味苦。性温。有大毒。决明为使。反甘草。
【主治】主咳逆上气。瘴疟。（本经）主消胸中痰水。喜唾。水肿。五水在五脏皮肤。
及
腰痛
痹。一
【归经】入肺脾肾三经。为行水之品。（专去水饮痰癖）
【前论】士瀛曰。破癖须用芫花。行水后即便养胃可也。时珍曰。饮有五。皆由内啜水
浆。
可徐
【炮制】纲目曰。凡使。取陈久者醋煮十数沸。去醋。水浸一宿。晒干。则毒减。醋炒
者次
味苦甘。性平。无毒。得火土之气。兼禀天之阳气以生。降也。阳中阴也。苡仁为
畏葵根、大黄、柴胡、前胡。
【主治】主腰脊痛强。骨节风寒湿周痹。恶疮不瘳。（本经）热气伤中。恚怒。阴痿。
失
溺。
膀胱宿
疮。（纲目）
【归经】入肝胃肾三经。为祛风湿理下焦之品。
【前论】史国信曰。若欲兴阳。先滋筋力。若欲便清。先分肝火。时珍曰。萆 足阳明
厥阴
属风湿者。
【禁忌】经疏曰。下部无湿。肾虚腰痛。及阴虚火炽。均忌。
【炮制】备要曰。有黄白二种。黄长硬。白虚软。软者良。
味甘淡。性平。无毒。忌茗醋。
【主治】主调中。止泄。健行。不睡。（藏器）治筋骨拘挛。杨梅疮毒。去风湿。利关
节
。瘰
【归经】入胃大肠二经。为除湿清热之品。
【前论】时珍曰。杨梅疮有数种。治之则一。其症多属厥阴阳明。而兼他经。邪之所在。
则
肉
变
*Huanyua (Radix Genkwa)*:
Bitter in taste. Warm in nature. Highly toxic. *Jueming* (Lithopses Semen) serves as the guiding herb. It is incompatible with *Gancao* (Radix Glycyrrhizae).
[Indications] Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi and upward rushing of qi. Zang malaria. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) Primarily eliminates phlegm-fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium. Excessive salivation. Edema. The five types of fluid retention affecting the five z-organs and skin. As well as lower back pain. Bi syndrome.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung, Spleen, and Kidney meridians. It is a drug that promotes water metabolism. (Specifically removes fluid retention and phlegm-stagnation.)
[Preliminary Discussion] Shi Ying stated: To break up phlegm-stagnation, one must use Huanyua. After promoting water metabolism, one should subsequently nourish the Stomach qi. Li Shizhen stated: There are five types of fluid retention, all caused by internal consumption of raw water. It can be treated gradually...
[Processing] *Bencao Gangmu* states: When used, select aged material. Boil with vinegar for more than ten boils. Discard the vinegar. Soak in water overnight. Sun-dry to reduce toxicity. Vinegar-fried material is of secondary quality.
*Bixie (Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae)*:
Bitter and sweet in taste. Neutral in nature. Non-toxic. It acquires the qi of Fire and Earth, and additionally inherits the yang qi of Heaven in its generation. It has a descending action. It is yin within yang. *Yiren* (Semen Coicis) is its feared herb. It is incompatible with *Kuigen* (Radix Malvae), *Dahuang* (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), *Chaihu* (Radix Bupleuri), and *Qianhu* (Radix Peucedani).
[Indications] Primarily treats pain and stiffness of the waist and spine. Generalized Bi syndrome due to wind-cold-dampness affecting bone joints. Malignant sores that do not heal. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) Heat qi damaging the middle jiao. Anger. Impotence. Urinary incontinence. Chronic sores in the bladder. (From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Liver, Stomach, and Kidney meridians. It is a drug that dispels wind-dampness and regulates the lower jiao.
[Preliminary Discussion] Shi Guoxin stated: If one wishes to promote yang, one must first nourish the sinews and strength. If one wishes for clear urination, one must first differentiate and clear Liver fire. Li Shizhen stated: Bixie belongs to the Foot-Yangming and Foot-Jueyin meridians. For cases belonging to wind-dampness...
[Contraindications] *Bencao Jing Shu* states: Contraindicated in cases of dampness absence in the lower part, kidney-deficiency lower back pain, and yin-deficiency with blazing fire.
[Processing] *Bencao Beiyao* states: There are yellow and white varieties. The yellow variety is long and hard; the white variety is hollow and soft. The soft variety is superior.
*Tufuling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae)*:
Sweet and bland in taste. Neutral in nature. Non-toxic. Incompatible with tea and vinegar.
[Indications] Primarily regulates the middle jiao. Stops diarrhea. Promotes vigorous walking. Improves sleep. (From *Chen Cangqi's Supplement to the Materia Medica*) Treats spasm and contraction of sinews and bones. Yaws toxin. Dispels wind-dampness. Benefits the joints. Scrofula...
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Stomach and Large Intestine meridians. It is a drug that removes dampness and clears heat.
[Preliminary Discussion] Li Shizhen stated: There are several types of yaws, but the treatment principle is the same. The symptoms mostly belong to the Jueyin and Yangming meridians, while also involving other meridians. Where the pathogen resides... the flesh changes...