味苦微温。主伤寒。补不足。金创痈伤。折跌续筋骨。妇人乳难。久服益气力。一名
龙豆。一名属折。生山谷。
断者可续。责实循名。四棱茎直。相对叶生。红参白腻。赤抱黄明。烟尘瘦折。露汁浮
罂。
礼疏。一成而不可变。断者不可复续也。淮南子。循名责实。苏颂曰。苗干四棱。叶两
两相
对而生。开花红白色。根赤黄色。张翰诗。素质参红。秦观词。轻红腻白。申时行赋。初抱
赤兮若倾。墨经。黄者曰黄明松品。李时珍曰。色赤而瘦。折之有烟尘者良。陶弘景曰。七
月八月采。根有汁。洞冥记。露汁如珠。沈与求诗。出没沙际如浮罂。
味苦咸寒。主皮肤热。恶创疽痔湿痹。下乳汁。久服轻身益气。耳目聪明。不老延年
。一名野兰。生山谷。
候纪白藏。称奇守黑。麻荚支分。角蒿盈尺。寒浸菊华。秋澄莲碧。突兀乔山。上清灵
宅。
尔雅。秋为白藏。李时珍曰。秋后即黑。异于众草。白居易赋。守其黑所以称奇。苏恭
曰。
七八月后皆黑。异于众草。叶似角蒿。生荚。长似细麻之荚。苏颂曰。秦州者花似单叶寒菊
。海州者花紫碧如单叶莲花。名医曰。生乔山。陶弘景曰。黄帝所葬处。云笈七签上清灵宅
。
味酸温。主痈疽恶创。结肉跌筋。败创热气。阴湿不瘳。利关节。一名蔷薇。一名蔷
麻。一名牛棘。生川谷。
异名牛棘。艳说鸡苗。青珠碎簇。红颗香饶。金樱怀核。赤杜分条。和酸捩齿。阴蚀潜
消。
花史。许司马后圃。蔷薇根下。如鸡五色。呼为玉鸡苗。李时珍曰。结子成簇。生青熟
红。
其核有毛。如金樱子核。方岳诗。真珠碎簇玉蝴蝶。苏 诗。香饶点便风。韩保升曰。子若
杜棠子。礼。其有核者。怀其核。新论。分条布叶。陆游诗。村醪捩齿酸。
[Xuduan (Dipsaci Radix)]
Bitter in taste, slightly warm in nature. Primarily treats Shanghan (Cold Damage disease). Tonifies deficiencies. Treats metal weapon injuries and carbuncle wounds. Reconnects broken bones and tendons. Treats difficult lactation or dystocia in women. Long-term consumption boosts Qi and strength. Also known as Longdou (Dragon Bean). Also known as Shuzhe. Grows in mountain valleys.
The name "Xuduan" implies that what is broken can be continued/reconnected, matching the name with reality. Its stem is quadrangular and straight, with opposite leaves. The root has red skin, white and fine flesh, and a bright yellow center. Those with much dust/smoke and thin texture are of poor quality; those containing dew juice appear full like floating poppy pods.
*Lishu* states: "Once formed, it cannot change; what is broken cannot be reconnected." *Huainanzi* states: "Follow the name to examine the reality." Su Song states: The seedling stalk has four edges, and leaves grow pairwise opposite each other. It blooms red and white flowers; the root is reddish-yellow. Zhang Han's poem says: "White quality mixed with red." Qin Guan's ci says: "Light red and greasy white." Shen Shixing's fu says: "Initially holding red as if pouring." *Mo Jing* states: "Yellow ones are called Huangming Songpin." Li Shizhen states: Those that are red in color and thin, emitting smoke when broken, are superior. Tao Hongjing states: Harvest in July and August. The root contains juice. *Dongming Ji* states: Dew juice resembles pearls. Shen Yuqiu's poem says: "Emerging and disappearing at the sandy shore like a floating angling basket."
[Loulu (Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba)]
Bitter and salty in taste, cold in nature. Primarily treats skin heat. Treats malignant sores, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, and damp bi-syndrome. Promotes lactation. Long-term consumption lightens the body, benefits Qi, clarifies ears and eyes, prevents aging, and prolongs life. Also known as Yelan (Wild Orchid). Grows in mountain valleys.
Houji records: "Baicang" (Autumn), claiming wonder by guarding blackness. Hemp pods branch out, Aconitum-like herbs fill a chi. Cold-soaked chrysanthemum flowers, autumn-clear lotus greens. The abrupt Qiao Mountain is the dwelling of Upper Clarity.
*erya* states: Autumn is called Baicang. Li Shizhen states: After autumn it turns black, differing from common grasses. Bai Juyi's fu says: "Guarding its blackness thus earns the title of wonder." Su Gong states: After July and August, all turn black, differing from common grasses. Leaves resemble Aconitum-like herbs, bearing pods, long like fine hemp pods. Su Song states: Varieties from Qinzhou have flowers resembling single-leaf cold chrysanthemums; varieties from Haizhou have purple-blue flowers resembling single-leaf lotuses. *Mingyi Bielu* states: Grows on Qiao Mountain. Tao Hongjing states: It is the burial place of the Yellow Emperor. *Yunji Qiqian* mentions "Upper Clarity Dwelling."
[Yingshi (Rosae Chinensis Fructus / Rosa Laevigata Fruit)]
Sour in taste, warm in nature. Primarily treats carbuncles, ulcers, and malignant sores. Treats knotted flesh and injured tendons. Clears heat from deteriorating wounds. Treats chronic dampness in the yin region that does not heal. Benefits joint movement. Also known as Qiangwei (Rose). Also known as Qiangma. Also known as Niujie (Ox Thorn). Grows in river valleys.
Aliased as Niujie. Described vividly as chicken chicks. Green pearls in crushed clusters, red berries fragrant and abundant. Golden thorn apples hold their cores, red dogwoods divide into strips. Sourness twists the teeth, yin erosion dissolves secretly.
*Huashi* records: In Sima Xu's rear garden, under rose roots, things appearing like five-colored chickens emerged, called Jade Chicken Chicks. Li Shizhen states: Fruits cluster together, green when raw and red when ripe. The core is hairy, like the core of *Crataegus pinnatifida* fruit. Fang Yue's poem says: "True pearls in crushed clusters, jade butterflies." Su Shi's poem says: "Fragrance abounds, touched by the wind." Han Baosheng states: The fruit resembles *Crataegus pinnatifida* var. *major*. *Li* states: For fruits with cores, keep the core. *Xinlun* states: Branches spread leaves. Lu You's poem says: "Village wine sour enough to twist the teeth."