经曰∶诸脉者，皆属于目。目得血，睛能视。又曰∶肝气通于脉，肝和则目能辨五色而明矣
。其五轮者应五行，八廓者象八卦。凡患者煎 、腥酒、房室、怒郁忧思、久视等因而成。痒而
不痛为风眼；红肿刺痛为热眼；肿软酸涩为气眼；视物不明为虚眼。风与热并，赤肿泪出；风与
气搏，痒涩昏沉。血热交聚，致红缕、偷针之类；气血不至，成雀目、盲瘴之形。 红 肉，心
热；黑珠星障，肝火。眼眶赤烂，脾胃湿热；瞳人不明，肾水枯竭。一眼忽痛，乃犯飞丝；瞳子
散大，食毒热甚；痛痒大作，火炽生风；拳毛倒睫，脾受肝克。所谓散热为治目之要，行血为疗
眼之纲，此皆论其标也。治本之理，补益
脾胃，育养心神。脾者，诸阴之首；心者，众脉之宗。脾虚则五脏之精气皆失，心虚则百骸之荣
养皆亏。脉洪火盛，当察何部；涩为血少，浮风、濡湿。
\r五轮八廓图一\ps46a2.bmp\r
五轮歌∶
血轮四 属心经，气轮白肺黑风轮，肉轮上下睑脾胃，水轮属肾主瞳人。
\r五轮八廓图二\ps46a3.bmp\r
八廓歌∶
水 脾胃关泉心，会阴属肾胞阳门（命门），传道肺肠清净胆，津液膀胱养化林（肝木）。
主方 （初起痛痒） 当归尾 川芎 赤芍 生地黄 防风 羌活 黄芩 黄连 石膏（冬
不用） 栀子（各一钱） 荆芥（七分） 薄荷（七分） 甘草（五分） 加灯心二十枝，水煎
，食后服。次加木通、菊花。
痛甚，大便实或秘，加酒煮大黄一钱，煎成，化入芒硝五分，未安再服。怒动肝火加柴胡、龙胆草，
去薄荷。小便短赤加滑石；郁火加连翘。有星障加木贼、蒺藜、蝉蜕。多泪加蔓荆子。痛止去黄
连、黄芩、栀子、归尾、石膏，加当归、菊花、决明子、密蒙花、知母、 精草。目不痛，惟是
黑睛上有障翳，凝结不退，宜养血祛风。去障药多宜酒炒，加白芷八分、细辛三分，服药时先嚼
白豆蔻二粒，辛温退之，去凉药。
凡痛止、障退、肿消，止是隐涩难开，视物不明，药宜养血为主，兼养心神、滋肾水、理脾
胃，更宜瞑目静养。如时行暴发风热，火眼肿痛难开，头面俱肿，怕日羞明，防风通圣散（方见
中风）。
明目丸 生精补血，益肾养肝，退翳止泪，除涩明目。
生地（酒浸） 熟地（酒蒸） 黄柏（盐炒） 知母（盐炒） 牛膝（酒浸） 枸杞（各二
两） 蒺藜 羌活 防风 石斛 枳壳 菊花（各一两）
上末，蜜为丸，每百丸空心盐酒下或盐汤，临睡白汤下。久服明目，兼补阴益肾。
六味地黄丸 （方见虚损）加当归、白芍、枸杞子、菊花、五味子，共为末，蜜丸，如前
服法。
渗湿清脾散 治常患上下眼眶赤烂，属脾胃湿热。
石膏（一钱） 苍术 白芷 白芍 黄芩 黄连 栀子 羌活 防风 枳壳（各八分） 荆
芥甘草（各五分） 滑石（水飞，三钱）
上水煎成，调入滑石末，食远服。
蝉花无比散 治大人、小儿远年、近日一切风眼、气眼，攻注昏暗，睑生风粟，或痛或痒，渐生
翳膜。或久患头风，牵搐两目，渐渐细小，眼眶赤烂，并皆治之。若常服，祛风退翳，除障明目。
苍术 防风 芍药 茯苓 甘草（各三两） 蛇蜕（炒，一两） 羌活 当归 石决明（盐
水煮一时） 川芎（各二两） 蝉蜕（去头、翅，一两） 白蒺藜（炒去刺，八钱）
上为末，每服二钱，临卧时饮汤下。或酒亦可。
当归养荣汤 治睛珠痛甚，血少枯涩。
当归 川芎 芍药 防风 熟地黄 白芷 羌活（等分）上水二盏，煎至一盏，食后热服。
明目羊肝丸 治肝虚风热，冷泪赤涩，内外障眼。
黄连（三两） 家菊花 石决明（ ） 熟地黄 龙胆草 麦门冬 当归 枸杞子 牛膝
防风 羌活 黄柏 人参 柴胡 青盐（各八钱） 肉桂（四钱） 羯羊肝（一具，烙干为末，生捣亦可）
上为末，炼蜜丸梧桐子大，每服七十丸，温水下。
养肝散 治肝虚目痛，冷泪不止，畏明。
夏枯草（七两） 香附子（三两） 俱童便浸透，晒干同为末，每三钱茶下。
明目第一方 古诸贤有目疾皆用此。
省看书，减思虑，专内视，简外视，晨兴迟，夜眠早。
洗方 黄连（五钱）切、煎，上铺稀绢，滤汁洗眼，日三遍。或用黄连五分切，拌人乳蒸点。
又 黄连、黄柏、黄芩、栀子、防风、连翘、白芷、当归尾、苦参、五倍子、荆芥、薄荷、朴
硝，等分为末，薄荷汤丸芡实大，每一丸滚水泡化，频洗妙。
又方（眼胞赤烂）五倍子、黄连、荆芥、防风，各一钱五分，苦参四钱，铜青五分。薄
荷汤丸龙眼大，每一丸汤泡化，频洗。
又 白盐一钱，每早擦牙，以盐津洗面，眼闭一时。
吹方 治一切火眼内障。
黄丹 芒硝（各一两） 雄黄（三钱） 没药（五分）
上研末，吹鼻中。先含温水一口，左目吹左，右目吹右。如两目痛俱吹，久患者勿吹。
拳毛倒睫∶木鳖子去壳捣烂，用绵纸包，捻成细条塞鼻中。左病塞左，右病塞右，一日三次，其毛自起。
简便方 （治风弦冷泪，痒涩有虫） 用肥簪脚插入母姜，拔出点眼 角。
又方（治诸眼疾）春月嫩桑条晒干，净器烧成白灰，用三钱；滚水一大碗泡，打转，澄出清
汁，重汤顿温洗。
又方（治久患目疾） 用决明子炒，研末，每服一钱，白汤下。
又方（治目翳及诸物入目） 用男左女右手指甲洗净，用木贼草磨下细末，刀刮亦可，以灯
草头打湿蘸其末，点翳上，数次即去。
天丝入眼∶忽然一眼大痛，急用铅粉或京墨浓挑入眼，略闭复开，令人撮起上眼胞，看粉白
墨黑细珠即是。天丝聚成者，用光肥银或骨簪脚拨出，如未尽再入墨，取尽自安。
灰尘入眼∶睁眼看水自出，或舐湿自手背，睁眼挹出。
As stated in the medical classics: All meridians converge upon the eyes. The eyes receive blood nourishment, enabling the eyeballs to function visually. It is also said: Liver Qi connects with the vessels; when the Liver is harmonious, the eyes can distinguish the five colors and see clearly.
The Five Wheels of the eye correspond to the Five Elements, and the Eight Palaces symbolize the Eight Trigrams. Diseases arise from patients consuming fried and greasy foods, fishy and pungent substances, alcohol, excessive sexual activity, anger, depression, excessive worry and thought, or prolonged visual strain.
Itching without pain is called Wind Eye (Feng Yan); redness, swelling, and stabbing pain are called Heat Eye (Re Yan); soft swelling and soreness with dryness are called Qi Eye (Qi Yan); unclear vision is called Deficiency Eye (Xu Yan). When Wind and Heat combine, it causes redness, swelling, and tearing; when Wind and Qi clash, it causes itching, dryness, and dimness. Blood Heat aggregating leads to conditions like Red Threads (Hong Lv) or Stye (Tou Zhen); when Qi and Blood fail to reach the eyes, it results in Night Blindness (Que Mu) or Blindness/Mistiness (Mang Zhang).
Red flesh inside the eyelids indicates Heart Heat; star-shaped opacities on the black pupil indicate Liver Fire. Redness and ulceration of the eye orbits indicate Damp-Heat in the Spleen and Stomach; unclear vision of the pupil indicates Exhaustion of Kidney Water. Sudden pain in one eye suggests an intrusion of foreign matter (Fei Si); dilated pupils suggest ingestion of toxic, hot substances; severe pain and itching suggest blazing Fire generating Wind; inverted eyelashes (Quan Mao Dao Jie) indicate the Spleen being overcome by the Liver.
Dispersing Heat is the key to treating eye diseases, and promoting Blood circulation is the guideline for healing eyes; these discussions address the branch (symptoms). The principle of treating the root lies in tonifying the Spleen and Stomach, and nurturing the Heart Spirit. The Spleen is the head of all Yin meridians; the Heart is the master of all vessels. Spleen deficiency causes the loss of Essence and Qi of the Five Zang organs; Heart deficiency causes a lack of nourishment for the entire body. A洪 (Hong) pulse indicates excess Fire, requiring examination of the specific location; a Se (Se) pulse indicates Blood deficiency; a Floating (Fu) pulse indicates Wind; a Ru (Ru) pulse indicates Dampness.
Song of the Five Wheels:
Blood Wheel belongs to the Heart Meridian; Qi Wheel belongs to the Lungs; Black Wind Wheel belongs to the Liver; Flesh Wheel (upper and lower eyelids) belongs to the Spleen and Stomach; Water Wheel belongs to the Kidneys and governs the pupil.
Song of the Eight Palaces:
Water Palace belongs to Spleen/Stomach; Guan Quan belongs to Heart; Hui Yin belongs to Kidney; Bao Yang Gate belongs to Ming Men (Gate of Life); Chuan Dao belongs to Lungs/Intestines; Qing Jing belongs to Gallbladder; Jin Ye belongs to Bladder; Yang Hua Lin belongs to Liver Wood.
Main Formula (for initial pain and itching): Radix Angelicae Sinensis Tail (Danggui Wei), Rhizoma Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong), Radix Paeoniae Rubra (Chishao), Radix Rehmanniae Preparata (Shengdihuang), Radix Saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng), Rhizoma Notopterygii (Qianghuo), Cortex Phellodendri (Huangqin), Rhizoma Coptidis (Huanglian), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao - not used in winter), Fructus Gardeniae (Zhizi) (each 1 qian), Herba Schizonepetae (Jingjie) (0.7 qian), Folium Menthae (Bohe) (0.7 qian), Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao) (0.5 qian). Add 20 stalks of Juncus effusus (Dengxincao), decoct in water, take after meals. Subsequently add Caulis Akebiae (Mutong) and Flos Chrysanthemi (Juhua).
If pain is severe, or stool is dry/constipated, add Rhubarb stewed in wine (1 qian); after decoction, dissolve Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao) (0.5 qian); if not relieved, take again. If caused by anger stirring Liver Fire, add Radix Bupleuri (Chaihu) and Radix Gentianae (Longdancao), remove Bohe. If urine is short and red, add Talcum (Huashi); if郁 Fire (Depressive Fire), add Fructus Forsythiae (Lianqiao). If star opacities exist, add Equisetum hiemale (Muzei), Spina Tribuli (Jili), and Periostracum Cicadae (Chantui). If excessive tearing, add Fructus Viticis (Manjingzi). Once pain stops, remove Huanglian, Huangqin, Zhizi, Danggui Wei, and Shigao; add Danggui, Juhua, Semen Cassiae (Juemingzi), Flos Buddlejae (Mimenghua), Radix Anemarrhenae (Zhimu), and Jingcao. If the eye is not painful but there are persistent opacities on the cornea, nourish Blood and dispel Wind. Opacity-dispelling herbs are best stir-fried with wine; add Baihzhi (0.8 fen) and Xixin (0.3 fen). Before taking medicine, chew two seeds of Amomum kravanh (Baidoukou) for their acrid-warm nature to disperse opacity, removing cold herbs.
When pain stops, opacities recede, and swelling subsides, leaving only slight discomfort and difficulty opening eyes with unclear vision, medication should primarily nourish Blood, while also nourishing Heart Spirit, moistening Kidney Water, and regulating Spleen and Stomach. Rest with eyes closed is highly recommended. For epidemic sudden onset of Wind-Heat, fiery eyes with severe swelling and pain, whole head and face swelling, photophobia, use Fangfeng Tongsheng San (see Stroke chapter).
Mingmu Wan (Brighten Eyes Pill): Generates Essence, tonifies Blood, benefits Kidneys, nourishes Liver, disperses opacities, stops tearing, removes dryness, and brightens eyes.
Radix Rehmanniae Preparata (Jiu Shen - Wine soaked), Radix Rehmanniae Preparata (Jiu Zheng - Wine steamed), Cortex Phellodendri (Yan Chao - Salt stir-fried), Radix Anemarrhenae (Yan Chao - Salt stir-fried), Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae (Jiu Shen - Wine soaked), Fructus Lycii (each 2 liang); Spina Tribuli, Qianghuo, Fangfeng, Radix Dendrobii, Fructus Aurantii, Flos Chrysanthemi (each 1 liang).
Grind into powder, make pills with honey. Take 100 pills on an empty stomach with salted wine or salt water; take with plain water before sleep. Long-term use brightens eyes and tonifies Yin/Kidneys.
Liujun Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) (See Deficiency chapter): Add Danggui, Baishao, Gouqizi, Juhua, Wuweizi. Grind into powder, make honey pills, take as above.
Shenshi Qingpi San (Damp-Draining Spleen-Clearing Powder): Treats recurrent redness and ulceration of upper/lower eyelids due to Spleen-Stomach Damp-Heat.
Gypsum Fibrosum (1 qian), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Baihzhi, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Huangqin, Huanglian, Zhizi, Qianghuo, Fangfeng, Fructus Aurantii (each 0.8 fen), Jingjie, Gancao (each 0.5 fen), Talcum (Water-flown, 3 qian).
Decoct in water, mix in Talcum powder, take far from meals.
Chanhua Wubi San (Cicada Flower Peerless Powder): Treats adults and children with chronic or recent Wind Eye, Qi Eye, causing dim vision, wind millet bumps on eyelids, pain or itching, gradually forming membranes. Also treats chronic Cephalalgia pulling to eyes, shrinking eyes, red/ulcerated orbits. Regular use dispels Wind, clears opacities, removes barriers, and brightens eyes.
Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Fangfeng, Radix Paeoniae, Poria cocos, Gancao (each 3 liang); Ophidian Skin (Stir-fried, 1 liang); Qianghuo, Danggui, Concha Arcae (Salt-water boiled 1 hour), Chuanxiong (each 2 liang); Periostracum Cicadae (Head/wings removed, 1 liang); Spina Tribuli (Stir-fried, thorns removed, 0.8 qian).
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian before bed with water or wine.
Danggui Yangrong Tang (Angelica Nourishing Prosperity Decoction): Treats severe eyeball pain, Blood deficiency with dryness.
Danggui, Chuanxiong, Shaoyao, Fangfeng, Shudihuang, Baihzhi, Qianghuo (Equal parts). Decoct 2 cups of water to 1 cup, take hot after meals.
Mingmu Yanggan Wan (Brighten Eyes Lamb Liver Pill): Treats Liver deficiency with Wind-Heat, cold tears, red/dry eyes, internal/external opacities.
Huanglian (3 liang), Juhua, Shijueming, Shudihuang, Longdancao, Ophiopogonis Radix, Danggui, Gouqizi, Niuxi, Fangfeng, Qianghuo, Huangbai, Renshen, Chaihu, Qingyan (each 0.8 qian); Rougui (4 qian); Ram Liver (1 piece, roasted dry and powdered, or raw pounded).
Grind into powder, make honey pills size of Sophora japonica seeds. Take 70 pills with warm water.
Yanggan San (Nourish Liver Powder): Treats Liver deficiency eye pain, continuous cold tears, photophobia.
Herba Prunellae (7 liang), Rhizoma Cyperi (Xiangfuzi) (3 liang). Soak in child's urine, dry, grind to powder. Take 3 qian with tea.
Mingmu Diyi Fang (First Brighten Eyes Formula): Ancient sages used this for all eye diseases.
Reduce reading, reduce thinking, focus inward gaze, simplify outward gaze, rise late, sleep early.
Washing Formula: Huanglian (5 qian) sliced and decocted. Place fine silk over pot, filter juice to wash eyes, 3 times daily. Or slice Huanglian (0.5 qian), mix with human milk, steam, and apply.
Another Formula: Huanglian, Huangbai, Huangqin, Zhizi, Fangfeng, Lianqiao, Baihzhi, Danggui Wei, Kushen, Wubeizi, Jingjie, Bohe, Poxiao. Equal parts powder. Make pills size of Euryale seed with Bohe soup. Dissolve one pill in boiling water, wash frequently.
Another Formula (Eyelid redness/ulceration): Wubeizi, Huanglian, Jingjie, Fangfeng (each 1.5 qian), Kushen (4 qian), Tongqing (0.5 fen). Make pills size of longan with Bohe soup. Dissolve one pill in water, wash frequently.
Another: White Salt (1 qian). Brush teeth every morning, wash face with salty saliva, close eyes briefly.
Blowing Formula: Treats all Fire Eyes and Internal Cataracts.
Minium (Dan), Mangxiao (each 1 liang), Realgar (Xionghuang) (3 qian), Myrrha (Moyao) (0.5 fen).
Grind to powder, blow into nose. Hold warm water in mouth first. Blow left nostril for left eye, right for right. If both eyes hurt, blow both. Do not blow for chronic cases.
Inverted Eyelashes: Remove shell from Momordica cochinchinensis seed, pound into paste, wrap in cotton paper, roll into thin strip, insert into nose. Left disease -> left nose, Right -> right. 3 times/day, hairs will naturally straighten.
Simple Formula (Wind margin cold tears, itching/dryness with worms): Insert fat hairpin leg into old ginger, pull out, apply to eye corner.
Another Formula (All eye diseases): Spring mulberry twigs dried, burned to white ash in clean vessel. Take 3 qian; soak in large bowl of boiling water, stir, settle, pour clear liquid, heat gently, wash.
Another Formula (Chronic eye disease): Stir-fry Cassia Seed, grind to powder. Take 1 qian with warm water.
Another Formula (Opacities/Foreign bodies): Clean male left or female right fingernail. Grind with Equisetum hiemale to fine powder (or scrape with knife). Wet rush tip, dip in powder, apply to opacity several times until removed.
Fly Silk in Eye: Sudden severe pain in one eye. Immediately apply lead powder or thick ink drop into eye. Blink slightly, have someone lift upper eyelid. Look for white powder/black ink small beads. If clumped, use smooth silver tool or bone pin to pick out. If remaining, add more ink until cleared.
Dust in Eye: Open eyes to let water flow out, or lick back of hand wetly, open eyes to flick out.