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Chen Shigong stated: Guofa (Stubborn Hair Disease) is triggered by pathogenic qi from abnormal weather conditions, rather than internal toxins arising spontaneously. This condition mostly occurs on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, or in areas of flexion and extension such as the waist, legs, and buttocks. It presents with diffuse swelling without a head, aversion to cold with high fever, heaviness in the four limbs, and severe irritability and thirst. In the initial stage, it is appropriate to administer Wanling Dan (Ten Thousand Spirits Pill) to induce sweating and release the exterior. If the swelling does not subside, suppuration will inevitably occur; treatment should then follow the methods for established carbuncles and ulcers (Yongju). (from *Waike Zhengzong*)

*Yixue Xinfa* states: This syndrome involves pain similar to gout, with a pale red color.

Chen Shigong stated: Choutianluo (Stinky Snail) is caused by damp-heat fire attacking and pouring down through the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It commonly arises between the toes or in the interdigital spaces of the feet. White patches appear and rot; itching precedes pain. Upon rupture, foul-smelling fluid flows out. The shape resembles a snail shell. In severe cases, the dorsum of the foot swells, accompanied by aversion to cold and fever. Initially, wash the area with Gancao Tang (Licorice Decoction), apply Chansu Bing (Toad Venom Cake), changing it every three days. Subsequently, use Zhenzhu San (Pearl Powder) mixed with pig spinal cord to form a paste for covering. Apply Zhenjun Miaotie San (True Lord's Wonderful Pasting Powder) to the swollen area. (from *Waike Zhengzong*)

*Yixue Xinfa* states: Choutianluo arises from damp-heat pouring downward from the Stomach Meridian, causing the interdigital spaces to break and rot. Although the lesion appears small, the itching is intense. Rubbing cannot stop the itch; only when the skin breaks and foul-smelling fluid flows out, causing pain, does the itching cease. However, the itching returns the next day. It persists for years without healing, being extremely lingering and difficult to cure. (from *Yizong Jinjian*)

Empirical Prescription: Wash the area with a decoction of Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Yiyiren (Coicis Semen), then moisten with Huanglian Gao (Coptidis Ointment).

Shen Douyuan stated: Qingwadu (Frog Poison) results from wearing wet shoes and damp socks. Unnoticed initially, it gradually develops over time. The shape resembles a frog. Cases with redness are treatable; those with purple-black discoloration involve pain like knife stabs and are difficult to cure if chronic. Must apply Ruxiang Xuexue Gao (Frankincense and Dragon's Blood Ointment) externally, and internally administer formulas that invigorate blood and dispel wind. (from *Waike Qixuan*)

Shen Douyuan stated: Jiaoyadu (Interdigital Toxicity) is a syndrome of the foot meridians. The dorsum of the foot belongs to the Three Yang Meridians of the Foot, while the sole and interdigital spaces belong to the Three Yin Meridians of the Foot. One must distinguish which meridian is affected and add guiding herbs (Jingyin Yao) to treat it. (from *Waike Qixuan*)

Wang Shengzhi stated: Fushuju (Hidden Rat Carbuncle) mostly arises in the interdigital spaces of the hands and feet. On the lateral aspect of the back, there may be three to five scattered carbuncles, spherical in shape within the skin, with radiating pain. This is Fushuju. If not treated early, toxic vapors attacking the Heart will lead to death. (from *Waike Lili*)