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The *Qianjin Fang* (Thousand Golden Prescriptions) and the *Waitai Miyao* (Essential Prescriptions from the Imperial Library), citing the Jaundice chapter of the *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet), both identify the syndrome treated by Xiaofan San (Magnesia and Alum Powder) as Nü Lao Dan (Female Labor Jaundice). However, the *Jin Xiao Fang* (Near-Efficacy Prescriptions) states that the treatment for Nü Lao Dan is the same as that for Hei Dan (Black Jaundice). The *Bing Yuan* (Source of Diseases) describes the manifestation of Nü Lao Dan as follows: the body and eyes are both yellow, accompanied by fever and aversion to cold, fullness and urgency in the lower abdomen, and difficult urination. This is caused by engaging in sexual intercourse immediately after entering water while suffering from severe fatigue and high heat. The manifestation of Hei Dan includes: fullness in the lower abdomen, yellowing of the entire body, blackening of the forehead specifically, heat in the soles of the feet, and black stools.

Generally speaking, Huang Dan (Jaundice), Jiu Dan (Alcohol-induced Jaundice), and Nü Lao Dan can all transform into Hei Dan over a long period. Based on the theory of jaundice, the text in the *Jingui Yaolue* regarding the Xiaofan San syndrome should be punctuated as follows: the sixteen characters starting from "Bladder Urgency" belong to Hei Dan; only "fever and aversion to cold at dusk" (Shen hour, 3-5 PM) constitutes the specific sign of Nü Lao Dan; the remaining symptoms are signs of Nü Lao Dan transforming into Hei Dan over time. Such an interpretation aligns perfectly with the tone of the phrases "obtained from" (De Zhi) and "because it arises" (Yin Zuo) in the original text. Chao Yuanfang indeed possessed a profound understanding of Zhang Zhongjing's intent. Xiaofan San was originally a formula for treating Hei Dan. Since Hei Dan and Nü Lao Dan share similar treatments, the *Jingui Yaolue* did not discuss them separately. The statement in the *Jin Xiao Fang* is credible and well-founded. For details, please refer to my commentary, *Jingui Fang Lun Zhu*.

There are four major syndromes leading to Blood Loss (Wang Xue): hematemesis (vomiting blood), epistaxis (nosebleed), hematochezia (blood in stool), and hematuria (blood in urine). There are also four major syndromes leading to Fluid Loss (Wang Jin): vomiting, diarrhea, Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst/Polydipsia), and sweating. Hematemesis originates from the Ben Men (cardia/upper stomach opening) and is similar to vomiting; epistaxis is named "Red Sweat" and is similar to sweating; hematochezia originates from the Po Men (anus) and is similar to diarrhea; hematuria originates from the Bao (bladder) and is similar to Wasting-Thirst. These eight symptoms are categorized into two groups, taking different paths but converging on the same outcome, representing the most significant causes of fluid and blood depletion. The *Ling Shu Jing* (Spiritual Pivot) states: "Those who lose blood should not sweat; those who lose sweat should not bleed." This indicates that fluids and blood are of the same nature. Furthermore, the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian governs fluids, while the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian governs blood, indicating that fluids and blood are also associated with the same meridian system. Since fluids and blood share the same essence, the diagnosis of these eight symptoms follows the same principles. For symptoms caused by Heat, the appearance of Yin pulses and Yin syndromes indicates the disease is about to resolve; the appearance of Yang pulses and Yang syndromes indicates the pathogen remains unresolved. For symptoms caused by Cold, the appearance of Yang pulses and Yang syndromes indicates recovery is approaching, while the appearance of Yin pulses and Yin syndromes indicates impending collapse of vital energy. These details are elaborated in texts such as the *Ling Shu*, *Su Wen* (Basic Questions), and *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic), and will not be repeated here. When differentiating syndromes, some require separate observation, as seen in the Phlegm-Fluids chapter; others require combined observation, as in this chapter.