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Zheng stated: Infantile vomiting and diarrhea result from external contraction of wind-cold pathogens, internal injury from milk and food, or feeding the infant while crying has not subsided and breathing is not yet regulated. This causes qi to rebel upward and stagnate in the chest and diaphragm, leading to vomiting; if qi rebels downward and injures the spleen and stomach, it leads to diarrhea. When both upper and lower qi rebel simultaneously, vomiting and diarrhea occur together. Cases where infants vomit but do not have diarrhea are considered adverse (poor prognosis); such vomiting is often accompanied by phlegm inducing fright, with a mortality rate approaching 100%. If an infant has diarrhea without vomiting, or both vomiting and diarrhea occur together, and these symptoms persist for a long time without resolution, they may transform into Yin epilepsy (Yin Xian). Treatment should involve temporarily stopping breastfeeding. For mild cases, stop for one day; for severe cases, stop for three days. During this period, frequent administration of thin rice gruel is appropriate. Medication acts quickly, with a cure rate of eight or nine out of ten. Some people do not believe this advice, arguing that infants rely on milk for life and cannot tolerate temporary cessation. However, although milk cannot be completely abolished, it must be understood that for diseases caused by milk injury, continuing to feed the offending milk is like carrying firewood to save a fire; how can medicine then be effective? Those who recover without stopping breastfeeding usually have mild conditions. Conversely, many die prematurely due to neglecting mild conditions. The *Huoyou Xinshu* states: For persistent infantile vomiting and diarrhea, the key is to regulate breastfeeding and slowly treat with medication to ensure recovery. "Regulate" means to restrain; breastfeed only three or five times a day, ensuring each feeding is not excessive, so vomiting naturally decreases. Interspersing thin rice gruel can also harmonize the stomach. It is frequently observed that those who fail to understand this principle seek rapid effects through medication, often completely stopping breastfeeding for three or four days. This leads to extreme hunger and weak stomach qi, causing incessant crying and triggering other syndromes. Humans rely on food for life, and infants cannot survive without milk; thus, complete cessation is inappropriate. However, milk is blood, and blood belongs to Yin, possessing a cold nature. Excessive vomiting weakens the stomach, so regulation of breastfeeding is necessary; physicians must comprehend this. Nursing mothers should also take medications to harmonize qi and blood and regulate the spleen and stomach. In my opinion, for older infants who can eat solid food, complete cessation is preferable until recovery; for younger infants who cannot eat solids, regulation suffices.

[Xue Ji] Vomiting is primarily attributed to the Spleen and Stomach. The ancients said: Spleen deficiency leads to retching (Ou), and Stomach deficiency leads to vomiting (Tu). Retching involves sound but no material expulsion; vomiting involves material expulsion but no sound. If the fingertips of the hands and feet are hot, the infant prefers warm drinks, or sleeps with eyes partially open (exposing the eyeballs), this indicates deficient Stomach qi; use Yigong San (Extraordinary Power Powder). If the fingertips are hot, the infant prefers cold drinks, or sleeps with eyes tightly closed, this indicates excess heat in the Stomach meridian; use Xiehuang San (Drain Yellow Powder). If there is thirst, poor appetite, or reddish urine, this indicates deficient heat in the Stomach meridian; use Qiwei Baizhu San (Seven-Ingredient Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder). Generally, for infants, the nursing mother's diet must be strictly regulated. If the mother suffers from food stagnation, it can cause infantile vomiting and diarrhea; thus, caution is essential.

[Zeng Shirong] The causes of vomiting are numerous and difficult to list exhaustively. There are Cold Vomiting, Heat Vomiting, Accumulation Vomiting, Wind-Cold Cough-induced Vomiting, and Milk-Injury Vomiting. Although the act of vomiting is similar, the syndromes differ, as described below. Cold Vomiting: Undigested milk curds appear in vomitus; vomiting is frequent with little output; pulse is deep and faint; complexion is pale with dull eyes and drooping eyelids; breath is short, spirit is confused, and sweat appears on the forehead. This results from wind-cold invading the Stomach, consumption of raw/cold foods, or injury from retained milk. The Stomach is deficient and fails to retain contents, causing reflux. Treatment requires warming the Stomach, dispelling wind, and removing retained cold. Use Danggui San (Angelica Powder) decocted with water-boiled ginger and Chenpi (Tangerine Peel), or intermittently administer Chonghe Yin (Harmonizing Drink), Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), Jiangju Tang (Ginger and Tangerine Peel Decoction), or Dingtu Yin (Stabilize Vomiting Drink). If these are ineffective, use Shenxiang Yin (Ginseng and Aquilaria Drink). Heat Vomiting: Red face and lips; infrequent vomiting but large volume; digested milk curds are yellow; significant body heat; possibly due to summer-heat in the Stomach or consumption of hot-natured foods; spirit is active but irritable. This is Heat Vomiting. Treatment requires clearing heat and detoxifying. Use Dashun Yin (Great Smoothness Drink) taken on an empty stomach with warm boiled water, combined with Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder), Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) with ginger juice administered slowly, and Xiangru San (Elsholtzia Powder). If hot medicines were mistakenly administered, first give Mouton Yin (Mung Bean Drink) to detoxify, then anti-emetics. Accumulation Vomiting: Eyelids are puffy, complexion slightly yellow, cold feet but hot abdomen; symptoms are lighter during the day and heavier at night. In older children, the pulse is deep and slow, indicating retained cold stagnating in the Spleen, causing vomiting of yellow sour fluid or clear phlegm. A real and slippery pulse indicates injury from food accumulation, causing vomiting of sour gas or retained food. In younger infants, it manifests as undigested milk. First, use Wuling San with ginger juice and warm water to harmonize; subsequently, use Wuxi Wan (Black Rhinoceros Pill). For the youngest infants, use Sanleng San (Burreed Powder) or Huapi Wan (Resolve Masses Pill). Wind-Cold Cough-induced Vomiting: Heat generates wind, wind generates phlegm; phlegm knots in the chest, obstructing Lung qi, causing continuous coughing and vomiting with phlegm. This is excess syndrome due to severe coughing and phlegm obstruction. Treatment requires dispelling wind and resolving phlegm. First administer Qingfei Yin (Clear Lung Drink), followed by Xiaochaihu Tang. If chronic cough leads to Lung deficiency, where Earth (Spleen) fails to generate Metal (Lung), resulting in pale face, dry lips, dry cough, and dry retching without phlegm, warming tonification is superior. Use Fuling Nongpu Tang (Atractylodes and Magnolia Bark Decoction), Xingxing San (Awakening Powder), or Ruyi Gao (Ruyi Ointment). Milk-Injury Vomiting: Vomiting occurs immediately after feeding or shortly thereafter. This is due to excessive feeding and weak Spleen qi failing to transport and transform. It is akin to a small vessel overflowing when full. Treatment requires regulating breastfeeding and administering Sanleng San. Additionally, there is Wind-Phlegm Vomiting, where unresolved wind-cold causes vomiting of milk mixed with phlegm; prolonged duration risks generating wind. Qingzhou Baiwanzi (Qingzhou White Pills) and Banxia San (Pinellia Powder) or other wind-dispelling and phlegm-resolving agents are suitable. Toxic Gas Vomiting is recorded in *Chao Shi Bing Yuan*. Fright-associated Vomiting includes formulas like Zhang Huan's Sanxiang Dan (Three Fragrances Pill). Malnutrition Accumulation Vomiting is recorded in *Ben Shi Fang*. For persistent vomiting in Cholera-like disorders (Huo Luan), use two qian of fine powder from Fulonggan (Dragon's House Soil), mixed with decoction of roasted Sorghum grain (Lujimi); it stops immediately. Alternatively, fried Dolichos Lablab seeds (Baibian Dou) decocted in water is effective; fresh young shoots are even better.