麻黄汤 治太阳证头疼发热，身痛恶风，无汗喘满，脉浮紧，八九日不解，当发汗，
汗已，烦闷瞑目者，必衄，衄乃解，所以然者，阳气重故也。
甘草（半两） 麻黄（去节，一两半） 桂枝（一两） 杏仁（去皮，三十五个）
上每服三钱，水煎。
三拗汤 治感冒风邪，鼻塞声重，语音不出，或伤风头疼目眩，四肢拘倦，咳嗽多
痰，胸满气短。
麻黄（不去节） 杏仁（不去皮尖） 甘草（生用）
上各等分，锉散。每服三钱，水一盏，生姜三片，煎至六分，去滓温服，取汗
为度。一方，加荆芥、桔梗。嗽甚，加五味子、细辛各减半。又方，麻黄去节，
杏仁去皮尖，甘草炙，名三和汤，治喘嗽尤妙。加减在乎活法，有热加前胡。伤
风加荆芥。有痰加半夏。
加减三拗汤
麻黄（去根节，三钱，水煮去沫，焙干） 桂枝（二钱） 杏仁（七个，去皮尖，炒黄，另研如膏） 甘草（炙，
一钱）
上为粗末，入杏膏拌匀。每服一钱，水六分，煎至四分，去滓，温服无时，以
汗出为度，量大小加减。若自汗者，不宜服之。
五拗汤 治感风湿及形寒饮冷，痰嗽咳逆，连声不已。
麻黄（不去根节） 杏仁（不去皮尖） 荆芥（不去梗） 桔梗（蜜水拌，炒。各五钱） 甘草（二钱半）
上每服二钱，水一盏，煎七分，无时温服。
百部丸 治小儿肺寒壅嗽，微喘有痰。
百部（炒） 麻黄（去节。各三两） 杏仁（四十枚，去皮尖，微炒，研入）
上为末，煮熟枣子，丸如皂子大。温水下二三丸，无时，日三四服。此本方也，
仲景加松子仁五十个，蜜丸，更加胡桃肉，含化大妙。一方加甘草二钱。
九宝饮 治小儿嗽，是肺脏感寒，须表散，却服嗽药。
麻黄（去节） 薄荷 大腹皮 紫苏（各半两） 陈皮 杏仁（去皮尖） 桑白皮（炙） 肉桂 枳壳
（各二钱半） 甘草（一钱半）
上锉散。每服二钱，生姜、乌梅煎服。冷证，去薄荷。热证，去陈皮、桂。
华盖散 治肺感寒邪，咳嗽上气，胸膈烦闷，项背拘急，声重鼻塞，头目昏眩，痰气不利。
麻黄（去节） 紫苏子（隔纸炒） 桑白皮（蜜炙） 杏仁（去皮尖，炒） 赤茯苓（去皮） 陈橘皮（去白。各
半两） 甘草（炙，二钱）
上锉散。每服二钱，水半盏，煎至三分，去滓，量大小加减，食后温服。
金沸草散 治伤风化痰，头目昏痛，颈项强急，往来寒热，肢体烦疼，胸膈满，痰
涎不利，咳嗽喘满，涕唾稠粘，及治时行寒疫，壮热恶风。
荆芥（四两） 前胡（去芦） 麻黄（去节） 旋复花（各三两） 甘草（炙） 半夏（汤洗七次，姜汁浸） 赤
芍药（各一两）
上锉散。每服二钱，水一盏，生姜三片，枣一枚，同煎六分，去滓温服，不拘
时。有寒邪则汗出嗽甚，加杏仁、五味子。
麦煎散 治小儿夹惊伤寒，吐逆壮热，表里不解，气粗喘急，面赤自汗，或狂语惊
叫，或不语无汗，及瘾疹遍身赤痒，往来潮热，时行麻痘疹子，余毒未尽，浑身
浮肿，痰涎咳嗽，或变急慢惊风，手足搐搦，眼目上视，及伤风头疼，并治之。
滑石 地骨皮 赤芍药 石膏 白茯苓 杏仁 知母 甘草 葶苈子（炒） 人参（各半两） 麻黄（去节，一两
半）
上为末。每服一钱，麦子煎汤调下。如初生牙儿感冒风冷，鼻塞身热，喷嚏多
啼，每一字，用麦子煎汤调下。一方，去地骨皮、滑石，加羌活、川芎、薄荷煎汤调下。
小青龙汤 治伤寒表不解，恶寒体热，水停心下，干呕发热而嗽，或渴或利，小便不利，或噎，小腹满喘。
麻黄（去节，微利者去麻黄、加荛花如弹子大炒令赤色，若噎者去麻黄、加附子半钱炮，若小便不利者加茯苓
一两，若喘者去麻黄、加杏仁去皮尖） 赤芍药 半夏（泡，若渴者、去半夏加栝蒌根） 细辛 干姜（炮）
肉桂（去粗皮） 甘草（各七钱半） 五味子（半两）
上锉散。每服三钱，水一盏，煎七分，去滓，加减服。
清肺饮 治肺受风邪客热，嗽声不断，气促喘闷，痰壅鼻塞，流涕失音。及解时行
疹毒豆疮，涎多咳嗽，咽痛烦渴。
柴胡（净洗，二两） 人参（去芦，半两） 杏仁（汤泡，去皮尖） 桔梗（锉，炒） 赤芍药 荆芥 枳壳
（去穣，麸炒微黄） 桑白皮（锉，炒） 北五味子 麻黄（去节，汤泡滤过，锉，焙） 半夏（汤煮透，滤，仍锉，
焙干。各一两） 旋复花（五钱） 甘草（一两半）
上锉。每服二钱，水一盏，姜二片，葱一根，煎七分，无时温服。或入薄荷同煎。
解表散 主伤风感冷，咳嗽痰喘，呕吐泻利，惊悸，有热证在表里，并宜可投。
麻黄（制法同上） 杏仁（汤泡，去皮尖） 赤茯苓（去皮。各一两） 川芎 防风（去芦） 枳壳（制法同上。
各一两半） 甘草（半生半炙，七钱半）
上锉。每二钱，水一盏，姜二片，葱白一茎，煎七分，温服无时。有热，入薄荷同煎。
和解汤 治小儿四时感冒寒邪，壮热烦躁，鼻塞多涕，惊悸自汗，肢体疼痛。及疮
疹已发未发，皆可服。
羌活 防风 人参 川芎（各一两） 干葛 升麻 甘草 芍药（各半两）
上锉散。每服三钱，姜枣煎服。加荆芥。无汗，加麻黄，咳嗽者，加杏仁、五味子、桔梗。
Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction): Treats headache and fever caused by Taiyang disease (disease pattern resulting from pathogenic invasion of the Taiyang channel), body aches, aversion to wind, absence of sweating, wheezing and chest fullness, and a floating and tight pulse. If the condition persists for eight or nine days without resolution, diaphoresis should be induced. If after sweating the patient experiences irritability and drowsiness with closed eyes, epistaxis (nosebleed) will inevitably occur, and the disease will resolve only after the bleeding. The reason for this is excessive accumulation of Yang Qi.
Gancao (Licorice Root, 0.5 liang); Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed, 1.5 liang); Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, 1 liang); Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed, de-skin and de-apiculus, 35 seeds).
Take the above ingredients, each dose being 3 qian, decoct in water.
San'ao Tang (Three Uninhibited Decoction): Treats nasal congestion and heavy voice due to wind-pathogen invasion, inability to speak, or headache and vertigo due to wind-cold injury, limb stiffness and fatigue, cough with profuse phlegm, chest fullness and shortness of breath.
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, not de-stemmed); Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed, not de-skin and de-apiculus); Gancao (Licorice Root, raw).
Take equal parts of the above ingredients, crush into powder. Each dose is 3 qian, decoct with one zhan of water and three slices of fresh ginger until reduced to six-tenths, remove dregs and take warm. Diaphoresis is the goal. Another prescription adds Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba) and Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix). For severe cough, add Wubeizi (Schisandrae Fructus) and Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), halving their amounts. Another formula uses Mahuang de-stemmed, Xingren de-skin and de-apiculus, and Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), named Sanhe Tang (Three Harmonies Decoction), which is excellent for treating wheezing and cough. Modifications depend on flexible application: add Qianhu (Peucedani Radix) for heat; add Jingjie for wind-cold injury; add Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) for phlegm.
Jiajian San'ao Tang (Modified Three Uninhibited Decoction)
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-root and de-stem, 3 qian, boiled to remove foam, dried); Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, 2 qian); Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed, 7 seeds, de-skin and de-apiculus, stir-fried until yellow, ground separately into paste); Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root, 1 qian).
Grind the above into coarse powder, mix well with the apricot paste. Each dose is 1 qian, decoct with six-tenths of water until reduced to four-tenths, remove dregs and take warm at any time. Diaphoresis is the goal. Adjust dosage according to age and size. It is not suitable for patients with spontaneous sweating.
Wu'ao Tang (Five Uninhibited Decoction): Treats cough with phlegm and reverse flow of qi due to wind-dampness invasion, cold exposure, and consumption of cold drinks, characterized by continuous coughing fits.
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, not de-root and de-stem); Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed, not de-skin and de-apiculus); Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba, not de-stem); Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, mixed with honey water and stir-fried; each 5 qian); Gancao (Licorice Root, 2.5 qian).
Take the above ingredients, each dose being 2 qian, decoct with one zhan of water until reduced to seven-tenths, take warm at any time.
Baibu Wan (Stemona Pill): Treats lung cold obstruction causing cough in children, slight wheezing with phlegm.
Baibu (Stemonae Radix, stir-fried); Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stem; each 3 liang); Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed, 40 seeds, de-skin and de-apiculus, slightly stir-fried and incorporated into the mixture).
Grind the above into powder, mix with cooked jujube flesh, and form pills the size of soap beans. Take two or three pills with warm water at any time, three to four times daily. This is the original formula. Zhang Zhongjing added 50 Songziren (Pine Nut Kernels), formed into honey pills, and adding Hutaorou (Walnut Kernel) for sucking is highly effective. Another prescription adds Gancao (Licorice Root, 2 qian).
Jiubao Yin (Nine Treasures Drink): Treats pediatric cough caused by lung cold invasion requiring exterior dispersal, yet mistakenly treated with antitussives.
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stem); Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba); Dafupi (Arecae Pericarpium); Zisu (Perillae Folium; each 0.5 liang); Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium); Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed, de-skin and de-apiculus); Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, processed); Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex); Zhike (Aurantii Fructus; each 2.5 qian); Gancao (Licorice Root, 1.5 qian).
Crush the above into powder. Each dose is 2 qian, decoct with fresh ginger and wumei (Mume Fructus). For cold patterns, remove Bohe. For heat patterns, remove Chenpi and Rougui.
Huagai San (Canopy Powder): Treats lung cold invasion causing cough and rebellious qi, chest and diaphragm oppression, neck and back stiffness, heavy voice and nasal congestion, dizziness, and obstructed phlegm-qi.
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stem); Zisuzi (Perillae Fructum, stir-fried between papers); Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, honey-processed); Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed, de-skin and de-apiculus, stir-fried); Chifuling (Red Poria, de-skin); Chenjupi (Tangerine Peel, de-albedo; each 0.5 liang); Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root, 2 qian).
Crush the above into powder. Each dose is 2 qian, decoct with half a zhan of water until reduced to three-tenths, remove dregs, adjust dosage according to age, and take warm after meals.
Jinfeyao San (Golden Whorlwort Powder): Treats wind-cold with phlegm transformation, dizziness and headache, stiff neck, alternating chills and fever, limb pain, chest fullness, difficult expectoration, cough with wheezing and fullness, thick sputum and nasal discharge, as well as epidemic cold febrile diseases with high fever and aversion to wind.
Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba, 4 liang); Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, de-radicle); Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stem); Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos; each 3 liang); Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root); Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in hot water, soaked in ginger juice); Chishao (Red Peony Root; each 1 liang).
Crush the above into powder. Each dose is 2 qian, decoct with one zhan of water, three slices of fresh ginger, and one jujube until reduced to six-tenths, remove dregs and take warm at any time. If cold pathogen causes sweating and severe cough, add Xingren and Wubeizi.
Maijian San (Wheat Decoction Powder): Treats pediatric cold damage complicated with fright, vomiting, high fever, unresolved exterior and interior pathogens, rough breathing and acute wheezing, red face with spontaneous sweating, delirium and screaming, or muteness without sweating, widespread erythema and itching, tidal fever, epidemic measles and smallpox with residual toxins, generalized edema, phlegm-cough, or transformation into acute or chronic convulsions with limb spasms and upward deviation of eyes, as well as wind-cold headache.
Huashi (Talcum); Digupi (Lycii Cortex); Chishao (Red Peony Root); Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum); Baifuling (White Poria); Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed); Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma); Gancao (Licorice Root); Tinglizi (Lepidii Semen, stir-fried); Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma; each 0.5 liang); Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stem, 1.5 liang).
Grind the above into powder. Each dose is 1 qian, taken with wheat decoction. For newborns with wind-cold invasion presenting with nasal congestion, fever, sneezing and crying, use a very small amount ("one zi") taken with wheat decoction. Another prescription removes Digupi and Huashi, adding Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), and Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) decocted for administration.
Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction): Treats exterior syndrome of cold damage not resolved, aversion to cold with body heat, fluid retention below the heart, dry heaving, fever with cough, thirst or diarrhea, dysuria, globus sensation, lower abdominal fullness, and wheezing.
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stem; if mild diarrhea, remove Mahuang and add Raohua (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui) fried until red, size of a bullet; if globus, remove Mahuang and add Paofu Zi (Prepared Aconiti Lateralis Radix) 0.5 qian; if dysuria, add Fuling (Poria) 1 liang; if wheezing, remove Mahuang and add Xingren de-skin and de-apiculus); Chishao (Red Peony Root); Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, prepared; if thirst, remove Banxia and add Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix)); Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma); Pao Ganjiang (Prepared Zingiberis Rhizoma); Qu Cupi (Cinnamomi Cortex, de-ruff); Gancao (Licorice Root; each 0.75 liang); Wubeizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 0.5 liang).
Crush the above into powder. Each dose is 3 qian, decoct with one zhan of water until reduced to seven-tenths, remove dregs, and administer with modifications.
Qingfei Yin (Lung-Clearing Drink): Treats lung affected by wind-pathogen and guest-heat, continuous cough, shortness of breath and chest stuffiness, phlegm obstruction with nasal congestion, runny nose and aphonia. Also resolves epidemic rash toxins and smallpox, excessive salivation with cough, sore throat, and irritability with thirst.
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, cleaned, 2 liang); Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, de-radicle, 0.5 liang); Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed, soaked in hot water, de-skin and de-apiculus); Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, crushed, stir-fried); Chishao (Red Peony Root); Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba); Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, de-albedo, bran-fried until slightly yellow); Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, crushed, stir-fried); Bei Wubeizi (North Schisandrae Fructus); Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stem, soaked in hot water, filtered, crushed, dried); Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, boiled thoroughly, filtered, crushed, dried; each 1 liang); Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos, 5 qian); Gancao (Licorice Root, 1.5 liang).
Crush the above. Each dose is 2 qian, decoct with one zhan of water, two slices of ginger, and one stalk of scallion until reduced to seven-tenths, take warm at any time. Alternatively, add Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) and decoct together.
Jiebiao San (Exterior-Resolving Powder): Mainly treats wind-cold invasion causing cough, phlegm-wheezing, vomiting, diarrhea, palpitations, and heat patterns in both exterior and interior. Suitable for all such conditions.
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, prepared as above); Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed, soaked in hot water, de-skin and de-apiculus); Chifuling (Red Poria, de-skin; each 1 liang); Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma); Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, de-radicle); Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, prepared as above; each 1.5 liang); Gancao (Half raw, half honey-fried, 0.75 liang).
Crush the above. Each dose is 2 qian, decoct with one zhan of water, two slices of ginger, and one stalk of white scallion until reduced to seven-tenths, take warm at any time. For heat, add Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) and decoct together.
Hejie Tang (Harmonizing Decoction): Treats pediatric cold damage in all seasons, high fever with irritability, nasal congestion with excessive discharge, palpitations with spontaneous sweating, and limb pain. Also suitable for rashes whether erupted or un-erupted.
Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix); Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix); Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma); Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma; each 1 liang); Gange (Kudzu Root); Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma); Gancao (Licorice Root); Shaoyao (Peony Root; each 0.5 liang).
Crush the above into powder. Each dose is 3 qian, decoct with ginger and jujube. Add Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba). For no sweating, add Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba); for cough, add Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed), Wubeizi (Schisandrae Fructus), and Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix).