（《素问·风论》全）
黄帝问曰∶风之伤人也，或为寒热，或为热中，或为寒中，或为疠风，或为偏枯，或为风也，其病各异，其名不同，
或内至五脏六腑，不知其解，愿闻其说。（风之伤人，若唯一证；及其为变，则或寒或热，或表或里，或在脏腑，或在经
络，无所不至。盖风虽阳邪，气则寒肃，是风之与寒本为同类，但有阴阳之辨耳。《岁露篇》曰∶四时八风之中人也，故
有寒暑，寒则皮肤急而腠理闭，暑则皮肤缓而腠理开。所以病变若此。后人不究其本，而多立风证名目，失其梗概，致
资学人之疑。凡欲辨风者，但当详察此下诸篇之义。疠，癞同，又音利。）岐伯对曰∶风气藏于皮肤之间，内不得通，外
不得泄。（风寒袭于肤腠，则玄府闭封，故内不得通，外不得泄，此外感之始也。）风者善行而数变，腠理开则洒然寒，
闭则热而闷；（风性动，故善行数变。风本阳邪，阳主疏泄，故令腠理开，开则卫气不固，故洒然而寒。若寒胜则腠理闭，
闭则阳气内壅，故烦热而闷。数音朔。）其寒也则衰食饮，其热也则消肌肉，故使人 栗而不能食，名曰寒热。（寒邪伤
阳，则胃气不化，故衰少食饮。热邪伤阴，则津液枯涸，故消瘦肌肉。寒热交作则振寒，故为 栗不食。此上三节，皆
以明风为寒热也。 音秩。）风气与阳明入胃，循脉而上至目内 ，其人肥则风气不得外泄，则为热中而目黄；人瘦则外
泄而寒，则为寒中而泣出。（风气客于阳明，则内入于胃，胃居中焦，其脉上行系于目系，人肥则腠理致密，邪不得泄，
留为热中，故目黄。人瘦则肌肉疏浅，风寒犯之，阳气易泄，泄则寒中而泣出。此明风气之变，或为热中，或为寒中也。
音渍。）风气与太阳俱入，行诸脉俞，散于分肉之间，与卫气相干，其道不利，故使肌肉愤 而有疡，卫气有所凝而不
行，故其肉有不仁也。（风由太阳经入者，自背而下，凡五脏六腑之俞皆附焉，故邪必行诸脉俞而散于分肉也。分肉者，
卫气之所行也。卫气昼行于阳，自足太阳始，风与卫气相搏，俱行于分肉之间，故气道涩而不利。不利则风邪抟聚，故
肌肉肿如愤 而为疮疡。或卫气不行则体有不仁，故凡于痛痒寒热，皆有所弗知也。此节帝无所问而伯言之，所以发其
详耳。下节有同然者类此。 ，昌真切。疡音阳。）疠者，有荣气热 ，其气不清，故使鼻柱坏而色败，皮肤疡溃，风寒
客于脉而不去，名曰疠风，或名曰寒热。（风寒客于血脉，久留不去，则荣气化热，皮肤 溃，气血不清，败坏为疠。故
《脉要精微论》曰，脉风成为疠也。 ，腐同。溃音会。）以春甲乙伤于风者为肝风，以夏丙丁伤于风者为心风，以季夏
戊己伤于邪者为脾风，以秋庚辛中于邪者为肺风，以冬壬癸中于邪者为肾风。（春与甲乙皆木也，故伤于肝。夏与丙丁皆
火也，故伤于心。季夏与戊己皆土也，故伤于脾。秋与庚辛皆金也，故中于肺。冬与壬癸皆水也，故中于肾。此明风邪
内至五脏也。按∶本节以四时十干之风分属五脏，非谓春必甲乙而伤肝，夏必丙丁而伤心也。凡一日之中，亦有四时之
气，十二时之中，亦有十干之分。故得春之气则入肝，得甲乙之气亦入肝，当以类求，不可拘泥，诸气皆然也。又如本
节曰伤曰中，本为互言，初无轻重之别；后世以中风为重，伤风为轻，原非经旨，亦牵强矣。）风中五脏六腑之俞，亦为
脏腑之风，各入其门户，所中则为偏风。（风中五脏六腑之俞，即十二经脏腑之风也。随俞左右而偏中之，则为偏风，故
有偏病之证。）风气循风府而上，则为脑风。（风府，督脉穴。自风府而上，则入脑户，故为脑风。）风入系头，则为目风
眼寒。（风自脑户入系于头，则合于足之太阳。太阳之脉起于目内 ，风邪入之，故为目风，则或痛或痒，或眼寒而畏风
羞涩也。）饮酒中风，则为漏风。（酒性温散，善开玄府，酒后中风则汗漏不止，故曰漏风。《病能论》谓之酒风，义见后
三十二。）入房汗出中风，则为内风。（内耗其精，外开腠理，风邪乘虚入之，故曰内风。）新沐中风，则为首风。（沐头
面中风也。一曰沐浴。）久风入中，则为肠风、飧泄。（久风不散，传变而入于肠胃之中，热则为肠风下血，寒则水谷不
化而为飧泄泻痢。）外在腠理，则为泄风。（风在腠理则汗泄不止，故曰泄风。自上文风气循风府而上至此共七种，所以
明或为风也，故有其病各异、其名不同之义。）故风者百病之长也，至其变化，乃为他病也，无常方然，致有风气也。（风
之始入，自浅而深，至其变化，乃为他病，故风为百病之长。《骨空论》曰∶风为百病之始也。无常方然者，言变化之多。
而其致之者，则皆因于风气耳。）帝曰∶五脏风之形状不同者何？愿闻其诊及其病能。（凡察病之法，皆谓之诊。凡致病
之害，皆谓之能。）岐伯曰∶肺风之状，多汗恶风，色 然白，时咳短气，昼日则差，暮则甚，诊在眉上，其色白。（多
汗者，阳受风气，开泄腠理也。恶风者，伤风恶风也。下文诸脏皆同。 然，浅白貌，金色白也。肺主气，在变动为咳，
风邪迫之，故时咳短气也。昼则卫气在表，风亦随之，故觉其瘥。暮则卫气入阴，邪应于内，故为甚也。眉上乃阙庭之
间，肺之候也，故肺病则白色见于此。 ，普梗切。差，瘥同。）心风之状，多汗恶风，焦绝，善怒吓，赤色，病甚则言
不可快，诊在口，其色赤。（多汗恶风义如前。焦绝者，唇舌焦燥津液干绝也。风化木，心属火，风薄于心，则木火合邪，
神志溃乱，故或为善怒，或为惊吓。心主舌，病甚则舌本强，故言不可快。心和则舌能知味，故诊当在口。口者兼唇而
言，色当赤也。吓音黑，又虚嫁切。）肝风之状，多汗恶风，善悲色微苍，嗌干善怒，时憎女子，诊在目下，其色青。（气
并于肺则悲，肝病而肺气乘之，故善悲。色微苍，肝之色也。足厥阴脉循喉咙之后上入颃颡，故嗌干也。善怒，肝之志
也。肝为阴中之阳，其脉环阴器，强则好色，病则妒阴，故时憎女子也。肝气通于目，故诊在目下，色当青也。嗌音益。
憎音曾。）脾风之状，多汗恶风，身体怠堕，四肢不欲动，色薄微黄，不嗜食，诊在鼻上，其色黄。（身体怠惰、四肢不
用者，脾主肌肉四肢也。色薄微黄，土之色也。不嗜食，脾病不能化也。鼻为面王，主应脾胃，故色诊当见于鼻上。嗜
音示。）肾风之状，多汗恶风，面 然浮肿，脊痛不能正立，其色 ，隐曲不利，诊在肌上，其色黑。（ 然，浮惨貌。
风邪入肾，则挟水气上升，故面为浮肿。肾脉贯脊属肾，故令脊痛不能正立。 ，烟 也。隐曲，阴道也。肾主水，故
色黑如 。肾开窍于二阴，故为隐曲不利。肌肉本主于脾，今其风水合邪，反侮乎土，故诊在肌上，色当黑也。又肾风
风水义，见后三十一。 音芒。 音台。）胃风之状，颈多汗恶风，食饮不下，膈塞不通，腹善满，失衣则 胀，食寒则
泄，诊形瘦而腹大。（胃脉从大迎前下人迎，循喉咙入缺盆，故胃风之状，颈必多汗恶风。胃主受纳水谷，而风邪居之，
故食饮不下，膈塞不通。胃脉循腹里，故善满。失衣则阳明受寒于外，故为 胀。食寒则胃气受伤于内，故为泄泻。胃
者肉其应，胃病故形瘦。腹者胃所居，邪实故腹大。此下当详明六腑之病，而止言胃风者，以胃为六腑之长，即如《本
输篇》所谓大肠小肠皆属于胃之意，胃病则腑在其中矣。）首风之状，头面多汗恶风，当先风一日则病甚，头痛不可以出
内，至其风日则病少愈。（首为诸阳之会，因沐中风，则头面之皮腠疏，故多汗恶风。凡患首风者，止作无时，故凡于风
气将发，必先风一日而病甚头痛，以阳邪居于阳分，阳性先而速也。先至必先衰，是以至其风日则病少愈。内，谓房室
之内。不可出者，畏风寒也。）漏风之状，或多汗，常不可单衣，食则汗出，甚则身汗喘息恶风，衣常濡，口干善渴，不
能劳事。（漏风之病，因于饮酒中风也。风邪挟酒，则阳气散越，故多汗。阳胜则身热恶寒，故不可以单衣。食入于阴，
长气于阳，故食则汗出。甚则阳浮于上，故喘息。汗出不止，故衣濡。阳盛阴虚，津亡于内，所以口干善渴，身不能劳
也。能，耐同。）泄风之状多汗，汗出泄衣上，口中干，上渍，其风不能劳事，身体尽痛则寒。（泄风者，表不固也。上
渍者，身半以上，汗多如渍也。口中干，津液涸也。液涸则血虚，故不能劳而身尽痛。汗多则亡阳，故令人寒也。渍，
曾四切。）帝曰∶善。
Huangdi asked: When wind pathogen invades the human body, it may manifest as cold-heat syndrome (Han Re Zheng), heat-in-the-middle syndrome (Re Zhong Zheng), cold-in-the-middle syndrome (Han Zhong Zheng), leprosy-like wind (Li Feng), hemiplegia (Pian Ku), or other wind diseases. Their symptoms vary, and their names differ. Some wind pathogens penetrate deeply into the five zang organs and six fu organs. I do not understand the rationale behind this; I wish to hear your explanation. (Wind pathogen injuring the body, if presenting as a single syndrome; but when it undergoes changes, it may be cold or heat, exterior or interior, in the zang-fu organs or in the meridians and collaterals, reaching everywhere. Although wind is a yang pathogen, its qi has a chilling nature, so wind and cold are originally of the same category, differing only in yin and yang aspects. The *Sui Lu* chapter states: The eight winds of the four seasons invading the human body cause cold and heat. Cold causes the skin to tighten and pores to close; heat causes the skin to relax and pores to open. This explains why pathological changes occur as they do. Later generations failed to investigate the root cause and created many specific names for wind syndromes, losing the general principles, thereby causing confusion among students. To differentiate wind, one should carefully examine the meanings in the following chapters. Li, same as Lai [leprosy], also pronounced li.) Qibo replied: Wind qi lodges between the skin and subcutaneous tissue, unable to circulate inwardly or discharge outwardly. (When wind-cold attacks the skin and interstices, the xuankou [pores] close and seal, thus preventing internal circulation and external discharge; this marks the beginning of exogenous disease.) Wind is agile in movement and prone to rapid changes. When the interstices open, one feels chilly; when they close, one experiences fever and stifling sensation. (The nature of wind is dynamic, hence its agility and rapid changes. Wind is inherently a yang pathogen; yang governs dispersion and excretion, causing the interstices to open. When open, defensive qi is insecure, leading to chills. If cold prevails, the interstices close; when closed, yang qi becomes internally obstructed, resulting in irritability, heat, and stifling. Shuo, pronounced shuò.) In the cold type, appetite diminishes; in the heat type, muscles emaciate. Thus, the patient trembles and cannot eat, termed cold-heat syndrome. (Cold pathogen damages yang qi, impairing stomach qi transformation, hence reduced intake. Heat pathogen damages yin fluids, causing dryness and muscle wasting. The struggle between cold and heat causes rigors, hence trembling and anorexia. The above three sections clarify that wind leads to cold-heat syndromes. Zhi, pronounced zhì.) Wind qi entering the Stomach via the Yangming meridian ascends along the vessel to the inner canthus. If the person is obese, wind qi cannot dissipate externally, leading to heat-in-the-middle syndrome with yellow eyes. If the person is thin, wind qi dissipates externally accompanied by cold, leading to cold-in-the-middle syndrome with tearing. (Wind lodging in Yangming enters the Stomach internally. The Stomach resides in the middle jiao, and its meridian ascends to connect with the eye system. Obese individuals have dense interstices, trapping pathogen as heat-in-the-middle, causing jaundice. Thin individuals have loose superficial muscles; wind-cold invasion allows easy dissipation of yang qi, leading to cold-in-the-middle and tearing. Zi, pronounced zì.) Wind entering with the Taiyang meridian travels through various acupoints, dispersing between the muscle intervals, interfering with defensive qi. Due to obstruction, muscles swell and develop sores; defensive qi stagnates and fails to circulate, causing numbness. (Wind entering via Taiyang descends from the back, where all acupoints of the five zang and six fu organs attach. Pathogens travel through these points to the muscle intervals. Muscle intervals are where defensive qi circulates. Defensive qi moves through yang meridians during the day, starting with Foot-Taiyang. Wind combats defensive qi in the muscle intervals, causing sluggish flow. Obstruction leads to pathogen aggregation, swelling muscles like distension, forming sores. If defensive qi fails to move, numbness occurs, rendering the body insensitive to pain, itching, cold, or heat. Bo, pronounced chang zhen qie. Yang, pronounced yáng.) Leprosy-like wind (Li Feng) arises when nutritive qi becomes hot and turbid, causing nasal collapse, facial deterioration, and skin ulcers. Wind-cold lodged in the vessels persists, named Li Feng or cold-heat syndrome. (Wind-cold in blood vessels remains long-term, transforming nutritive qi into heat, causing skin ulceration and turbidity, deteriorating into leprosy. As stated in *Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun*, wind in the pulse becomes leprosy. Fu, same as fu. Kui, pronounced kuài.) Wind contracted on Jia-Yi days in Spring affects the Liver (Liver Wind); on Bing-Ding days in Summer, the Heart (Heart Wind); on Wu-Ji days in Late Summer, the Spleen (Spleen Wind); on Geng-Xin days in Autumn, the Lungs (Lung Wind); on Ren-Gui days in Winter, the Kidneys (Kidney Wind). (Spring and Jia-Yi belong to Wood, affecting the Liver. Summer and Bing-Ding belong to Fire, affecting the Heart. Late Summer and Wu-Ji belong to Earth, affecting the Spleen. Autumn and Geng-Xin belong to Metal, affecting the Lungs. Winter and Ren-Gui belong to Water, affecting the Kidneys. This clarifies wind penetrating the five zang organs. Note: Assigning seasonal天干 [Heavenly Stems] to organs does not mean liver injury only occurs on Jia-Yi days in spring. Each day contains four-season energies, and each two-hour period corresponds to Heavenly Stems. Thus, receiving spring energy enters the Liver, as does Jia-Yi energy. One should infer by analogy, not rigidly adhere. Other energies follow suit. "Shang" [injure] and "Zhong" [strike] are used interchangeably here without implying severity differences; later distinctions between stroke [Zhong Feng] and common cold [Shang Feng] are non-canonical and forced.) Wind striking the acupoints of the five zang and six fu organs causes organ-specific wind syndromes. Entering through their gates, it results in hemifacial or hemibody wind (Pian Feng). (Wind at zang-fu acupoints constitutes twelve-meridian organ wind. Striking obliquely via acupoints causes Pian Feng, explaining asymmetric diseases.) Wind ascending via Fengfu acupoint causes Brain Wind (Nao Feng). (Fengfu is a Du Meridian point. Ascending from Fengfu enters Naohu, hence Brain Wind.) Wind entering head connections causes Eye Wind and Cold Eyes (Mu Feng Yan Han). (Wind from Naohu connects to the head, merging with Foot-Taiyang. Taiyang meridian originates at the inner canthus; wind invasion causes Eye Wind, manifesting as pain, itching, cold sensitivity, and aversion to wind.) Wind after drinking alcohol causes Leakage Wind (Lou Feng). (Alcohol is warm and dispersing, opening xuankou. Wind post-drinking causes profuse sweating, hence Leakage Wind. *Bing Neng Lun* calls it Wine Wind; see Chapter 32.) Wind after sexual activity with sweating causes Internal Wind (Nei Feng). (Internal essence depletion and external pore opening allow wind to enter vacuity, hence Internal Wind.) Wind after washing hair causes Head Wind (Shou Feng). (Wind attacking head/face. Alternatively, bathing.) Long-standing wind penetrating inward causes Intestinal Wind (Chang Feng) and undigested food diarrhea (Sun Xie). (Persistent wind transmits to intestines/stomach. Heat causes intestinal wind with bleeding; cold causes indigestion and watery diarrhea.) Wind lingering in interstices causes Effusion Wind (Xie Feng). (Wind in interstices causes continuous sweating, hence Effusion Wind. From "wind ascending via Fengfu" to here are seven types, illustrating "or wind disease," justifying varied names.) Therefore, wind is the chief of hundred diseases. Upon transformation, it becomes other diseases, lacking fixed patterns, yet always originating from wind qi. (Wind enters shallowly then deeply, transforming into other diseases, making it the chief of hundred diseases. *Gu Kong Lun* states: Wind is the beginning of hundred diseases. "No fixed pattern" implies variability. All stem from wind qi.) Huangdi said: How do the manifestations of wind in the five zang organs differ? I wish to know their diagnosis and pathology. (All methods of observing disease are called Zhen [Diagnosis]. All harmful effects causing disease are called Neng [Pathology/Capacity].) Qibo said: Lung Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, pale white complexion, intermittent cough, shortness of breath, improvement during the day, and worsening at night. Diagnosis is at the supraorbital region, showing white color. (Excessive sweating due to yang receiving wind, opening interstices. Aversion to wind is standard for wind injury. See below for other organs. Ran, pale white appearance; metal color is white. Lung governs qi, changes to cough; wind forcing causes cough/shortness of breath. Daytime, defensive qi is exterior, wind follows, so improvement. Nighttime, defensive qi enters yin, pathogen responds internally, so worsening. Supraorbital area is Que Ting, Lung's indicator; Lung disease shows white here. Pǔ gěng qiē. Chai, same as Chai [recover].) Heart Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, dried lips/tongue, irritability, fright, red complexion. Severe cases involve slurred speech. Diagnosis is at the mouth, showing red color. (Sweating/aversion as before. Jiao Jue means dried lips/tongue. Wind transforms to Wood, Heart is Fire; wind pressing on Heart combines Wood-Fire, disturbing spirit, causing anger/fright. Heart governs tongue; severe case stiffens tongue base, causing speech difficulty. Harmonious Heart knows taste; diagnosis at mouth. Mouth includes lips; color should be red. Xia, pronounced hè or xià.) Liver Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, sadness, slightly blue-green complexion, dry throat, irritability, occasional aversion to women. Diagnosis is below the eyes, showing green color. (Qi merging with Lung causes sadness; Liver disease with Lung Qi overacting causes sadness. Blue-green is Liver color. Foot-Jueyin meridian passes throat, causing dryness. Irritability is Liver emotion. Liver is yin within yang; meridian circles genitalia; health favors lust, disease causes jealousy/aversion to women. Liver qi connects to eyes; diagnosis below eyes; color green. Yi, pronounced yì. Zeng, pronounced zēng.) Spleen Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, lethargy, desirelessness in limbs, pale yellow complexion, poor appetite. Diagnosis is on the nose, showing yellow color. (Lethargy/limb inactivity because Spleen governs muscles/limbs. Pale yellow is Earth color. Poor appetite indicates Spleen failure to transform. Nose is Face King, corresponding to Spleen/Stomach; diagnosis on nose. Shi, pronounced shì.) Kidney Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, puffy face, spinal pain preventing upright standing, blackish complexion, difficult urination/defecation. Diagnosis is on muscles, showing black color. (Ran, puffy appearance. Wind entering Kidney carries water qi upward, causing facial edema. Kidney meridian penetrates spine; causes spinal pain. Yan, like soot. Yin Qu refers to yin passages (urination/defecation). Kidney governs water, color black like soot. Kidney opens to two yin orifices, causing difficulty. Muscles governed by Spleen; now wind-water pathogen insults Earth; diagnosis on muscles; color black. See Chapter 31 for Kidney/Wind-Water meanings. Mang, pronounced máng. Tai, pronounced tái.) Stomach Wind presents with neck sweating, aversion to wind, inability to swallow, chest diaphragm obstruction, abdominal fullness, bloating when clothing is insufficient/cold, diarrhea from cold food. Diagnosis shows emaciated body with large abdomen. (Stomach meridian descends from Daying to Renying, passes throat to Keyuan; thus neck sweating/aversion. Stomach receives food/water; wind lodging prevents swallowing/digestion, causing obstruction. Meridian runs in abdomen, causing fullness. Insufficient clothing exposes Yangming to external cold, causing bloating. Cold food injures internal stomach qi, causing diarrhea. Stomach corresponds to flesh; disease causes emaciation. Abdomen houses Stomach; pathogen excess causes distension. Below details six fu diseases, focusing on Stomach Wind because Stomach is chief of six fu, as *Ben Shu* states Large/Small Intestines belong to Stomach; Stomach disease encompasses fu diseases.) Head Wind presents with head/face sweating, aversion to wind, worsening one day before wind, severe headache preventing going indoors, improving on windy days. (Head is convergence of yang meridians. Post-wash wind loosens head/face pores, causing sweating/aversion. Onset is irregular. Before wind arrives, yang pathogen in yang divisions acts swiftly, worsening headache. Prior arrival depletes qi, so improvement on windy day. Nei refers to indoors. Cannot exit due to fear of wind-cold.) Leakage Wind presents with excessive sweating, inability to wear single clothes, sweating upon eating, severe cases with whole-body sweating, panting, aversion to wind, wet clothes, dry mouth, thirst, inability to perform labor. (Leakage Wind stems from wind post-alcohol. Wind-carried wine scatters yang qi, causing sweating. Yang excess causes heat/aversion to cold, preventing single clothes. Food enters yin, boosts yang, causing sweat upon eating. Severe cases, yang floats upward, causing panting. Continuous sweating wets clothes. Yang excess/yin deficiency depletes fluids, causing thirst/inability to endure labor. Neng, same as Nai [endure].) Effusion Wind presents with excessive sweating, sweat soaking clothes, dry mouth, upper body sweat like soaking, inability to labor, generalized body pain with cold sensation. (Effusion Wind indicates insecure exterior. Shang Zi refers to upper half body, sweat like soaking. Dry mouth indicates fluid depletion. Fluid depletion causes blood deficiency, leading to pain/inability to labor. Excessive sweating destroys yang, causing cold sensation. Zi, pronounced zì.) Huangdi said: Excellent.