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The occurrence of external sores (external ulcers) is governed by Yin and Yang, Cold and Heat, Exterior and Interior, Deficiency and Excess, Qi and Blood, and Root and Branch. Although its manifestations differ from internal diseases, they share a common origin. The initial cause may be an invasion by the Six Evils (Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire) or injury caused by the Seven Emotions (Joy, Anger, Worry, Thought, Sorrow, Fear, Fright). The *Classic of Internal Medicine* states: "Where pathogenic factors gather, the body's righteous Qi must be deficient." In cases of Yin deficiency, pathogenic factors inevitably converge. It also states: "When Ying (Nutritive) Qi does not flow smoothly and reverses within the muscle tissue, abscesses and swellings arise." Understanding this principle makes the treatment of conditions clear. For instance, in summer when heat steams and scorching temperatures prevail, the skin pores are easily open. If one consumes cold drinks or food, heat is easily forced inward. If it lodges in the Zang organs, it results in Sha syndrome (heat stroke with sudden collapse) or distension; if it lodges in the Fu organs, it results in vomiting or diarrhea; if it lodges on the exterior of the muscles and skin, it results in Ding sores (hard, deep-rooted boils), Luoli (scrofula), summer-heat sores, Chuan Du (spreading toxins), Dan Du (erysipelas), or You Huo (wandering fire); if it lodges within the muscle tissue, it results in Yong (abscess) or Yang (ulcer); if it lodges in the collaterals, it results in Liuzhu (metastatic abscesses) or Tui Yong (leg abscesses). At this time, if the Righteous Qi is strong and forces the pathogen outward, treating according to proper methods will lead to easy recovery for internal conditions, resolving in three days, five days, or one pentad (15 days); for external sores, however, the duration may be slightly longer. There are also cases where Summer-heat pathogen lies latent internally and manifests in autumn. When in the meridians, it presents as Malaria; when in the Fu organs, as Dysentery; when in the muscle-collaterals, as Liuzhu or Tui Yong. This is termed "Yang carrying Yin," and medication should focus on dispersing pathogens, harmonizing Ying Qi, and unblocking collaterals. Even if it does not disperse but forms pus, it will not cause major harm. Furthermore, there are cases where Righteous Qi is deficient and pathogens lie latent deeply, manifesting during the Cold Dew or Frost Descent solar terms. Internally, this presents as Fu Xie Dan Nue (latent pathogen causing severe malaria), with cool mornings and hot evenings, or continuous fever day and night, lingering endlessly, leading to Yin deficiency transforming into dryness, spasms, convulsions, coma, internal closure and external collapse, which becomes incurable. Externally, it manifests as sores and ulcers, representing a condition of Righteous Deficiency and Pathogenic Excess, with Yang embedded in Yin. After pus formation and ulceration, although life is not threatened, healing is prolonged and cannot be rapid. These are the general principles of Yin and Yang, Cold and Heat, Exterior and Interior, Deficiency and Excess, Qi and Blood, and Root and Branch, constituting the primary doctrine of the Surgery Department, hence it is presented first.