（旧作栀，《艺文类聚》及《御览》引作支，是）
味苦，寒。主五内邪气，胃中热气，面赤、酒泡、 鼻，白赖、赤癞，创疡。一名木丹。
生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名樾桃。生南阳。九月采实，曝干。
案∶《说文》云∶栀，黄木可染者。《广雅》云∶栀子， 桃也。《史记·货殖传》云
∶巴蜀地饶卮。《集解》云∶徐广白∶音支，烟支也；紫，赤色也。据《说文》当为栀。
味辛。主五内邪气，散皮肤骨节中淫淫温行毒，去三虫，化食。一名无姑，一名殿塘（《
御览》引云∶逐寸白，散腹中温温喘息。《大观本》作黑字）。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名殿塘。生晋山。三月采实，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶梗，山 榆，有束荚，可为芜荑者。《广雅》云∶山榆，母估也。《
尔雅》云∶ 荑， 。郭璞云∶一名白蒉，又无姑，其实夷。郭璞云∶无姑，姑榆也。生
山中，叶圆而浓，剥取皮合渍之，其味辛香，所谓芜荑。《范子计然》云∶芜荑在地，赤心
者，善。
味苦，寒。主大风在皮肤中，如麻豆苦痒（《御览》作痰，非）。除寒热结，止利（旧作
痢，《御览》作利，是）。长肌肉，利五脏，益气、轻身。生川泽。
《吴普》曰∶枳实，苦。雷公∶酸，无毒；李氏∶大寒。九月、十月采，阴干（《御览
《名医》曰∶生河内，九月、十月采，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶枳木似橘。《周礼》云∶橘渝淮而化为枳。沈括《笔谈》云∶六朝
以前，医方唯有枳实，无枳壳，后人用枳之小、嫩者，为枳实；大者，为枳壳。
(The old text wrote "Zhi" (栀). The *Yiwen Leiju* and the *Taiping Yulan* quoted it as "Zhi" (支), which is correct.)
**Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi, 栀子)**
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold.
Indications: It governs pathogenic qi in the five zang organs, heat qi in the stomach, facial erythema, rosacea (nasal redness and swelling like wine blisters), white leprosy, red leprosy, and sores/ulcers. Another name is Mu Dan (Wood Cinnabar).
Habitat: Grows in river valleys.
*Mingyi Bielu* states: Another name is Yue Tao. It is produced in Nanyang. The fruit is collected in the ninth month and dried in the sun.
Commentary: The *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Zhi" is a yellow wood that can be used for dyeing. The *Guangya* states: Zhizi is Tao. The *Records of the Grand Historian: Treatise on Merchants* states: The Ba-Shu region is abundant in Zhi. The *Jijie* states: Xu Guang said: Pronounced "Zhi", referring to Yanzhi (rouge); Zi means red color. According to the *Shuowen Jiezi*, it should be written as "Zhi" (栀).
**Ulmi Fructus Fermentatus (Wuyi, 芜荑)**
Taste: Pungent.
Indications: It governs pathogenic qi in the five zang organs, disperses wandering warm toxins in the skin and bones/joints, eliminates the three types of worms (parasites), and promotes digestion. Another name is Wugu, another name is Diantang (The *Taiping Yulan* quotes: Expels Taenia saginata (cunbai chong), disperses panting caused by warmth in the abdomen. In the *Daguan Bencao*, this text is printed in black ink).
Habitat: Grows in river valleys.
*Mingyi Bielu* states: Another name is Diantang. It is produced in Jinshan. The fruit is collected in the third month and dried in the shade.
Commentary: The *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Geng is Shan Yu (Mountain Elm), which has bundled pods and can be made into Wuyi. The *Guangya* states: Shan Yu is called Mugu. The *Erya* states: Yi is... Guo Pu said: Another name is Bai Kui, also Wugu; its fruit is Yi. Guo Pu said: Wugu is Gu Yu. It grows in mountains; the leaves are round and dense. The bark is peeled and soaked together; its taste is pungent and aromatic, which is the so-called Wuyi. The *Fanzi Jiran* states: Wuyi is found in the ground; those with a red center are of good quality.
**Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi, 枳实)**
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold.
Indications: It governs severe wind pathogen lodged in the skin, causing intense itching resembling hemp beans (The *Taiping Yulan* incorrectly writes "phlegm"). It eliminates cold-heat nodules, stops diarrhea (The old text wrote "dysentery"; the *Taiping Yulan* wrote "diarrhea", which is correct). It promotes muscle growth, benefits the five zang organs, supplements qi, and lightens the body.
Habitat: Grows in marshes and wetlands.
*Wu Pu Bencao* states: Zhishi is bitter. Lei Gong said: Sour, non-toxic; Li Shi said: Very cold. Collected in the ninth and tenth months, dried in the shade (The *Taiping Yulan*...).
*Mingyi Bielu* states: Produced in Henei. Collected in the ninth and tenth months, dried in the shade.
Commentary: The *Shuowen Jiezi* states: The Zhi tree resembles the Ju (tangerine) tree. The *Rites of Zhou* states: Ju trees transform into Zhi trees when crossing the Huai River. Shen Kuo's *Dream Pool Essays* states: Before the Six Dynasties, medical formulas only contained Zhishi, not Zhiqiao. Later generations used the small, tender fruits of the Zhi tree as Zhishi, and the large fruits as Zhiqiao.