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The pain of abdominal pain varies in its causation. It may be caused by cold or heat, by summer-heat and dampness, or by irregularities in diet such as overeating or fasting. Regardless of the specific syndrome, Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Agastache Powder to Rectify the Qi) can be used, with Banqian (half a qian) of Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) added; or Zhengqi San (Qi-Rectifying Powder) can be used to dissolve Suhexiang Wan (Styrax Pill).

If abdominal pain is relieved by pressing with warm hands and the patient prefers hot food, this is pain caused by accumulated cold. Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), Zhizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), or Xiaojianzhong Tang (Minor Construct the Middle Decoction) should be used.

If it is cold pain and warm herbs are ineffective, causing increased pain, and the stool is not very unobstructed, mild purgation should be employed. Use Huoxiang Zhengqi San, adding Guigui (Cinnamon Twig), Muxiang, and Zhike (Aurantii Fructus) half a qian each per dose, swallowing Laifu Dan (Reviving Life Pill); or use Sugan Wan (Perilla Detoxification Pill). If there is still no relief, Shenbao Wan (Spirit Protecting Pill) should be used according to the deficiency or excess condition.

For those who have no desire to eat at all, possess a constitution that is inherently weak, and suffer from cold abdominal pain, Yangwei Tang (Nourish the Stomach Decoction) should be used, primarily with Baizhu (Atractodis Rhizoma) and Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), adding Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) and Rougui (Cinnamon Bark) half a qian each, and Muxiang three fen. For any cold abdominal pain or heart-spleen pain, Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) is effective.

Ancients said that all zang-fu organs can have cough. However, cough belongs to the Lung. Why do all zang-fu organs also have it? Generally, cough as a disease comes from external invasion or internal emergence. Wind, cold, summer-heat, and dampness are external; seven emotions and dietary irregularities are internal. Wind, cold, summer-heat, and dampness enter first through the skin and hair. The skin and hair are the exterior correspondence of the Lung. Therefore, even if external pathogens intend to transmit to the zang-fu, they must first affect their correspondence and cause cough. This is the case of external invasion. Internal injury from the seven emotions and dietary irregularities causes pathogenic qi to rebel upward. Since the Lung is the pathway for the entry and exit of qi, the pathogenic qi of the five zang organs steams upward into the Lung, causing cough. This is the case of internal emergence. However, contracting wind, cold, summer-heat, or dampness does not always result in cough. This is because the contracted pathogen is heavy, directly injuring the zang-fu without lingering in the skin and hair. Similarly, emotional injury does not always cause cough because the disease is still shallow, remaining in the primary organ without immediately attacking upward. Thus, in Shanghan (Cold Damage), the presence of cough indicates a lighter condition, whereas cough from seven emotions and dietary irregularities tends to recur after a long time. For various coughs, if the internal or external cause is not determined, Erchen Tang (Two Aged Substances Decoction) with Xingren (Armeniacae Semen), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), and Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) half a qian each is suitable. Cough temporarily relieved by drinking one or two mouthfuls of water is Heat Cough. Cough temporarily relieved by sipping hot soup is Cold Cough. Treat Heat Cough with Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) plus Wuweizi; treat Cold Cough with Lizhong Tang plus Wuweizi. These are proven effective methods from *Yiyu* (Medical Residues).

All types of cough can be assisted with Yingmeng Guanyin San (Dreaming Avalokitesvara Powder). If accompanied by asthma, swallow Yangzheng Dan (Nourishing Righteousness Pill) before meals.

For Phlegm Obstruction Cough with heavy voice and thick phlegm, or cough with blood, chew Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) and Sheng Humaziren (Sesami Semen) each one handful finely, then take with Suanzi Jiangqi Tang (Perillae Seed Descending Qi Decoction).

For cough caused by Wind contraction, characterized by aversion to wind, sweating, or body fever, or runny clear nasal discharge, use Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) with Renshen, Xingren, and Wuweizi half a qian each.

For general cough with excessive sweating, in patients with weak constitution who cannot tolerate hot herbs, use Jusu San (Tangerine Peel and Perilla Leaf Powder).

For cough caused by Cold contraction, characterized by aversion to wind, no sweating, or body fever, or runny clear nasal discharge, Xingzi Tang (Apricot Kernel Decoction) is suitable.

If both Wind and Cold are contracted causing cough, whether with aversion to wind and no sweating or aversion to wind and sweating, accompanied by headache, body ache, nasal congestion, eye irritation, and thick sticky nasal discharge, use Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Green Dragon Decoction). The above three formulas can be used for cough associated with the Taiyang Channel of Shanghan.

For cough caused by Summer-heat contraction, characterized by spontaneous sweating, irritability, thirst, or accompanying cold, and greasy complexion, use Liuhe Tang (Harmonizing Six Decoction) with Wuweizi one qian.

For cough caused by Dampness contraction, characterized by heavy painful body, sweating, or difficult urination. This is often due to entering water while hot, exposure to rain and dew, or not drying wet clothes after bathing. Baizhu Tang (Atractylodes Macrocephala Decoction) is suitable.

Heat Cough presents with dry and painful throat, hot air exhaled from the nose, thick and difficult-to-expectorate yellow and dense phlegm, possibly with blood threads or a bloody/fishy odor, or hard phlegm like oyster meat. This differs from Wind-Cold cough, which has clear white phlegm. Jinfeicao San (Boilweed Powder) is suitable, assisted by ChenSha Huatan Wan (Cinnabar Phlegm-Resolving Pill), Bohe decoction, or Bafeng Dan (Eight Winds Pill) for dissolving in the mouth. In Jinfeicao San for treating Heat Cough, add Wuweizi, Xingren, and Fuling (Poria) to make ten ingredients, boil with one jujube. The efficacy is superior, named Xuanfu Tang (Inula Decoction).

If Heat Cough is unresponsive to various medicines, use Zhuye Shigao Tang (Leaf and Gypsum Decoction), remove Zhuye (Bambusae Folium), add Jingmi (Oryza Semen), a little Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), and more Wuweizi and Xingren. This is only applicable after confirming latent heat residing between the Upper Jiao, Heart, and Lung.

If Heat Cough leads to loss of voice and sore throat, and taking large amounts of cold remedies further prevents voice production, use Shengjiang juice mixed with Xiaofeng San (Wind-Dispersing Powder), taken in small frequent doses. Or simply use pure ginger juice. This is especially suitable for voice loss after cold or heat cough. Voice loss from cough is not exclusive to Heat Cough; medication should be chosen based on syndrome differentiation. Assist with Ganlan Wan (Olive Pill) for dissolving, and drink strong single-ingredient Pipaye San (Loquat Leaf Powder) hot.

Cold-Heat Cough, caused by improper clothing adjustment leading to simultaneous contraction of cold and heat, results in cough upon sudden cold, sudden heat, drinking hot liquids, or drinking cold liquids. Use Jinfeicao San and Xiaofeng San, one packet each, decocted together; or Yingmeng Renshen San (Dreaming Ginseng Powder); or Kuandonghua San (Farfarae Flos Powder) and Ermu San (Two Mothers Powder), assisted by ChenSha Huatan Wan, Bafeng Dan, or Sihe Wan (Four Harmonies Pill) for dissolving.

Cough from seven emotions and dietary irregularities essentially injures the righteous qi of the zang-fu, causing pathogenic qi to rebel upward, condensing into phlegm-drool, and disrupting the Lung pathways. Treatment should prioritize regulating qi. Use Qisi Tang (Seven Emotions Decoction) half a packet, adding Sangbaipi (Morus Cortex), Xingren, Wuweizi, Renshen, and Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla) half a qian each.

For cough with bloody phlegm coming out with food, this is likely due to irregular diet causing Liver Qi stagnation, combined with external pathogens in the Lung. The Liver governs turbid pathways, the Lung governs clear pathways; clear and turbid interfere with each other. Erchen Tang with Muxiang, Xingren, Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), and Zhike half a qian each is suitable.

Cough caused by drinking cold/hot wine or cold water damaging the Lung is colloquially called "Cou Fei" (Congesting Lung). Ziwan Yin (Sinomenine Decoction) is suitable. Labor Cough includes cases where long-term cough becomes laborious, or illness-related fatigue causes long-term cough. Symptoms include alternating chills and fever, or turbid heat without chills, dry throat and sore throat, extreme mental fatigue, thick phlegm, or occasionally abnormal fishy-smelling bloody sputum, and inability to speak. Buyang Tang (Tonify Lung Decoction) half a packet, adding Xingren, Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus), Kuandonghua, Ejiao, and Baihe (Lilii Bulbus) half a qian each, decocted and strained, mixed with Zhongru Fen (Calcitriolum Powder). For sore throat, add Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) half a qian; for severe heat, add Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix) half a qian; for vomiting, remove Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) and add Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) in equal amount; for急促 breathing, add Lingsha Dan (Cinnabar Pill) or Sanchao Dan (Three-Fried Pill).

Long-term cough persisting for years despite medication, with no other symptoms, differs from Labor Cough. San'ao Tang (Three Unbinding Decoction) is suitable, assisted by Qingjin Dan (Blue Gold Pill). If spleen and stomach are normal and eating is unaffected, Jiawei Renshen Qingfei Tang (Modified Ginseng Lung-Clearing Decoction) or Renshen Sutang (Ginseng and Millet Soup) can be used. For sudden cough unresponsive to medicine, some recommend Shengliao Lurong Wan (Raw Material Deer Antler Pill) or Datiansizi Wan (Large Dodder Seed Pill) for cure. This is caused by Kidney deficiency. Although there are root and branch aspects, one should not doubt sudden cough and rush to tonify incorrectly. However, the reason it heals easily is early detection.

Cough with blood is discussed in the Blood Syndromes section under Coughing Blood Syndrome.

Epidemic Cough presents with fever, aversion to cold, headache, nasal congestion,急促 breathing, resembling cold/heat injury, with continuous coughing. Early in the disease, resting in bed for one or two days brings relief. I recall in the autumn of Renwu year, this disease was prevalent throughout the city. Later, in the summer-autumn transition of Jiawu year, it spread from south to north, with few escaping. It was called "Toad Plague." Canxi Yin (Ginseng and Saposhnikovia Decoction) with Xixin half a qian is used.