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Ancient texts state that if Yunmu (Biotite, *Muscovite*) is taken in a coarse form, it will adhere to the liver and lungs and cannot be removed. Similarly, for herbs such as Loquat Leaf (*Eriobotryae Folium*) and Japanese Trehalose Fern Rhizome (*Cibotii Rhizoma*), their hairs should not be ingested, as they are said to penetrate into the liver and lungs. There are many such folk theories, all of which are erroneous. It is also erroneously claimed that humans possess three distinct throats: one for water, one for food, and one for air. The widely circulated "True Five Viscera Diagram of Ou Xifan" also depicts three throats, likely due to imprecise anatomical examination at the time. When water and food are chewed and swallowed together, how could two separate throats be distinguished in the mouth? Humans possess only two structures: the pharynx and the larynx. The pharynx receives food and drink, while the larynx facilitates respiration. Food enters the pharynx, then the stomach cavity (*Wei Wan*), subsequently the stomach proper, followed by the large intestine (*Guang Chang*), and finally the small and large intestines. The larynx connects downward to the five Zang organs, serving as the passage for inhalation and exhalation. The breathing of the five Zang organs is akin to bellows used by metallurgists. Dietary intake and medicinal substances enter the gastrointestinal tract via the pharynx; they never reach the five Zang organs directly. Although muscles, bones, Zang organs, and bowels are distinct, the refined Qi derived from ingested substances can permeate thoroughly throughout the body, while only dregs and turbid matter enter the intestines. Thus, once food or medicine enters the abdomen, it is steamed by True Qi. The essence and aroma of these substances, even those of refined minerals such as finely ground Sulfur (*Sulfur*), Cinnabar (*Cinnabaris*), and Pyrophyllite (*Pyrophylli Talcum*), can migrate and permeate. Substances capable of fusion and condensation follow True Qi to permeate muscles and bones, just as Heaven and Earth Qi penetrates metal, stone, wood, and earth without obstruction. For other stubborn stones and plants, only their aromas permeate. When this force exhausts itself, dregs are transmitted to the large intestine, and moist components seep into the small intestine. These are deteriorated substances that cannot undergo transformation and must be excreted. Claims that specific substances enter the Liver or Kidney refer only to their aromatic properties reaching those organs; their physical matter certainly does not. This is knowledge physicians must possess.

Old theories propose the principle of "One Sovereign, Two Ministers, Three Assistants, Five Guides" in herbal prescriptions. The intent is that although many herbs are used, the primary agent addressing the disease is singular, while others serve to assist and coordinate. Generally, mutual control and regulation are appropriate, but this is not an absolute rule. The "Sovereign" herb, which leads the formula, has no fixed identity. The *Treatise on Drug Properties* (*Yao Xing Lun*) defines the Sovereign as the herb with the most harmonious and potent nature, followed by Ministers and Assistants, with toxic herbs often designated as Guides. This is a fallacious argument. If the goal is to attack hard accumulations, would herbs like Croton Seed (*Crotonis Fructus*, Badou) not necessarily serve as the Sovereign?