Xin Fa, read it diligently, pondered deeply through seasons, and suddenly understood, clearing old misconceptions and opening blocked mind. Fearing that such vast knowledge might be lost over time, I now publish it. All pediatricians must study Huo You Xin Fa repeatedly to achieve mastery. (Dou Zhen Ding Lun.)
Also says: Yi Jing states: Great is the Creative Power, the source of all things. Also: Supreme is the Receptive Power, the source of life. The Creative represents the Father, the source of Qi; the Receptive represents the Mother, the source of Form. Human life receives Qi from the Father and Form from the Mother. The toxicity of Father's Essence and Mother's Blood condenses at the beginning of Yang giving and Yin receiving. The initial formation of the fetal origin is the accumulation of fetal toxin, hence named fetal toxin. This fetal toxin exists regardless of wealth or status. Is it attributed to lustful desires, irregular diet, or swallowing blood at birth? Although Heaven and Earth have extraordinary Qi and commands, causing irregular seasons (spring not mild, summer not hot, autumn not cool, winter not cold), leading to disorder of upright Qi and conflict of mixed Qi, then evil Qi invades the five Zang organs, and fetal toxin in the Mingmen penetrates outward, causing smallpox and rashes. (Dou Zhen Yuan Yu Tai Du Lun.)
Also says: Smallpox emerges from the five Zang organs, rashes from the six Fu organs. Ancients spoke without investigating the root, descendants transmitted without tracing the source, leading to errors for over a thousand years. Who knows to辨 their falsehood? I now publish this, not without evidence. Human life receives Qi from Father, Form from Mother. At the start of Yang giving and Yin receiving, the essence of Heaven and Earth condenses. Creative Path makes male, Receptive Path makes female. Inside the fetus, Mingmen exists first, like chaos undivided, like Taiji before division. Mingmen is the Taiji of the human body. Speaking of condensation into form, Mingmen exists first, so the toxicity of Father's Essence and Mother's Blood hides in Mingmen, which is true and certain. Externally, the nose grows first, hence ancestors are called "Nose Ancestors." Internally, five Zang and six Fu organs, externally, hundred bones and nine orifices, all grow day by day, month by month from here. Hence, gestation lasts ten months before birth. Only when Mingmen condenses at the beginning of form does fetal toxin accumulate at the beginning of form. Mingmen is Taiji; two kidneys are Liangyi. Heaven generates Water, Earth completes it. The single Yang in Kan is Mingmen; the two Yins above and below Kan are the two kidneys. Today, people consider the right kidney as Mingmen, failing to acquire knowledge and investigate things. Two kidneys flank Mingmen, representing Taiji generating Liangyi. Earth generates Fire, creating Heart. Heaven generates Wood, creating Liver. Earth generates Metal, creating Lung. Heaven generates Earth, creating Spleen. However, these only complete things, not generate them. Saying Earth generates Fire and Metal seems inconsistent with Receptive Path completing things. Yet, numbers one to five in Hetu are generating numbers of Five Elements; six to ten are completing numbers. Generating numbers are the start; completing numbers are the result. Human gestation is ten months, obtaining Heaven and Earth's completing numbers. Some are born at seven, eight, or nine months, raised to adulthood, marry, and reproduce. Thus, six to ten are clearly completing numbers. However, Earth generates Fire and Metal, but Heaven envelops Earth, its Qi circulating within Earth. Earth's isolated Yin cannot generate Fire and Metal alone; it requires Heaven's Qi penetrating to generate Fire and Metal, actually resulting from Heaven and Earth, Yin and Yang cooperation, producing Water, Fire, Wood, Metal, Earth. Someone asks: You say fetal toxin hides in Mingmen, which is reasonable, why mention Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lung, Kidney again? Reply: What words are these! Mingmen is Substance; five Zang are Function. They assist each other to generate. Nose Qi connects to Lung. Encountering smallpox/rash Qi, nose smells it, transmitting to Lung Metal. Lung Metal transmits to Kidney Water. Kidney Water transmits to Liver Wood. Liver Wood transmits to Heart Fire. Heart Fire transmits to Spleen Earth. In one day and night, it rotates once around the heavens. Next morning, Spleen Earth transmits to Lung Metal again, then Kidney, Liver, Heart, back to Spleen. One day and night, another rotation. Next morning, again to Lung. Five days and nights transmit through all five Zang. Smallpox/rash seasonal Qi enters from outside to inside; Mingmen fetal toxin emits from inside to outside. By sixth day, slight fever; by seventh day, high fever. Another asks: How do you know so precisely? Reply: By seed vaccination gaining insight into creation's mechanism. Naturally erupted smallpox is infectious via invisible Qi; seeded smallpox is guided by visible scabs. Naturally erupted rashes are also infectious via invisible Qi. Fetal toxin accumulates in Mingmen, containing Yin-Yang distinction. Mingmen is Taiji of the body, the substance moving to Yang and stillness to Yin. Yin and Yang hide within Taiji; Yang changes and Yin combines to generate Water, Fire, Wood, Metal, Earth. Fetal toxin accumulates in Mingmen, having substance moving to Yang and stillness to Yin. Yin and Yang hide within Mingmen. Sensing smallpox Qi produces smallpox; sensing rash Qi produces rash. Why? Yin is smallpox, Yang is rash. Generally called fetal toxin; specifically, fetal toxin contains distinct Yin and Yang. At the start of Yang giving and Yin receiving, conception condenses, Mingmen exists first, indescribable, unimaginable. Mingmen is the secret hiding place of fetal toxin, the Substance. Five Zang are the transmission of seasonal Qi, the Function. When fetal toxin emits as smallpox, the stillness and Yin aspect of fetal toxin is exhausted; it never erupts again. After natural smallpox, after three to five months, half a year, one year, or seven to eight years, if sensing seasonal Qi to produce rash, fetal toxin emits as rash, the movement and Yang aspect of fetal toxin is exhausted; thus, it never erupts again. Another asks: Where is Mingmen? Reply: Counting down twenty-one vertebrae from Dachui on the spine, up from Weilu coccyx seven vertebrae, below fourteen vertebrae counted up from below, the boundary where upper and lower connect is the residence of Mingmen. Mingmen resides before the spine, two kidneys flank it, protected by fat membrane, governing the whole body. Moreover, if smallpox/rash erupts without waist pain, it is favorable. If waist pain occurs at initial eruption, Mingmen is injured, not auspicious. Hence, it is the master of the body.
Nie Jiuwu said: Origin of smallpox/rash? Some say fetus eats maternal blood impurities; some say parents' lustful fire causes it. Lustful fire theory is speculative, lacking evidence. However, I have seen pregnant women eating light food give birth to children with sparse, smooth smallpox; those eating rich food give birth to children with dense, dangerous smallpox. Thus, the disease source being toxicity from maternal blood impurities seems evident. Light diet means clear Qi and Blood, light fetal toxin; rich diet means turbid Qi and Blood, heavy fetal toxin. Light toxicity yields few smallpox; heavy toxicity yields many. If attributing all sores to Heart Fire, saying fire arises from desire, causing toxin to knot by fire, thus harming more than other sores, this theory is not entirely wrong. Ultimately, smallpox toxin is fetal toxin. Being fetal toxin, it lies dormant in five Zang, erupting upon contact, not erupting without contact. Hence, eruption has early or late timing. Before eruption, form and Qi vanish, indescribable, like unlit fire, where to find? Ancient prescriptions pre-resolve smallpox toxin. Pursuing enemies in a metropolis without cause is unreasonable. Upon contact, eruption is sudden and uncontrollable. Its toxic miasma originates from five Zang, truly moving five Zang True Qi. It relies entirely on Qi and Blood sending toxic miasma outward, transforming it into pus, consolidating it into scabs, then organs can rest. If Qi and Blood fail to send toxic miasma out, toxic miasma counter-attacks organs. Like bandits in the capital, if the ruler cannot strategize and drive them out, causing internal rebellion, how can it not be dangerous? Thus, using medicine is like using troops; one must understand this principle. (Lun Shou Bing Zhi Yuan.)
Also says: Many treat smallpox. Liu Hejian used only cooling herbs, causing significant bias harm. Qian Zhongyang also focused on detoxification, using mostly cooling, few warming tonics. Zhang Jiegu and Wang Haicang followed them. Their intent based on Nei Jing "sores belong to Heart Fire," using cooling to drain fire. Later, Chen Wenzhong strongly corrected this bias, focusing on warming tonics. For smallpsores between erupted and unerupted stages, he used Eleven-Ingredient Aucklandia Powder (Aucklandia Root, Areca Peel, Red Poria, Chebula Fruit, Ginseng, Green Tangerine Peel, Pinellia, Peucedanum, Cinnamon Twig, Clove, Licorice). For erupted stages, Twelve-Ingredient Extraordinary Efficacy Powder (Ginseng, Processed Pinellia, Atractylodes Macrocephala, Poria, Angelica Sinensis, Tangerine Peel, Magnolia Bark, Processed Aconite, Aucklandia, Clove, Myristica, Cinnamon Bark). His intent focused on the Taiyin Meridian. Hand-Taiyin Lung governs skin and hair; Foot-Taiyin Spleen governs muscles. Lung Metal dislikes cold; Spleen Earth dislikes dampness. Thus, using Aucklandia and Cinnamon to treat Lung cold; Atractylodes, Aconite, Pinellia to treat Spleen dampness. Using these two formulas appropriately yields great effect. However, using them indiscriminately for cold/heat and deficiency/excess suits deficiency-cold but not excess-heat, revealing further bias harm. Zhu Danxi correctly identified this. Danxi criticized Chen's bias, adopted Qian's strengths, focusing on detoxification, harmonizing middle, stabilizing exterior, seemingly appropriate. The world followed him for centuries without criticizing his errors. I believe Danxi had many brilliant theories for other diseases, but was rash and incomplete regarding smallpox, perhaps a thousand-thought error! Correcting Chen's bias, he dared not lightly use warm agents like Aucklandia, Clove, Cinnamon, Aconite, seeming to stop eating due to choking, blowing on hot soup. Adopting Qian's strengths, he insisted on using Scutellaria, Coptis, Burdock, Forsythia to control tonics like Ginseng, Angelica, Atractylodes, seeming to appoint generals while restricting military command internally and monitoring externally. His error also stemmed from rigid adherence to Nei Jing "sores belong to Heart Fire," failing to penetrate the principle. Not knowing that although smallpox belongs to Heart Fire, it differs from other sores. Other sore toxins, when initially erupting and unformed, can be dispersed and internally dissolved to heal. When formed but not suppurated, they can be driven away to heal. Smallpox toxin originates from five Zang, must rely on Qi and Blood sending it to skin, transforming into pus, consolidating into scabs to complete success. Can it be internally dissolved? Can it heal before suppuration? Thus, other sores focus on detoxification; early detoxification is mild, late is severe. Smallpox focuses on Qi and Blood; if Qi and Blood send toxin to fill pus and form scabs, life; if not, death. Detoxifying herbs often damage Qi