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(If one solely dries dampness, the heat will become more intense; if one solely clears heat, the dampness will not flow. Therefore, it is necessary to simultaneously use bitter-warm and sweet-acrid flavors to induce sweating, so that heat may clear and dampness may dry. This is the treatment for diseases transformed from excessive influence, hence the methods differ.) When Fire Excess prevails, pacify it with salty-cold substances, assist with bitter-sweet substances, astringe with sour substances, disperse with bitter substances, and restore with sour substances. The treatment for Heat Excess is the same. ("This is the same as the treatment for Heat Excess at the In泉 position. Since Water overcomes Fire, salty-cold is used to pacify. Bitter can drain the excess of Fire, and Sweet can relieve the urgency of Fire, hence assisted with bitter-sweet. When Fire is abundant and scattered, sour is used to astringe. When Fire is depressed and latent, bitter is used to disperse. However, using dispersion to remove Fire may injure Qi, so Sour should be used to astringe again. The treatment for Fire and Heat is the same.") When Dryness Excess prevails, pacify it with bitter-warm (Note: original text says 'bitter-damp', corrected to 'bitter-warm'), assist with sour-acrid substances, and purge with bitter substances. ("This is the same as the treatment for Dryness Excess internally mentioned above, but there the assistance was sweet-acrid, whereas here it is sour-acrid. See notes under Dryness Excess earlier. 'Bitter-damp' is an error, should be 'bitter-warm'.") When Cold Excess prevails, pacify it with acrid-hot substances, assist with bitter-sweet substances, and purge with salty substances. ("Acrid-hot is sufficient to disperse Cold, and bitter-sweet can overcome Water. Purging with salty is because salty is the true flavor of Water, and its purging method uses salty. This is the same as the treatment at the In泉 position, but the text order is inverted. See details under Cold Excess internally earlier.") The Emperor asked: If pathogenic factors counter-victoriously prevail, how should they be treated? (Note: Anything that harms the righteous Qi is called pathogenic factor. Righteous Qi should prevail, but if it occasionally encounters the non-overcoming Guest Qi, it may be counter-victoriously prevailed by it. For example, when Wood governs Heaven and Earth, the Qi should be mild and warm, but sometimes it becomes cool, thus suppressing the Qi due to coolness. Wood encountering Metal Qi is called counter-victory. This is not comparable to True Qi deficiency where pathogenic factors enter due to emptiness. Zhang Jingyue explained counter-victory as Heaven and Earth Qi having insufficiency, allowing Interstitial Qi to become pathogenic due to emptiness. But since it is already governing Heaven or In泉, how can it be said to be insufficient? It seems only the Qi governing Heaven or In泉 has nothing to overcome it, but the non-overcoming seasonal Qi can overcome it, hence called counter-victory. The Emperor's question clearly refers to Guest Qi as pathogenic. Someone asked: Do you have evidence for this Guest Qi? I say: Does the following text not say, Wind governs at the ground, Clearness counter-victoriously prevails, etc.? It means Wind should be warm but time is contrary clear, which Guest Qi else?) Qibo said: When Wind governs at the ground, Clearness counter-victoriously prevails, treat with sour-warm, assist with bitter-sweet, and pacify with acrid. (Note: Zhang Jingyue said: "Treating with sour-warm, sour seeks the same Qi as Wood, warm controls Clearness. Assisting with bitter-sweet, bitter warms Metal, sweet relieves Liver urgency. Pacifying with acrid, acrid is the true flavor of Wood, tonifying Wood uses acrid; acrid is also the true flavor of Metal, purging Metal uses acrid.") When Heat governs at the ground, Cold counter-victoriously prevails, treat with sweet-hot, assist with bitter-acrid, and pacify with salty. ("Treating with sweet-hot, sweet overcomes Water, hot controls Cold. Assisting with bitter-acrid, Cold becomes warm with bitter, disperses with acrid. Pacifying with salty, salty is the true flavor of Fire, tonifying Fire uses salty; salty is also the true flavor of Water, purging Water uses salty.") When Dampness governs at the ground, Heat counter-victoriously prevails, treat with bitter-cold, assist with salty-sweet, and pacify with bitter. ("Treating with bitter-cold, to suppress Fire pathogen. Assisting with salty-sweet, salty-cold controls Heat, sweet-warm tonifies Earth. Pacifying with bitter, is the meaning of bitter-cold.") When Fire governs at the ground, Cold counter-victoriously prevails, treat with sweet-hot, assist with bitter-acrid, and pacify with salty. ("Same treatment as when Heat governs at the ground.") When Dryness governs at the ground, Heat counter-victoriously prevails, treat with neutral-cold, assist with bitter-sweet, pacify with sour, and benefit from harmony. ("Treating with neutral-cold, because Metal governs at the ground, Qi is inherently austere and killing. If great cold is used, it must aid its cruelty, so only neutral-cold should be used to suppress Heat. Assisting with bitter-sweet, to drain Fire. Pacifying with sour, sour is the true flavor of Metal, tonifying Metal uses sour. Benefiting from harmony, warns against excess, which is the meaning of neutral-cold.") When Cold governs at the ground, Heat counter-victoriously prevails, treat with salty-cold, assist with sweet-acrid, and pacify with bitter. ("Treating with salty-cold, to suppress Fire pathogen. Assisting with sweet-acrid, sweet drains Fire and acrid disperses. Pacifying with bitter, bitter is the true flavor of Water, tonifying Water uses bitter. Wang Shi said: These six Qi prescriptions are inconsistent with the previous Excess methods. 'Treat' means draining the prevailing Qi of Guest pathogens. 'Assist' means what is beneficial and suitable. 'Pacify' means tonifying the already weak righteous Qi.") The Emperor asked: What about Counter-victory of Heavenly pathogens? ("Speaking of Heavenly counter-victory.") Qibo said: When Wind transformation occurs in Heaven, Clearness counter-victoriously prevails, treat with sour-warm, assist with sweet-bitter. ("Treatment is same as governing at ground.") When Heat transformation occurs in Heaven, Cold counter-victoriously prevails, treat with sweet-warm, assist with bitter-sour-acrid. ("Treatment is same as governing at ground, but one less salty, one more sour. Because Fire is overcome by Water, Heart suffers from laxity, hence sour food is suitable to astringe it.") When Dampness transformation occurs in Heaven, Heat counter-victoriously prevails, treat with bitter-cold, assist with bitter-sour. ("Bitter-cold dispels Heat, bitter-sour gathers Heat. Note: This and the above Dampness governing at ground should both say Wind counter-victoriously prevails, but both say Heat, because Wind and Fire share the same Qi and both can overcome Dampness. However, assisting with bitter-sour, sour is the true flavor of Wood, purging Wood uses sour. Although treating Heat, it actually treats Wind as well.") When Fire transformation occurs in Heaven, Cold counter-victoriously prevails, treat with sweet-hot, assist with bitter-acrid. ("Treatment is same as governing at ground.") When Dryness transformation occurs in Heaven, Heat counter-victoriously prevails, treat with acrid-cold, assist with bitter-sweet. ("Acrid-cold dissipates Heat, bitter-sweet drains Fire.") When Cold transformation occurs in Heaven, Heat counter-victoriously prevails, treat with salty-cold, assist with bitter-acrid. ("Treatment is same as governing at ground.") The Emperor asked: How about the mutual victory of Six Qi? (Note: Zhang Jingyue said: "Mutual victory means the Six Qi have strength and weakness and invade each other due to emptiness.") Qibo said: When Jueyin prevails, there is tinnitus and vertigo, mental confusion with desire to vomit, stomach diaphragm feels cold, strong winds rise frequently, insects do not thrive, Qi converges in the hypochondrium, transforms into Heat, urine is yellow and red, epigastric pain at the heart center, extending upward to support both hypochondria, borborygmus with undigested stool, lower abdominal pain, dysentery with red and white discharge, severe cases vomiting, obstruction of diaphragm and pharynx. (Note: Zhang Jingyue said: Jueyin prevalence is Wind pathogen abundance. Tinnitus and vertigo, Liver meridian meets vertex and Wind moves. Mental confusion and desire to vomit, stomach diaphragm feels cold, because Wood pathogen injures Stomach, Stomach deficiency generates Cold. Insects do not thrive, Earth Qi declines. Hypochondriac Qi convergence, Liver pathogen gathers. Transforming into Heat and urine yellow-red, pathogen invades Small Intestine. Upper part epigastric pain at heart center, supporting two hypochondria causing vomiting, causing diaphragm-pharynx obstruction. Lower part causes undigested stool, lower abdominal pain, dysentery red-white, all within reach of Liver meridian Qi, and Wood pathogen attacking intestines and stomach. Kui sound gui, heart disorder. Sha sound qu.) When Shaoyin prevails, heat below the heart, frequent hunger, pain below the umbilicus, Qi wanders through the Triple Burner, scorching heat arrives, trees sap dries, grass withers, vomiting, reversal, restlessness, irritability, abdominal fullness and pain, loose stools, transmitting to red discharge. ("Shaoyin prevalence is Ministerial Fire abundance. Shaoyin meridian originates in the heart, exits belonging to Heart Link-organ, hence heat below heart and frequent hunger. Shaoyin meridian connects to Small Intestine, Heat attacks it, hence pain below umbilicus. Heart Fire abundance then Heat reaches Pericardium Link-organ, Pericardium meridian passes through Triple Burner, hence Qi wanders Triple Burner. In Heaven scorching heat arrives, in objects trees sap dry, grass withers. Fire in Upper Burner causes pharyngeal reversal, restlessness, irritability. In Middle Burner abdominal fullness and pain. In Lower Burner loose stools, transmitting to red discharge. Red discharge means blood in stool and blood in urine.") When Taiyin prevails, Fire Qi stagnates internally, sores and ulcers arise inside, spreading outside, disease in hypochondrium, severe cases heart pain, heat obstruction, headache, throat bi, neck stiffness, sole prevalence causes Dampness to stagnate internally, Cold presses Lower Burner, pain stays at vertex interconnecting eyebrows, stomach full, rain comes frequently, Dampness transformation appears, lower abdominal fullness, heavy and stiff waist, internal difficulty, prone to profuse diarrhea, feet warm, head heavy, calf swelling, fluid retention arises inside, edema swells outside. ("Taiyin prevalence is Dampness pathogen abundance. Cold-Dampness externally abundant, Heart Fire stagnates internally, hence sores first arise inside then spread outside. Heart meridian originates in heart, exits armpit, hence disease in hypochondrium, severe cases heart pain. Heat obstruction upper, causes headache, throat bi, neck stiffness. If no Heat and Dampness sole prevalence, Dampness stagnates internally, Cold presses Lower Burner, hence pain stays at vertex, interconnects eyebrows. Stomach belongs to Earth, cannot control Dampness, hence distension-fullness. In Heaven rain comes frequently, in objects Dampness transformation appears. Dampness flows down, lower abdominal fullness, heavy stiff waist. Internal Dampness difficult, clear and turbid not separate, hence prone to profuse diarrhea. Dampness stagnates lower generates Heat, hence feet warm. Dampness stagnates upper, hence head heavy. Spleen-Stomach cannot overcome Dampness, hence calf swelling, hence fluid retention inside, edema outside.") When Shaoyang prevails, Heat lodges in Stomach, vexation, heart pain, red eyes, desire to vomit, vomiting acid, frequent hunger, ear pain, dark urine, prone to fright, delirium, sudden heat consumes, grass withers, water dries, shell creatures curl up, lower abdominal pain, lower discharge red and white. ("Shaoyang prevalence is Ministerial Fire abundance. Heat lodges in Stomach and ascends, causing vexation, heart pain, red eyes, desire to vomit, vomiting acid, frequent hunger, ear pain etc. Descending causes dark urine. Fire abundance injures Yin, hence prone to fright, delirium, sudden heat consumes. Heat extreme harms objects, hence grass withers, water dries. Shell creatures belong to Metal, hence curl when meeting Fire. Heat sinks Lower Burner, hence lower abdominal pain. Lower discharge red-white, Heat in Blood level is red, Qi level is white. Stool is Li, Urine is Zhuo.") When Yangming prevails, Clearness arises inside, left hypochondriac pain, loose stools, internally throat obstruction, externally hernia, great cold austere killing, flowers and leaves change appearance, hair creatures suffer, chest discomfort, throat obstruction and cough. ("Yangming prevalence is Metal pathogen abundance. Metal Qi cold and austere, hence Clearness arises inside. Wood controlled by it, hence left hypochondriac pain. Clearness below causes loose stools, above causes throat obstruction, in lower abdomen causes hernia, in Heaven great cold austere killing, in objects flowers/leaves change appearance. Hair creatures are Wood creatures, hence suffer calamity. Chest is Lung residence, Dryness abundance makes Lung Qi contract and lose regulation, hence discomfort, throat obstruction, cough.") When Taiyang prevails, coagulation and chill arrive, water freezes out of season, feather creatures transform late, hemorrhoids and malaria occur, Cold jue enters Stomach, internally generates heart pain, yin area ulcerates, hidden difficulties not smooth, interconnects inner thigh, muscles and tendons cramped and rigid, blood vessels coagulate and stagnate, collaterals full color changes, or blood discharge, skin痞肿 (impetigo/swelling), abdominal fullness, food reduction, Heat counter-ascends, head-neck fontanelle vertex brain-house pain, eyes like protruding, Cold enters Lower Burner, transmits to moist diarrhea. ("Taiyang prevalence is Water pathogen abundance. Hence coagulation/chill/water ice. Feather creatures belong to Fire, hence transform late. Taiyang meridian夹 spine penetrates buttocks, hence hemorrhoids occur. Cold abundance means pathogen/righteous struggle, hence malaria. Cold Qi enters Stomach, jue-ni in middle, invades Superior Fire upwards, hence internally generates heart pain. Taiyang meridian connects Kidney penetrates Bladder, hence yin ulcer, hidden difficulties not smooth, interconnects inner thigh. Muscles/tendons get Cold become urgent/bi, hence tendon urgent muscle rigid. Blood vessels get Cold Ying-Wei coagulate/stagnate, meridians not move, hence collaterals full color change. Blood stasis in meridians妄行 (runs wild), hence or blood discharge. Exterior Cold not moves, hence skin impetigo/swelling. Interior Cold stagnation, hence abdominal fullness food reduction. Yin-Cold below, Dai-Yang above, hence Heat counter-ascends. Head-neck-fontanelle-vertex-brain-house-inner canthus are all Taiyang meridians, Cold resides therein hence pain like protruding. Cold enters Lower Burner, Mingmen Yang declines, hence transmits to moist diarrhea. Xin sound xin.") The Emperor asked: How to treat them? Qibo said: Jueyin prevalence, treat with sweet-neutral, assist with bitter-acrid, purge with sour. ("Wood abundance Earth defeat, treat with sweet-neutral, sweet benefits Earth, neutral calms Wood. Assist with bitter-acrid, disperses Wind pathogen. Purge with sour, sour is true flavor of Wood, purging Wood uses sour.") Shaoyin prevalence, treat with acrid-cold, assist with bitter-salty, purge with sweet. ("Heat abundance attacks Metal, treat with acrid-cold, disperses Fire. Assist with bitter-salty, drains Heat. Purge with sweet, sweet is true flavor of Fire, purging Fire uses sweet.") Taiyin prevalence, treat with salty-hot, assist with acrid-sweet, purge with bitter. ("Earth abundance Dampness exuberance, treat with salty-hot, salty moistens downward, Hot dries Dampness. Dampness abundance Earth Cold, assist with acrid-sweet, acrid warms Earth, sweet tonifies Earth. Purge with bitter, bitter is true flavor of Earth, purging Earth uses bitter.") Shaoyang prevalence, treat with acrid-cold, assist with sweet-salty, purge with sweet. ("Same as above Shaoyin treatment, but assistance slightly different, because sweet can drain Fire.") Yangming prevalence, treat with sour-warm, assist with acrid-sweet, drain with bitter. ("Dry-Metal abundance, disease in Lung/Liver, treat with sour-warm, moistens Dryness warms Lung. Assist with acrid-sweet, drains Lung tonifies Liver. Drain with bitter, bitter transforms from Fire, can drain Dryness pathogen excess.") Taiyang prevalence, treat with sweet-hot, assist with acrid-sour, purge with salty. ("Water abundance Fire decline, treat with sweet-hot, sweet benefits Earth to control Water, Hot supports Yang to drive Cold. Assist with acrid-sour, acrid disperses Cold pathogen excess, sour collects Heart Qi injury. Purge with salty, salty is true flavor of Water, purging Water uses salty.") The Emperor asked: How about the Rebound of Six Qi? (Rebound means retaliation, repaying the victory. Whenever there is victory first, there must be rebound later. Note: Zhang Jingyue said: "Commentary says whenever there is victory first, there must be rebound later. New Correction cites Xuanzhu Zhenghua Duiahua meaning, Zheng Si Hua Ling Shi, Dui Si Hua Ling Xu, Dui Hua Sheng You Fu, Zheng Hua Sheng Bu Fu, instead thinking commentary is wrong. Or again says: Jia Bing Wu Geng Ren, Yang Year Tai Guo, has Sheng no Fu; Yi Ding Ji Xin Gui, Yin Year Bu Ji, has Sheng must have Fu. All are ignorant words. The way of Sheng-Fu follows Qi abundance/decline, not divided by Zheng/Dui. Examining Benjing chapters, originally no such words. Its Bu Ji has Fu Tai Guo no Fu theory, probably because Qi Jiao Bian Da Lun, all Tai Guo Yun do not speak Fu, only Bu Ji years have it. Liu Yuan Zheng Ji Da Lun recorded 60-year Yunqi Ji, also only Bu Ji years speak Fu, Tai Guo years none, seems Yang Year Tai Guo has Sheng no Fu. But Wu Chang Zheng Da Lun says, Fa Sheng Zhi Ji, does not attend virtue, then Shou Qi Fu. He Xi Zhi Ji, violent politics, Cang Qi then Fu. Dun Fu Zhi Ji, great wind swift arrives, pathogen injures Spleen. Jian Cheng Zhi Ji, politics violent change, Zhang Qi then saves. Liu Yan Zhi Ji, politics excess then Hua Qi grand movement. All speak of Tai Guo years. From this view, Yang Year never lacks Fu. Only Yin Year Qi weak, They come Sheng Me, hence Son must rise and repay, hence called Fu; Yang Year Qi strong, no Sheng Me, only by Me Sheng Bi, hence Cheng Nai Cong Er Zhi Zhi. But saying Cheng saying Fu, total one principle. But continuously controlling is called Cheng, due to Sheng and repaying is called Fu, Sheng-Fu successive, originally no gap. Hence Jing says: You Sheng Ze Fu, Wu Sheng Ze Pi. Sheng Zhi Ze Fu, Wu Chang Shu Ye. Also says: Wei Zhe Fu Wei, Shen Zhe Fu Shen. Then Qi Wei Shen, still cannot borrow, why have Yin-Yang Zheng Dui Fu Yu Bu Fu Li? Hence Ben Lun no divide Tai Guo Bu Ji years, all have Yin Sheng Fan Sheng Xiang Sheng Qi, visible Yang Year not necessarily fully Sheng, and Fan Sheng ones exist, Yin Year not necessarily fully Shuai, and Yin Sheng ones also exist, Heaven-Earth changes, Xiao Zhang infinite, only should follow Jue Qi Ji and observe Fang Yue meaning, likely obtain its wonder. If due to words harm meaning, then lost far.) Qibo said: Ah, your question is thorough! Jueyin Rebound, lower abdomen hard and full, interior urgency sudden pain, trees fall sand flies, insects not flourish, Jue Heart Pain, sweat issues, vomiting, food/drink not entering, entering then coming out, sinews/bones tremor/vertigo, cold jue, severe cases enter Spleen, food bi and vomiting. ("Jueyin Wind-Wood Rebound, internally corresponds Liver Qi, lower abdomen hard/full, Liver pathogen excess. Interior urgency sudden pain, Liver governs fascia, its Qi urgent. Trees fall sand flies, Wind extreme. Insects not flourish, Wood controls Earth. Jue Heart Pain, sweat issues, Liver pathogen attacks Stomach, upper凌 Heart and Yang Qi leaks. Food/drink not entering, entering then coming out, Spleen injured by Liver. Diao is trembling, Xuan is vertigo, caused by Wind exuberance. Wind extreme, must join Cheng-Zhi transformation, hence hands/feet cold and jue. Shi Bi means food enters not digest, enters then bi-pain vomits juice, must vomit out then stop.") Chongyang pulse absent, death untreatable. ("Chongyang, Stomach pulse, Stomach absent then Spleen also absent. Note previous chapter Heaven-Earth Yin Sheng, only spoke Tian Six Pulse absent death untreatable, In Quan did not speak. This chapter on Six Qi Rebound repeats speaking, precisely to clarify In Quan transformation. Cover four Qi end final Qi, Earth Qi governs, Rebound normal.") Shaoyin Rebound, warmth-heat works internally, vexation/sniffle/sneeze, lower abdominal colic, Fire seen burning, throat dry, profuse discharge sometimes stops, Qi moves on left, ascends on right, cough, skin pain, sudden aphonia, heart pain, depression/dizziness unconscious, then shivering chills, delirium, after cold then heat, thirst desire drink, short Qi bone wither, blocked intestines not convenient, exterior edema belching, Red Qi later transforms, flowing water not ice, Heat Qi grand movement, shell creatures not blessed, disease rashes sores ulcers, carbuncles/fistula/acne/hemorrhoids, severe cases enter Lung, cough and nasal sinusitis. ("Shaoyin Ministerial Fire Rebound, warmth-heat works internally, vexation/sniffle/sneeze, Fire abundant middle and blazing upper. Lower abdominal colic, Fire in Yin. Fire seen burning throat dry, body surface scorched hot and Fire in throat. Profuse discharge sometimes stops, means Large Intestine or diarrhea, Bladder or strangury, Fire occupies two passages. Qi moves left, Yang rises East. Ascends right, Fire must attack Metal. Cough and skin pain, sudden aphonia, Lung governs voice/sound, exterior combines skin/hair, and receives Fire injury. Heart pain, depression/dizziness unconscious, Heart pathogen self-excess and Spirit confused. Shivering chills, delirium, after cold then heat, Water-Fire struggle, Heat extreme generates Cold. Thirst desire drink, loss of Jin-Ye. Short Qi bone wither, Strong Fire eats Qi, Heat extreme injures Essence. Blocked intestines not convenient, Heat knot not unblock. Exterior edema, belching, Heat abundance then swelling, Fire reversal冲 upper. Red Qi later transforms, Yangming first Sheng, Shaoyin later Fu. Flowing water not ice, Heat Qi grand movement, shell creatures not blessed, Fire abundance controls Metal. Rashes sores ulcers, carbuncles/fistula/acne/hemorrhoids, Fire overcomes Lung Metal and skin/hair injured. Fire extreme must injure Lung, hence cough and nasal sinusitis made.") Tianfu pulse absent, death untreatable. ("Tianfu, Lung meridian acupoint.") Taiyin Rebound, Dampness transformation raised, body heavy middle full,