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The Master said: The disease of Jueyin manifests as Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome characterized by excessive thirst and drinking), Qi rushing up to the heart, pain and heat in the heart region, a sensation of hunger without desire to eat, vomiting immediately after eating, and if purgatives are misused, diarrhea will not cease.

The pulse at the Cun Kou (radial artery) is floating and slow. Floating indicates deficiency; slow indicates exhaustion. Deficiency leads to insufficient Wei Qi (Defensive Qi); slowness indicates the depletion of Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi). The pulse at the Fu Yang (dorsalis pedis artery) is floating and rapid. Floating indicates excess Qi; rapidity indicates efficient digestion and frequent urination (in *Jin Gui Yao Lue*, "tight" is interpreted as "large and firm"). Excess Qi causes frequent urination; frequent urination leads to fluid depletion (in *Jin Gui Yao Lue* interpreted as "firmness"). When fluid depletion and heat contend, Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst) arises.

In men with Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst), urination is abnormally frequent; for every one dou of water drunk, one dou of urine is excreted. Shen Qi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill) is the primary prescription. The Master said: Heat in the Lower Jiao (Lower Burner) can cause hematuria and also lead to Lin syndrome (strangury), resulting in urinary obstruction.

Lin syndrome (strangury) presents with urine resembling millet grains, tension and urgency in the lower abdomen, and pain radiating to the umbilicus.

The pulse at Cun Kou is thin and rapid. Rapidity indicates heat; thinness indicates cold. Rapidity may also force vomiting. The pulse at Fu Yang is rapid, indicating heat in the Stomach, which accelerates digestion and increases appetite, leading to hard stools and frequent urination. If the pulse at Shao Yin (internal radial or ankle position) is rapid, women develop sores in the vagina, while men suffer from Qi Lin (Qi strangury). Patients with Lin syndrome must not be treated with sweating methods; if sweated, hematochezia (blood in stool) will inevitably occur.

The Master said: Diseases include Feng Shui (Wind-Water), Pi Shui (Skin-Water), Zheng Shui (Regular Water), Shi Shui (Stone-Water), and Huang Han (Yellow Sweat). Feng Shui (Wind-Water) has a naturally floating pulse, external symptoms of joint pain, and aversion to wind. Pi Shui (Skin-Water) also has a floating pulse, external symptoms of edema that indents upon pressure, no aversion to wind, abdominal distension like a drum (some versions say "like normal," meaning not full), and no thirst; it should be treated with sweating. Zheng Shui (Regular Water) has a deep and slow pulse, with external symptoms of spontaneous panting. Shi Shui (Stone-Water) has a naturally deep pulse, with external symptoms of abdominal fullness but no panting. Huang Han (Yellow Sweat) has a deep and slow pulse, body fever, chest fullness, and swelling of the limbs, head, and face; if untreated for long, it will certainly lead to abscesses and pus. The pulse is floating and surging. Floating indicates Wind; surging indicates Qi. When Wind and Qi contend, strong Wind causes Urticaria (hives) and body itching; itching is called Xie Feng (Leaking Wind), which over time becomes Jia Lai (crusty scabs). Strong Qi causes water retention, making bending difficult. When Wind and Qi strike each other, severe body swelling occurs, resolving only with sweating. Aversion to wind indicates deficiency, characterizing Feng Shui (Wind-Water); no aversion to wind, with free urination, cold in the Upper Jiao, and excessive saliva, characterizes Huang Han (Yellow Sweat).

A Cun Kou pulse that is deep and slippery indicates internal water qi, swollen face and eyes with heat, named Feng Shui (Wind-Water). Observing the upper eyelids slightly bulging, as if just awakened, with pulsation in the neck vessels, frequent coughing, and pitting edema on the hands and feet that does not rebound quickly, confirms Feng Shui (Wind-Water). Taiyang disease typically presents with a floating and tight pulse and joint pain; however, if there is no pain but rather heavy and sore body sensations, and the patient is not thirsty, sweating leads to cure; this is Feng Shui (Wind-Water). Aversion to cold indicates extreme deficiency, caused by improper sweating. Thirst without aversion to cold indicates Pi Shui (Skin-Water). Body swelling with cold, resembling Zhou Bi (circulating bi-syndrome), chest oppression, inability to eat,集聚 pain, evening restlessness, and insomnia indicate Huang Han (Yellow Sweat), with pain in the joints. Coughing and panting without thirst indicate Pi Zhang (Spleen Distension). The form resembles swelling, cured by sweating. However, for any such diseases, if accompanied by thirst, diarrhea, and frequent urination, sweating is contraindicated. For Feng Shui (Wind-Water), the pulse is floating, indicating the pathogen is in the exterior. The patient can eat, has headache and sweating, with no other exterior pathology. The patient reports heaviness in the lower body; thus, the area above the waist is harmonious, while below the waist swells including the genitals, with difficulty in flexion and extension. Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang (Acanthopanacis Cortex and Astragali Decoction) is the primary prescription. (Another version: For Feng Shui (Wind-Water) with floating pulse, heavy body, sweating, and aversion to wind, Fang Ji Huang Qi Tang is used.) For Feng Shui (Wind-Water) with aversion to wind, generalized swelling, floating pulse, no thirst, continuous spontaneous sweating, and no high fever, Yue Bi Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is the primary prescription. The Master said: Guo Shui (Wrapped Water) presents with severe swelling of the whole body and face, deep pulse, and urinary difficulty, causing water disease. If urination is free, fluid loss causes thirst; Yue Bi Jia Zhu Tang (Ephedra Decoction with Atractylodes Macrocephalae) is the primary prescription. (Another version: For Pi Shui (Skin-Water) with deep pulse, head/face swelling, and urinary difficulty causing water disease; if urination is free, fluid loss causes thirst.) Pi Shui (Skin-Water) presents with limb swelling, water qi in the skin, and slight tremors in the limbs; Fang Ji Fu Ling Tang (Acanthopanacis Cortex and Poria Decoction) is the primary prescription. The Fu Yang pulse should be hidden; if unexpectedly tight, it indicates pre-existing cold, Shan Jia (hernia/mass), and abdominal pain. If the physician incorrectly uses purgatives, chest fullness and shortness of breath result. If the Fu Yang pulse should be hidden but is unexpectedly rapid, it indicates pre-existing heat, efficient digestion (or wasting-thirst), and frequent urination; if now obstructed, water disease is impending. A Cun Kou pulse that is floating and slow: floating indicates heat, slow indicates submersion; heat and submersion contend, named Chen (Deep). A Fu Yang pulse that is floating and rapid: floating indicates heat, rapid indicates cessation; heat and cessation contend, named Fu (Hidden). Deep and Hidden contending is named Water. Deep implies empty collaterals; Hidden implies difficult urination; emptiness and difficulty contend, water moves into the skin, forming water disease.

A Cun Kou pulse that is wiry and tight: wiry implies blocked Wei Qi (Defensive Qi); blocked Wei Qi causes aversion to cold; water does not adhere to its flow but moves between the intestines. A Shao Yin pulse that is tight and deep: tight implies pain, deep implies water accumulation, leading to difficult urination. The Master said: Whenever a deep pulse is found, one must suspect water; if the body is swollen and heavy, and the water disease pulse floats outwards (becomes superficial and scattered), death ensues. In water patients, the area under the eyes resembles a sleeping silkworm, the face and eyes are lustrous, the pulse is hidden, the patient suffers from wasting-thirst, the abdomen is distended, urination is difficult, and if the pulse is deeply suppressed, water is present, and purgatives may be used.

Question: After diarrhea, the patient is thirsty and desires water, has urinary difficulty, abdominal fullness, and subsequent swelling. What is this? Answer: This method suggests water disease. If urination becomes free and sweating occurs, it will heal spontaneously. Water disease with a deep and small pulse belongs to Shao Yin. A floating pulse indicates Wind; empty distension without water indicates Qi disease. Sweating cures water disease. For deep pulses, use Fu Zi Ma Huang Tang (Aconite and Ephedra Decoction); for floating pulses, use Xing Zi Tang (Apricot Seed Decoction).

Xin Shui (Heart Water): The body is heavy with shortness of breath, inability to lie flat, irritability, agitation, and significant swelling of the genitals.

Gan Shui (Liver Water): The abdomen is large, unable to turn over independently, pain in the hypochondrium and abdomen, occasional production of saliva, and intermittent urination.

Fei Shui (Lung Water): The body is swollen, urination is difficult, and stools are frequently loose like duck droppings.

Pi Shui (Spleen Water): The abdomen is large, limbs are heavily burdened, saliva/fluids are not generated, suffering primarily from shortness of breath, and urination is difficult.

Shen Shui (Kidney Water): The abdomen is large, the umbilicus is swollen, lower back pain, inability to urinate, dampness in the genital area, sweating on the genitals like sweat on an ox's nose, cold feet, and a thin face (one version says constipation).

The Master said: For all water diseases, if swelling is below the waist, promote urination; if swelling is above the waist, induce sweating to achieve cure.

The Master said: A Cun Kou pulse that is deep and slow: deep indicates water, slow indicates cold. Cold and water contend, the Fu Yang pulse is hidden, food and fluids are not transformed, Spleen Qi decline leads to loose stools, and Stomach Qi decline leads to body swelling. Shao Yang pulse is low/subdued, Shao Yin pulse is thin; in men, urination is difficult; in women, menstruation stops. Menstruation is blood; if blood circulation is impaired, it transforms into water, named Xue Fen (Blood Division) (one version says Shui Fen/Water Division).

Question: If a patient has water disease, with swelling of the face, body, and limbs, and urinary difficulty, why does the master diagnose chest pain, Qi rushing to the throat feeling like a piece of roasted meat stuck, and slight coughing/panting instead of water disease? What is the pulse? Answer: The Cun Kou pulse is deep and tight. Deep indicates water, tight indicates cold. Deep and tight contend, knotting at the Guan Yuan point. Initially mild, unnoticed in youth, but after Yang declines, Ying and Wei interfere. Yang damage and Yin excess cause the knotted cold to move slightly, the tight Qi rushes up, causing throat blockage and hypochondriac pain. Physicians mistook this for Liu Yin (retained fluid) and used harsh purgatives; the Qi attack remained, and the disease persisted. Later, emetics were used, causing Stomach deficiency, vexation, dry throat, desire for water, urinary difficulty, undigested food, and swelling of the face and limbs. Then Ting Li Wan (Descurainia Seed Pill) was used to drain water; there was temporary relief, but overeating caused swelling to return, with bitter chest/hypochondriac pain resembling Ben Tun (Running Piglet). Water overflowed, causing floating cough and panting. One must first attack the Chong Qi (Penetrating Vessel Qi) to stop it, then treat the cough; once the cough stops, the panting heals naturally. Treat new diseases first; old diseases follow later.

Huang Han (Yellow Sweat) disease: Severe body swelling (one version says heaviness), fever, sweating with thirst (one version says no thirst), resembling Feng Shui (Wind-Water). Sweat stains clothes yellow like pagoda tree juice; the pulse is naturally deep.

Question: How is Huang Han (Yellow Sweat) acquired? Answer: By bathing in water while sweating, allowing water to enter through the sweat pores. Huang Qi Shao Yao Gui Zhi Ku Jiu Tang (Astragali, Paeoniae, Cinnamomi, and Vinegar Decoction) is the primary prescription. In Huang Han (Yellow Sweat) disease, the calves are naturally cold; if they feel hot, it belongs to Li Jie (Migratory Joint Pain). Sweating after eating, and night sweats during sleep, indicate Lao Qi (Labor Qi/Deficiency Qi). If fever persists after sweating, the body will eventually become Ja Cuo (cracked like fish scales). Persistent fever will generate malignant sores. If the body feels heavy but lightens after sweating, eventually the body becomes numb; chest pain follows, sweating occurs above the waist but not below, with flaccid pain in the loins and hips, feeling like something is in the skin. In severe cases, inability to eat, body ache/heaviness, irritability, and urinary difficulty indicate Huang Han (Yellow Sweat), treated with Gui Zhi Jia Huang Qi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Astragali).

A Cun Kou pulse that is slow and choppy: slow indicates cold, choppy indicates blood deficiency. A Fu Yang pulse that is faint and slow: faint indicates Qi deficiency, slow indicates cold. Cold Qi and blood deficiency cause cold extremities; cold extremities impair Ying and Wei circulation; impaired Ying and Wei cause abdominal fullness and borborygmus, Qi moving to the Bladder, Ying and Wei both exhausted. Blocked Yang Qi causes cold body; blocked Yin Qi causes bone pain. If Yang opens forward, aversion to cold occurs; if Yin opens forward, numbness occurs. When Yin and Yang harmonize, Qi flows; when the Great Qi rotates, stagnation disperses. Excess leads to passing gas; deficiency leads to enuresis, named Qi Fen (Qi Division). Qi Fen disease presents with hardness below the heart, large as a plate, edges like a rotating cup, caused by water-fluids. Gui Zhi Qu Shao Yao Jia Ma Huang Xi Xin Fu Zi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction minus Paeonia plus Ephedra, Asarum, and Aconite) is the primary prescription. For hardness below the heart large as a plate, edges like a rotating dish, caused by water-fluids, Zhi Shi Zhu Tang (Immature Bitter Orange and Atractylodes Decoction) is the primary prescription.