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(Profuse Urination / Frequent Urination)
Cheng Wuji: The condition of "Xiaobian Zili" (smooth or frequent urination, here referring to abnormal frequency or patency rather than pathological incontinence) can be present in exterior syndromes or interior syndromes; it can result from heat causing patency or from cold causing patency. This is a syndrome that can occur in all six meridians and cannot be treated uniformly. One should examine the specific textual clauses of each meridian for differentiation. Regarding "Xiaobian Shu" (frequent urination with small volume), it occurs in the Three Yang meridians (both exterior and interior patterns), but does not occur in the Three Yin meridians; careful examination is required.

Taiyang Disease: After six or seven days of illness, if the exterior pattern persists, but the pulse becomes faint and deep instead of floating, and there is no formation of Jie Xiong (chest binding syndrome), yet the patient exhibits mania, this is due to heat in the Lower Jiao. If the lower abdomen is hard and full, and urination is smooth (Zili), this indicates Blood Accumulation (Yu Xue). It will be cured by purging the blood using Didang Tang.
Taiyang Disease: If the body turns yellow, the pulse is deep and knotted, the lower abdomen is hard, urination is smooth, and the patient's spirit resembles madness, this is a Blood Syndrome, treated with Didang Tang.
Shanghan (Cold Damage): With fever and fullness in the lower abdomen, one would expect difficulty in urination. However, if urination is now smooth, this indicates the presence of blood stasis. It should be purged. Other medicines are not suitable; Didang Wan is appropriate.
After thirteen days of Shanghan without resolution, passing into another stage with delirium, if urination is smooth and diarrhea also occurs, but the pulse is harmonious, this is a Weichengqi Tang syndrome (see "Delirium").
In Taiyang Wind Strike, after coercing sweat with fire therapy leading to jaundice, desire for nasal bleeding, difficult urination, sweating on the head, abdominal fullness, slight wheezing, dry mouth, and rotting throat, or constipation leading to delirium over time, or even severe cases with hiccups, picking at bedclothes, and touching clothes: if urination is smooth, it is treatable (see "Delirium").
In Taiyang Disease: In patients with smooth urination who drink excessively, palpitations in the epigastrium will inevitably occur. In those with little urine, abdominal urgency and discomfort will be suffered. For palpitations caused by excessive water intake in patients with smooth urination, Gancao Fuling Tang is used.
After eight or nine days of Shanghan, where Wind-Dampness combats, causing body pain and restlessness preventing turning over, without vomiting or thirst, and with a floating, deficient, and choppy pulse, Guizhi Fuzi Tang is used. If the patient has smooth urination, remove Guizhi and add Baizhu Tang.
In Shanghan with fever, aversion to cold, intense thirst for drinking water, and inevitable abdominal fullness, spontaneous sweating, and smooth urination, this indicates the disease is about to resolve. This is called Liver invading Lung, named "Heng". Puncture Qimen (LR14).

Yangming Disease: If there is no sweat but smooth urination, and after two or three days, vomiting and coughing occur with cold extremities, headache will surely be suffered (see "Headache").
Two or three days after onset, if the pulse is weak, without Taiyang or Shaoyang patterns, but with irritability and hardness in the epigastrium, Xiaochengqi Tang is used to mildly harmonize the stomach.
If constipation lasts six or seven days, but urine is scanty, although food intake is poor, if the stool is hard at the beginning but loose later, do not purge. If urine is smooth, Dachengqi Tang is used.
In Shanghan with a floating and slow pulse, warm hands and feet, indicating the disease is in Taiyang, jaundice should develop. If urination is smooth, jaundice will not develop. By the seventh or eighth day, if the stool becomes hard, it transforms into Yangming Disease, treated with Dachengqi Tang.
In Yangming Disease, with spontaneous sweating followed by induced sweating and smooth urination, leading to internal depletion of fluids, even if the stool is hard, do not purge. Use Honey Suppository (Mijian Dao) to guide it out. Pig bile or Gynostemma pentaphyllum root (Tugua Gen) can also be used as suppositories.

Taiyang Shanghan: With a floating and slow pulse and warm hands and feet, the disease is associated with Taiyin, and jaundice should develop. If urination is smooth, jaundice will not develop. By the seventh or eighth day, even if there is sudden irritability and diarrhea more than ten times, it will stop spontaneously.
The above clauses all use smooth urination to determine whether purgation is indicated. If urination is difficult and the lower abdomen is hard, it is urine retention, requiring diuresis. If urination is smooth and the lower abdomen is hard, it is either blood or feces, requiring unblocking and purging. Whether jaundice develops or not, and whether the prognosis is fatal or not, can all be verified through this.

Shaoyin Disease: From the second or third day to the fourth or fifth day, if there is abdominal fullness, difficult urination, heavy and painful limbs, and spontaneous diarrhea, this indicates Water Qi, treated with Zhenwu Tang (see "Diarrhea").
If there is both vomiting and diarrhea, yet urination is surprisingly smooth, accompanied by profuse sweating, diarrhea with undigested food, internal cold with external heat, and a faint pulse nearly disappearing, Sini Tang is used.

Jueyin Disease: In Shanghan with slight heat and mild cold limbs (only cold fingertips), silence, anorexia, and irritability for several days: if urination is smooth and white, this indicates the heat has cleared. Desire for food indicates recovery.

Frequent Urination (High Frequency)
Shanghan: With a floating pulse, spontaneous sweating, frequent urination, heart vexation, slight aversion to cold, and leg cramps, Guizhi Tang must absolutely not be used (consider Gancao Ganjiang Tang or Shaoyao Gancao Tang).

Zhao Sizhen: In Taiyang Disease with spontaneous sweating, limb stiffness and difficulty in flexion/extension, heart vexation, slight aversion to cold, and leg cramps: if urination is frequent, Guizhi Tang must absolutely not be used. Instead, Gancao Ganjiang Tang and Shaoyao Gancao Tang are appropriate. This is caused by deficiency-cold, completely different from the excess-heat patterns mentioned earlier. The addition of "limb stiffness and difficulty in flexion/extension" seems to belong to the previous section on "difficult urination," yet it is added here under "frequent urination." Why? It also states that in Shanghan with a floating pulse and frequent urination, if stomach disharmony causes delirium, a small amount of Tiaowei Chengqi Tang is given. Zhang Zhongjing's discussion here specifically targets delirium due to stomach disharmony, not the combination of floating pulse, sweating, and frequent urination. Would it not be more appropriate to say, "If after taking Gancao Ganjiang Tang, stomach disharmony causes delirium, then give a small amount of Tiaowei Chengqi Tang"?

Fuyang Pulse: Floating and choppy. Floating indicates strong Stomach Qi; choppy indicates frequent urination. The interaction of floating and choppy leads to difficult defecation. This is Pi Yue (Spleen Constriction), treated with Mahuang Wan.
After sweating, vomiting, or purging in Taiyang Disease, if slight vexation occurs, urination is frequent, and the stool becomes hard due to this, Xiaochengqi Tang is used to harmonize, leading to recovery.
In Taiyang Disease, with a slow Cun pulse, floating Guan pulse, and weak Chi pulse, if the patient has fever, sweating, aversion to cold, no vomiting, but epigastric fullness, this is due to premature purgation. If the patient is not purged, does not have aversion to cold, but has thirst, this transforms into Yangming Disease. Patients with frequent urination will inevitably have hard stools.

Wu Kun: Frequent urination refers to the frequent urge to void with little output. Treatment for Taiyang and Yangming diseases follows specific principles. For frequent urination due to Kidney deficiency with heat, Qingxin Lianzi Yin or Renshen Sanbai Tang added with Zhimu, Huangbai, Maidong, and Shilianrou can be used. Alternatively, Zibu Wan is good, or Buzhong Yiqi Tang added with Zhimu, Huangbai, Shengdihuang, and Maidong.