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The *Guiyi Fang* states: Hundred-vessel carbuncle (Baimai Ju) presents with swelling encircling the neck, pain in the neck and nape, high fever of the body, inability to move or rest, and inability to eat.
If accompanied by extreme fear and alarm, upward rushing of Qi with coughing, symptoms radiating to the ears, and severe swelling that cannot be reduced. Acupuncture and Daoyin (guiding and pulling exercises) may be performed within fifteen days; if Daoyin is not practiced and bleeding occurs, death will inevitably happen within eighty days. (From *Zhunsheng*)

Chen Shigong stated: Toxic sores on the shoulder: left shoulder carbuncles belong to the Liver channel; right shoulder carbuncles belong to the Lung channel. (From *Zhengzong*)

Hu Gongbi stated: Carbuncles developing on the shoulder are syndromes involving the Kidney and Bladder channels, causing Qi and Blood stagnation and failure to circulate freely, condensing into carbuncles and boils. The emergence of pus indicates a favorable outcome. (From *Qingnang*)

Wang Kentang stated: This location for shoulder carbuncles is where the three Yang meridians of the hand and foot intersect. It is caused by the constraint of Wind-Heat, or arises from injury due to carrying heavy loads. (From *Zhunsheng*)

The *Ling Shu* states: A boil occurring on the shoulder and axilla is named Jing Bo (Well Carbuncle). Its appearance is red and black. It requires urgent treatment to induce sweating down to the feet; this will not harm the Five Zang organs. If the boil has existed for four or five days and is treated incorrectly (Ni), the prognosis is poor.

The *Guiyi Fang* states: Ding carbuncles develop on both shoulders. Evil blood remains and knots internally and externally, blocking the flow of Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi, developing into Ding carbuncles. After five days, swelling occurs, causing lockjaw and chills. Acupuncture can be performed on the twelfth day; without treatment, death occurs in twenty days.

Chen stated: Dry carbuncles present with swelling on both shoulders and the upper arms connecting to the scapula. Pain persists after fourteen days, and movement is restricted. At fifty days, there is body heat but no redness. Acupuncture can be performed at sixty days; if no blood flows upon needling, it indicates death.

Xue Lizhai stated: Shoulder carbuncles arise above the shoulder bone, resulting from accumulated heat in the Liver and Spleen channels, with toxicity rushing upward to the Jianjing acupoint. Initially, there is little sensation, only soreness and pain in the shoulder bone. It may take six or seven months before the lesion becomes visible. If neglected after ulceration, healing may take five or six years. If the bone at the Jianjing point becomes exposed, the condition is critical. Moxibustion is suitable for the initial stage.

The *Xinfa* states: Zhong carbuncles in the shoulder occur in the center of the shoulder, identical on both sides, belonging to the Sanjiao and Gallbladder channels, also known as Jing Bo.

It further states: Shoulder Wind-Toxin arises at the bony prominence slightly above the shoulder, belonging to the Dachang (Large Intestine) channel's Jianyu acupoint. It is caused by deep invasion of pathogenic Wind lodging in the bone fissures, lingering with Dampness, and transforming into Heat.

It further states: Dry carbuncles arise on the anterior aspect of the shoulder, identical on both sides, belonging to the Large Intestine channel, also known as Ding carbuncles.