岐伯曰∶木生酸，火生苦，土生甘，金生辛，水生咸。辛散，酸收，甘缓，苦坚，咸软
，而
味各有所利，四时五脏，病随所宜也。又曰∶阴之所生，本在五味，阴之五宫，伤在五味，
骨正筋柔，气血以流，腠理以密，骨气以清，长有天命。又曰∶圣人春夏养阳，秋冬养阴，
以崇其根，二气常存。春食凉，夏食寒，以养阳；秋食温，冬食热，以养阴。
五欲 肝欲酸，心欲苦，脾欲甘，肺欲辛，肾欲咸，此五味合五脏之气也。青色宜酸，
肝病
枣
五禁 肝病禁辛，宜食甘、粳、牛、枣、葵。心病禁咸，宜食酸，麻、犬、李、韭。脾
酸，宜食苦，大豆、豕、栗、藿。肺病禁苦，宜甘、麦、羊、杏、薤。肾病禁甘，宜食辛、
黄黍、鸡、桃、葱。思邈曰∶春宜省酸增甘，以养脾，夏宜省苦增辛以养肺，秋宜省辛增酸
以养肝，冬宜省咸增苦以养心，四季宜省甘增咸以养肾。时珍曰∶五欲者，五味入胃，喜归
本脏，有余之，病宜本味通之。五禁者，五脏不足之，病畏其所胜而宜其所不胜也。
五走 酸走筋，筋病毋多食酸，多食令人癃，酸气涩，收胞得酸而缩卷，故水道不通也
走骨，骨病毋多食苦，多食令人变呕，苦入下脘三焦皆闭，故变呕也。甘走肉，肉病毋多食
甘，多食令人 心，甘气柔润胃柔则缓，缓则虫动，故 心也。辛走气，气病毋多食辛，多
食令人恫心，辛动上焦与气俱行，久留心下故恫心也。咸走血，血病毋多食咸，多食令人渴
，血与咸相得则凝，凝则胃汁注之，故咽路焦而舌本强。
五伤 酸伤筋，辛胜酸；苦伤气，咸胜苦；甘伤肉，酸胜甘；辛伤皮毛，苦胜辛；咸伤
血，甘胜咸。
五过 味过于酸，肝气以津脾气乃绝，肉胝伤 而唇揭。味过于苦，脾气不濡胃气乃浓
槁而毛拔。味过于甘，心气喘满色黑肾气不平，骨痛而发落。味过于辛，筋脉沮绝，精神乃
，筋急而爪枯。味过于咸，大骨气劳短肌心气抑脉凝涩，而变色。时珍曰∶五走五伤者，本
脏之味自伤也。即阴之五官伤在五味也。五过者本脏之味，伐其所胜也。即脏气偏胜也。
Qibo stated: Wood generates sourness, Fire generates bitterness, Earth generates sweetness, Metal generates pungency, and Water generates saltiness. Pungency disperses, sourness astringes, sweetness moderates, bitterness hardens, and saltiness softens. Each flavor has its specific benefits; diseases of the four seasons and five Zang organs should be treated according to what is appropriate. It is also said: The generation of Yin essence originates from the five flavors; however, the five palaces (Zang organs) governing Yin can be damaged by improper consumption of the five flavors. When bones are upright and tendons are flexible, Qi and Blood flow smoothly, the interstices (Cou Li) become dense, and Bone Qi remains clear, thereby ensuring longevity. It is further stated: Sages nourish Yang in Spring and Summer, and nourish Yin in Autumn and Winter, to consolidate the root and preserve the two Qi. In Spring, food should be cool; in Summer, cold, to nourish Yang; in Autumn, warm; in Winter, hot, to nourish Yin.
The desires of the five Zang organs: The Liver desires sourness, the Heart desires bitterness, the Spleen desires sweetness, the Lungs desire pungency, and the Kidneys desire saltiness. This reflects the harmony between the five flavors and the Qi of the five Zang organs. Green corresponds to sourness; Liver diseases are suitable for sour foods... [text gap] ...dates.
Five Contraindications: For Liver disease, pungency is contraindicated; sweet foods like Jingsi (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa), beef, dates, and Okra are suitable. For Heart disease, saltiness is contraindicated; sour foods like Sesame, dog meat, plums, and Chinese chives are suitable. For Spleen disease, sourness is contraindicated; bitter foods like Soybeans, pork, chestnuts, and soybean leaves are suitable. For Lung disease, bitterness is contraindicated; sweet foods like Wheat, mutton, apricots, and Wild garlic are suitable. For Kidney disease, sweetness is contraindicated; pungent foods like Yellow millet, chicken, peaches, and Scallions are suitable.
Sun Simiao stated: In Spring, one should reduce sourness and increase sweetness to nourish the Spleen; in Summer, reduce bitterness and increase pungency to nourish the Lungs; in Autumn, reduce pungency and increase sourness to nourish the Liver; in Winter, reduce saltiness and increase bitterness to nourish the Heart; throughout the four seasons, reduce sweetness and increase saltiness to nourish the Kidneys. Li Shizhen stated: "Five Desires" refers to the five flavors entering the stomach and preferring to return to their corresponding Zang organ; if excessive, the corresponding flavor is used to unblock it. "Five Contraindications" refers to when a Zang organ is deficient, the disease fears the element that overcomes it and is suitable for the element it overcomes.
Five Paths: Sourness travels to the Tendons. If there is a tendon disease, do not consume too much sourness, as it causes strangury (difficulty urinating). Sour Qi is astringent and contracts the bladder, leading to obstruction of the water passages. Saltiness travels to the Bones. If there is a bone disease, do not consume too much saltiness, as it causes vomiting. Saltiness enters the lower Stomach, closing the Triple Burner, thus causing vomiting. Sweetness travels to the Flesh. If there is a flesh disease, do not consume too much sweetness, as it causes heart discomfort. Sweet Qi is moistening; if the Stomach becomes too relaxed, parasites may move, causing heart discomfort. Pungency travels to Qi. If there is a Qi disease, do not consume too much pungency, as it causes heart pain. Pungency disturbs the Upper Burner and moves with Qi; lingering below the heart causes pain. Saltiness travels to the Blood. If there is a blood disease, do not consume too much saltiness, as it causes thirst. When Blood meets saltiness, it coagulates; the coagulation draws Stomach juices to compensate, resulting in a dry throat and stiff tongue base.
Five Injuries: Sourness injures the Tendons, overcome by Pungency; Bitterness injures Qi, overcome by Saltiness; Sweetness injures Flesh, overcome by Sourness; Pungency injures the Skin and Hair, overcome by Bitterness; Saltiness injures Blood, overcome by Sweetness.
Excesses of Flavors: Excessive sourness causes Liver Qi to overflow and Spleen Qi to cease, leading to calloused skin and everted lips. Excessive bitterness causes Spleen Qi to fail to moisten and Stomach Qi to stagnate, leading to dry intestines and fallen hair. Excessive sweetness causes Heart Qi to pant and distend, dark complexion, imbalance of Kidney Qi, bone pain, and hair loss. Excessive pungness causes the failure of sinews and vessels, dissipation of Spirit, tendon spasms, and withered nails. Excessive saltiness causes labor in the large bones, shortening of muscles, suppression of Heart Qi, congealed and astringent pulses, and discoloration of the face. Li Shizhen stated: "Five Paths" and "Five Injuries" refer to self-injury by the flavor of the original Zang organ, i.e., injury to the five Zang organs by the five flavors. "Five Excesses" refer to the flavor of the original Zang organ attacking the organ it overcomes, i.e., excess of Zang Qi.