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Its death date falls on Bing or Ding days, and the time of death is at noon. ("Bu" is pronounced bū, referring to Shen hour. "Yu zhong" refers to midday. "Yu" is pronounced yú, indicating that when the sun reaches the Si position, it is midday.)

It is also said: The Lung is the root of Qi (vital energy) and the residence of Po (corporeal soul).

It is also said: The five qi enter through the nose and are stored in the Lung. If the Lung is diseased, the nose becomes obstructed.

It is also said: When the Spleen and Stomach become deficient, Lung Qi fails first.

It is also said: In Lung Heat disease, the right cheek reddens first.

It is also said: For those who have damaged the Lung, one should benefit its Qi.

It is also said: The Back-Shu point of the Lung is located at the third thoracic vertebra on the back, and the Front-Mu point is Zhongfu (Ch27) on the side of the chest. (Shu points belong to Yang. In Bian Que's biography, it is written as "Shu," similar to transport; meridian Qi transmits from here to there. Mu points belong to Yin. Similar to gathering or knotting; meridian Qi gathers here.)

It is also said: When Lung Qi is deficient, nasal breathing is difficult, and there is shortness of breath. When Lung Qi is excess, there is wheezing with sound. ("He" is pronounced hè.) The chest feels full, and breathing requires lying on the back.

It is also said: Patients with Lung Heat disease initially feel chilly with shivering and goosebumps, fear wind and cold, have a yellow tongue coating, and fever. When righteous Qi struggles against pathogenic factors, symptoms include wheezing and coughing, pain radiating to the chest and back, inability to take deep breaths, severe headache, sweating followed by chills. Symptoms worsen on Bing and Ding days, and heavy sweating occurs on Geng and Xin days. If Qi rebellion occurs, death happens on Bing and Ding days. Treatment involves needling the Hand-Taiyin and Hand-Yangming meridians, releasing blood drops the size of a soybean, which stops the illness immediately. ("Xi" is pronounced xī, meaning shivering/chills, cold limbs, or pathogenic factors, similar to Cold Damage or Wind Strike.)

It is also said: In Lung Malaria, the patient feels cold in the heart. After severe cold comes heat. Between febrile episodes, the patient is prone to fright and hallucinations. Treatment involves needling the Hand-Taiyin and Hand-Yangming meridians. (Lieque LI7 point.)

It is also said: Heart heat transferred to the Lung transforms into Ge Xiao (Diaphragmatic Consumption).

It is also said: The manifestation of Lung Cough includes coughing with wheezing and sounds; in severe cases, expectoration of blood. If Lung Cough persists, the Large Intestine is affected. Large Intestine Cough leads to fecal incontinence. ("Shi" means stool.)

It is also said: The manifestation of Lung Wind includes excessive sweating, aversion to wind, pale complexion, frequent coughing and shortness of breath. Symptoms improve during the day and worsen in the evening. Diagnosis is observed above the eyebrows, where the color is white.

It is also said: Lung Distension presents as deficiency with fullness, wheezing and coughing requiring leaning for support, and eyes protruding like they will fall out.

It is also said: Lung Water presents with heavy body and difficulty urinating, accompanied by occasional loose stools.

It is also said: Cold in the Lung causes expectoration of turbid mucus.

It is also said: Lung Bi (Obstruction) presents with irritability, fullness, wheezing, and vomiting.

It is also said: Lung Heat causing the lung lobes to dry up leads to Wei Bi (Flaccidity Syndrome). ("Bi" is pronounced bì, referring to the heel/foot.)

It is also said: The Cun position on the right hand is where the pulses of the Lung and Large Intestine emerge. (A pulse that is floating, short, and choppy indicates Lung disease. A pulse that is floating, short, and rapid indicates Large Intestine disease.)

It is also said: Regarding the Lung pulse, if the Qi arrives feeling like feathers but is firm in the center and empty on both sides, this is called "Excess." The disease is external, causing Qi rebellion and back pain with a lingering sensation. If the Qi arrives feeling like feathers but is weak, this is called "Deficiency." The disease is internal, causing wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, Qi rebellion with hemoptysis, and abnormal sounds heard below.

It is also said: In Lung disease with body heat, coughing, shortness of breath, and expectoration of pus and blood, the pulse should be short and choppy. If it is instead floating and large, and the complexion is red instead of white, it is a death sign, as Fire overcomes Metal.

It is also said: If the Lung pulse is firm and long, the patient likely suffers from hematemesis. If the pulse is soft and scattered, the patient suffers from Guan Han (profuse sweating), persisting until the height of summer. (For blood sweat, further sweating is prohibited. "Zhi ling" refers to the command of peak summer heat.)

It is also said: When Lung Qi is excess, the Cunkou pulse (right hand) is three times larger than the Yingying pulse. When deficient, the Cunkou pulse is smaller than the Yingying pulse.

It is also said: The Lung is a delicate organ.

It is also said: The shape of the Lung resembles two human shoulders spread out, with large lobes hanging down like a canopy, attached to the third thoracic vertebra of the spine. It contains twenty-four holes to distribute the clear and turbid Qi of the various organs.

("Zhui" is pronounced chuí, same as "chui".)

It is also said: Diseases generated by the Lung include coughing with Qi rebellion, wheezing with sound, irritability, chest fullness, pain along the anterior medial aspect of the arm, and heat in the palm. With Lung Qi excess, there is wind-pain in the shoulder and back, sweating with wind-strike, and frequent but scanty urination. With deficiency, there is shoulder and back pain with cold, shortness of breath insufficient for respiration, yellow urine, and sudden uncontrolled fecal incontinence.

Song of Meridian-Guiding Herbs for the Hand-Taiyin Lung Channel:
In hours, treat the Lung with Shengma, Nanxing, Kuandonghua, Jiegeng, Yuan Shen, Taixiang, Shanyao, Maidong, Tiandong, Ejiao, Fuling, Weizi, Congbai, Sangbaipi, Pipaye, Xingren, Mahuang, Doukou, Zhizi, Suaren, Huangqin, Zhimu, Jiegeng, Huoxiang, Shihu, Tingli, Guaba, Baishao, Zhike, Zisu, Tongcao.

The Classic states: If the nostrils look like soot, Lung Qi is exhausted, and there should be profuse sweating and severe wheezing. (If the body is hot without sweating, it is a sign of Large Intestine dryness and accumulation, and survival is still possible.)

*Zhi Yan* states: The Lung is "Bo" (vigorous/arising). It resides in the upper part, serving as the canopy of the five zang organs.

*Yi Zhi Xu Yu* states: The Lung is "Bo" (stagnant/oppressed), referring to its Qi being stagnant.

The Classic states: Heat damages the skin and hair; Cold overcomes Heat. Acrid flavors damage the skin and hair; Bitter flavors overcome Acrid.

It is also said: Acrid flavors move Qi. In Qi diseases, do not consume too much acrid food.

It is also said: Excessive consumption of bitter flavors causes the skin to wither and hair to fall out.

It is also said: If white appears on the tip of the nose and the front of the face, resembling dead bone or rubbed-off sweat powder, it indicates exhaustion of Lung Qi. If it resembles calamine, plum blossoms, or white cotton, it indicates Lung pathogen deficiency with interior cold, epistaxis, coughing with blood, belonging to the Lung channel.

Worry moving blood belongs to the Lung.

Signs of Qi exhaustion.

*Ling Shu* states: When the Qi of the Five Yin is exhausted, the eye connections turn, causing dizziness. Dizziness indicates the Zhi (Will) dies first; if the Zhi dies first, death occurs in one and a half days. When the Qi of the Six Yang is exhausted, Yin and Yang separate. Separation causes pores to open and sweat to leak out (Jue Han). Thus, when Yang Qi exhausts externally, there is upward Qi and contracted legs. When the Qi of the Five Zang exhausts internally, there is uncontrollable diarrhea. In severe cases, the hands and feet become insensible.

It is also said: If Yang Qi exhausts first and Yin Qi follows, the corpse's body color will be green. If Yin Qi exhausts first and Yang Qi follows, the corpse's body color will be yellow, with warmth in the axilla and heat under the heart.

*Huang Ting Jing*: The spirit name in the body for the Lung is "Lung Spirit," Hao Hua, courtesy name Xu Cheng.

Seven Spirits Commentary: Po is the assistant of Essence and Qi.

*Ling Shu* states: What enters and exits with Essence is called Po.

It is also said: Unrestrained joy damages Po. Po is the spirit of the Lung.

Huang Fu Mi states: When the Spleen and Stomach fail, Lung Qi exhausts first.

The Classic states: The emotion associated with the Lung is Worry (You). The emotional expression of the Lung is Sorrow (Bei).

It is also said: Worry causes Qi to sink.

It is also said: Those who are sorrowful have blocked and stagnant Qi. Worry causes obstruction and blockage, cutting off Qi channels, preventing communication between upper and lower parts. Qi固守 internally causes the bowels and urinary tract to become blocked and unable to discharge.

The Classic states: When Essence and Qi merge into the Lung, sadness arises.

It is also said: When Liver is deficient and Lung Qi invades, sadness arises.

It is also said: Sadness consumes Qi.

It is also said: The Lung governs killing/death, hence its emotion is Sorrow.

It is also said: The emotion associated with the Lung is Worry. Worry damages the Lung. Joy overcomes Worry.

Danxi states: For Worry damaging the Lung, use Joy to overcome it and Anger to resolve it.

*Ling Shu* states: The color of the Lung connects to the nose. When the Lung is harmonious, the nose can distinguish odors.

It is also said: The nose is the orifice of the Lung. In Lung disease, there is wheezing and flaring of the nostrils.

The Classic states: The Lung governs Autumn, the West, Acrid Metal. The West generates Dryness; Dryness generates Metal; Metal generates Acrid; Acrid generates the Lung. Its animal is the Chicken (or Horse), its insect category is Shell-bearing, its fruit is the Plum, its vegetable is the Leek, and its channel is the Hand-Taiyin Lung Channel.

It is also said: The Lung stores in stones.

*Ling Shu* states: Among the five Zang and six Fu organs, the Lung is their canopy. Fine texture indicates small Lung; coarse texture indicates large Lung. Broad shoulders, convex chest, and depressed throat indicate high Lung. Folded armpits and spread ribs indicate low Lung. Thick shoulders and back indicate firm Lung. Thin shoulders and back indicate fragile Lung. Thick back and chest indicate upright Lung. Slanted and sparse ribs indicate tilted Lung. Small Lung drinks little and does not suffer from wheezing. Large Lung drinks much and is prone to Chest Bi, Throat Bi, and Qi rebellion. High Lung causes upward Qi, shoulder-respiratory cough. Low Lung presses Qi against the Liver, causing flank pain. Firm Lung does not suffer from cough or upward Qi. Fragile Lung suffers from Xiao Dan (wasting-thirst) and is easily injured. Upright Lung is harmonious and hard to injure. Tilted Lung causes unilateral chest pain.

*Mai Jing* states: In Lung injury, fatigue triggers coughing and spitting blood. The pulse is fine, tight, floating, and rapid, all indicating hematemesis. This results from agitation and anger, causing Lung injury and Qi stagnation.

Zhongjing states: Heat in the Upper Jiao, due to coughing, leads to Fei Wei (Lung Flaccidity). The patient coughs, has turbid saliva and foam in the mouth, and the Cun Kou pulse is rapid. This is Lung Flaccidity. If the mouth is dry, coughing causes hidden chest pain, and the pulse is slippery and rapid, this is Fei Yong (Lung Abscess).

*Ling Shu* states: When pathogens are in the Lung, there is skin pain, aversion to cold and fever, upward Qi, wheezing, sweating, and coughing affecting the shoulder and back.

The Classic states: Wind-Cold entering the Lung is named Lung Bi, causing coughing and upward Qi.

It is also said: In Lung disease, there is wheezing, coughing, Qi rebellion, shoulder and back pain, sweating, and pain in the sacrum, genitals, thighs, knees, calves, and feet. In deficiency, there is shortness of breath and inability to complete inhalation, deafness, and dry throat.

It is also said: In Lung Heat, the complexion is white and hair deteriorates.

It is also said: Lung excess causes Qi rebellion and lingering back pain. Lung deficiency causes wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, Qi rebellion with blood, and abnormal sounds below.

It is also said: With withered bones and sunken muscles, chest fullness, difficult breathing, and movement of the body with respiration, death is expected in six months. Appearance of the True Zang pulse allows prediction of the death date. This is a Zang disease of the Lung, leading to death within 180 days.

*Nan Jing* states: External signs include white complexion, frequent sneezing, sorrow, unhappiness, and desire to cry. Internal signs include pulsating Qi at the right of the umbilicus, painful upon pressure. The disease involves wheezing, coughing, and chills with fever. The Lung dislikes upward Qi rebellion; urgently consume Bitter flavor to drain it. (Note: Upward Qi rebellion indicates Qi excess.) The Lung desires contraction; urgently consume Sour flavor to gather it. Use Sour to tonify, Acrid to drain.

It is also said: Lung disease prohibits cold; avoid cold diet and clothing.

The Classic states: Disease in the Lung heals in Winter. If not healed in Winter, it worsens in Summer; if not dying in Summer, it persists in Late Summer, and rises in Autumn.

It is also said: In Lung disease, healing occurs on Ren and Gui days. If not healed on Ren and Gui, it worsens on Bing and Ding; if not dying on Bing and Ding, it persists on Wu and Ji, and rises on Geng and Xin.

It is also said: In Lung disease, the patient is lucid in the late afternoon, worsens at noon, and is quiet at midnight.

It is also said: Lung receives Qi from the Kidney, transmits to the Liver, stays in the Spleen, and dies when reaching the Heart. These are all reverse deaths. Dividing the day and night into five parts allows prediction of early or late death.

It is also said: Sorrow moving internally leads to exhaustion and loss of life.

It is also said: Exhaustion of the Lung leads to death in three days. How do we know? The mouth is open (or mouth and nose are vacuously open with shortness of breath). Qi exits but does not return.

Zhongjing states: Sweating with wet hair and continuous wheezing indicates Lung exhaustion.

Blood coming out with cough, or mixed with phlegm, is called Hemoptysis.

Swelling and edema are divided into ten types. Loose stools indicate Lung Water.

The Lung is the master of Qi, and the Kidney is the root of Qi. Therefore, Qi emerges from the Lung and is grasped by the Kidney.

Tonification: Renshen, Shanyao, Baibu, Weizi, Ejiao, Huangqin, Ziwan, Fuling, Maidong.

Draining: Fangfeng, Tingli, Zexie, Zhike, Suzi, Sangbaipi.

Warming: Ganjiang, Shengjiang, Baidoukou, Muxiang, Kuandonghua.

Cooling: Shashen, Huangqin, Jiegeng, Madouling, Gualouren, Yuanshen, Zhizi, Chuanbeimu, Tiandong, Ren Niao.

Meridian-Guiding Agents: Baizhi, Congbai, Shengma.