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The *Classic of Medicine* (Huangdi Neijing) states: The Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) circulates in the Yang aspects during the day and in the Yin aspects at night. If it circulates in the Yang but cannot enter the Yin, it is due to Yin deficiency, resulting in insomnia (inability to close the eyes). Generally, Yang governs movement and excitation, while Yin governs stillness and inhibition. Therefore, when circulating in the Yang, one is awake and active; when circulating in the Yin, one is calm and sleeps. If Yang energy is hyperactive and rises upward, there is an excess of Qi. It is also said: From dusk until the rooster crows, it is the Yin time of heaven, specifically Yin within Yin. If Qi circulates in the Yang while Yin is insufficient, Yang becomes increasingly erratic, and Yin is repelled. What should be still becomes active, and what should be excited becomes inhibited (indicating a reversal of normal Yin-Yang dynamics). The Shen (Spirit) scatters and fails to reside, thus preventing sleep. However, there are cases caused by excessive mental worry leading to isolated hyperactivity of Heart Yang; cases where Heart Qi is damaged and Blood fails to nourish the mind; cases where the Spirit lacks nourishment and True Yin fails to ascend; and cases where the Lung is scorched by Fire, causing Phlegm turbidity to obstruct the diaphragm. A floating and slippery pulse at the Cun position indicates Phlegm-Fire; a洪大 (Surging-Large) pulse indicates Yin deficiency with Yang hyperactivity; a 涩 (Choppy) pulse indicates Blood deficiency. Treatment should focus on nourishing Yin to suppress Yang, clearing Phlegm and descending Fire, calming the Spirit and soothing the Heart.

Main Formula: Danggui Shen (Radix Angelicae Sinensis Stem), Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis), Juhong (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Rubrum), Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae Preparata), Fushen (Poria with Hostwood), Renshen (Radix Ginseng), Maimendong (Radix Ophiopogonis), Suanzaoren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae), Baiziren (Semen Platycladi), Zhigancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata) (each 1 qian).
Add Longyanrou (Arillus Longan), Zhuru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam), Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens), Dengxincao (Medulla Junci) to the above, decoct in water, adjust with Chensha (Cinnabar), and take before sleep.

Zhusha Anshen Wan (Cinnabar Calming the Spirit Pill): Treats Heart deficiency with Heat, restlessness at night, and unsettled Spirit.
Huanglian (2 liang), Zhigancao (Roasted, 1.5 liang), Shengdihuang, Danggui Shen (each 8 qian), Zhusha (Water-triturated, 1 liang, half used for coating).
Grind the above into fine powder, mix with Zhusha, use steamed bread paste as a binder to form pills the size of millet seeds, coat with Zhusha powder. Take 1 qian per dose, washed down with Dengxincao (Juncus Marrow) decoction before sleep.

Wendan Tang (Warm the Gallbladder Decoction): Calms the Spirit and resolves Phlegm (composed of Erchen Tang plus Zhuru and Zhishi).

Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction): Used for post-heatstroke or residual heat after Shanghan (Cold Damage).

Tianwang Buxin Wan (Emperor of Heaven's Tonic for the Heart Pill): Used for Xu Sun (Deficiency and Damage).

The *Classic of Medicine* states: "Binding of the Two Yangs is called Xiao (Consumption)." It also says: "Heart transfers Heat to the Lung, transmitting as Ge Xiao (Diaphragmatic Consumption)." Regarding the Three Xiao syndromes: When the Upper Jiao is affected, there is polydipsia with poor appetite, frequent and uncontrolled urination, and even dry tongue with white coating or cracks; this belongs to the Lung, named Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst), also called Ge Xiao. When the Middle Jiao is affected, there is thirst with polyphagia, hunger immediately after eating; this belongs to the Stomach, named Xiao Zhong. When the Lower Jiao is affected, urine is turbid like paste, complexion is dark, body is emaciated, and ears are dry; this belongs to the Kidney, named Shen Xiao. This is often due to the Spleen failing to transport essence to the Lung, leaving the Lung lacking its source of transformation and generation. The Classics say: "Excessive consumption of fatty foods causes internal Heat." Indulgence in rich, sweet, fried, and salty foods, as well as sexual activity after drunkenness or full meals, damages the Kidney. Alternatively, Yin fluid deficiency after severe illness, or Blood depletion from overwork; although causes vary, Dryness-Heat is the common pathogenesis. One should clear the Heart, abandon desires, avoid rich flavors, cease worrying, and rest to nourish Yin. Otherwise, Kidney Water will not ascend, Heart Fire will not descend, and complications such as carbuncles/toxins and Drum Distension (Ascites) will frequently occur. A solid and rapid pulse is treatable; a wiry and small pulse is difficult to cure. A Surging and Rapid pulse indicates Yang excess; a Soft and Scattered pulse indicates Blood deficiency. Treatment should nourish the Lung, descend Fire, generate Blood, nourish Yin, and tonify Kidney Water.

Main Formula: Danggui, Shengdihuang (each 3 qian), Baishaoyao (2 qian).
For Upper Xiao, add Renshen, Maidong, Wuweizi, Tianfengfen (Tianhuafen); decoct in water, add fresh lotus root juice, fresh Shengdihuang juice, and human milk. For Middle Xiao, add Shigao, Zhimu, Gancao, Huashi, Hanshui Shi. For Lower Xiao, add Huangbai, Zhimu, Shudihuang, Wuweizi, etc.

Jiawei Baihu Tang (Modified White Tiger Decoction): Treats Upper Jiao Xiao Ke with intense Heat.
Shigao (3 qian), Zhimu (1.5 qian), Renshen (1 qian), Gancao (0.5 qian), Huangqin, Xingren, Zhizi (each 1 qian), Maidong (2 qian), Wuweizi (15 grains, crushed). Add a pinch of Jingmi (Rice Grain), decoct in water, and take.

Shengjin Ganlu Yin (Saliva-Generating Sweet Dew Drink): Treats Xiao Zhong, characterized by ability to eat but weight loss, dry mouth, spontaneous sweating, constipation, and frequent urination.
Shigao (2 qian), Huangbai, Longdancao, Huangqin (each 1 qian), Huangqi, Zhimu, Shengdihuang (each 0.8 qian), Gegen, Zhizi, Danggui, Gancao (half roasted), Tianfengfen (each 0.6 qian), Shengma (0.4 qian), Taoren, Xingren (each 10 grains, peeled and pitted, crushed). Decoct in water, take warm.

Jiawei Dihuang Wan (Modified Rehmannia Pill): Treats Shen Xiao, turbid urine, etc. (See formula under "Xu Sun").

Simple Prescription: For Xiao Ke. Baishaoyao and Gancao (equal parts), decoct in water and take. Or Wumei (1 jin, crushed), boil in 4 bowls of water until reduced to 1 bowl, add Honey (1 jin) and Sharen powder (5 qian), simmer slowly in a clay pot to make a paste. After cooling, add Tanxiang powder (3 qian) and Shexiang (0.2 fen), take with water decoction.

Another prescription: Douda (Soybean, 5 sheng), Dahuang (1.5 liang), Gancao (4 liang, crushed), boil in 1 bucket of water until beans are cooked, drink the broth and eat the beans.

Another prescription: Sao Si Tang (Silkworm Reeling Soup), drink at will; highly effective. Stored in jars and buried for a long time is better. If unavailable, boiling silk cotton in water is also acceptable.

Another prescription: Sangshenzhi (Mulberry Berry Juice), Niu Ru (Cow's Milk), Luobo Zhi (Radish Juice), Gualou Gen Zhi (Trichosanthes Root Juice), Tao Nuomi Gan Shui (Starch Water from Washing Glutinous Rice), Huanglian Jian Zhi (Coptis Decoction), Zhe Zhi (Sugarcane Juice), Li Zhi (Pear Juice), Mazizi Zhu Zhi (Hemp Seed Decoction), Chen Sumi Zhou (Aged Millet Porridge). Choose any to drink as desired.

Another prescription: Gualou, Gegen, crush, roast, and grind into powder. Ash from the horizontal wooden bar used to pierce the nose of a male ox, and powder from late silkworm sand, take as desired.