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For newborn infants, umbilical tetanus (Umbilical Wind), lockjaw (Jin Ge, characterized by trismus and difficulty swallowing), and puckered mouth (Cuo Kou, where lips contract like a fish's mouth) are the most critical conditions, with only one in ten likely to survive. The method for prevention and treatment is to promptly wrap a finger with soft cloth, wipe the infant's mouth, and if two tendons are seen on the gums, gently cut them with a reed knife, then apply pig milk.

Rhizoma Coptidis (Huanglian, remove roots, half qian) Fermented Soybean (Douchi, 24 grains) Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, one cun long) Scallion White (Congbai, two cun long)
Decoct the above ingredients in urine from a healthy young boy (Tongzi Xiaoshui). Dip cotton wool in the liquid and wipe the oral cavity.

Hold the infant facing a light source; observe if there are red blood vessels extending straight up from the umbilicus. If so, moxibustion of three cones applied to the tip of the red vessel will result in survival.

If a newborn has heat in the chest and diaphragm, they will frequently stretch their body, make hiccuping sounds, and strain to distend their qi, forcing it into the root of the body. This causes the umbilicus to protrude and swell, appearing vacuously large and frightening. Ignorant practitioners may attribute this to improper umbilical cord ligation, which is incorrect. This condition is caused by the mother experiencing frequent fright or palpitations during pregnancy, or by indulging in foods with hot toxicity. One should administer medicine according to the syndrome; the internal heat will dissipate naturally, and the umbilicus will return to its normal position. There is no need to apply external powder, as it may cause harm instead. Zeng stated: Umbilical protrusion is not umbilical tetanus. It is also caused by loose ligature of the umbilical cord during bathing after birth, allowing filthy water to enter. Ten days postpartum, the external umbilicus suddenly becomes shiny and swollen as if inflated, producing a slight sound when manipulated, occasionally accompanied by fright and crying. Treatment involves decocting Baishao Yao Tang with Coicis Semen (Yiyiren) in water, taken warm on an empty stomach, followed by external application of Waixiao San, which will naturally resolve.

Baishao Yao Tang (see section on Hernia)
Waixiao San Treats umbilical protrusion occurring more than ten days after birth in infants, whether painful or painless; if painful, the infant cries incessantly. It also treats pediatric cases where damp-heat binds together, causing swelling of the genitalia and scrotum.

Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang) Concha Ostreae (Muli, each half liang) Natrii Sulfas (Puxiao, two qian)
Crush and roast the first two ingredients into a fine powder, add Natrii Sulfas, and grind uniformly in a mortar. Take one or two qian of the powder. Wash a fresh apple snail (Tianluo) thoroughly, place it in half a bowl of water overnight, remove the snail, mix the powder with the water, and apply to the swollen area; the swelling will subside immediately. Return the snail to the water and do not harm it. As the sages said: Killing life to save life is far from the Way; although the life of creatures is minute, it serves as a warning. For swelling of the genitalia and scrotum, decoct Semen Plantaginis (Cheqianzi), let it cool, mix with the powder, and apply externally.

Erdou San Treats umbilical protrusion and swelling in infants.

Vigna angularis (Chixiaodou, keep skin) Fermented Soybean (Douchi) Rhizoma Arisaematis (Tian Nanxing, remove skin and umbilicus) Radix Ampelopsis (Bailian, each one qian)
Grind all ingredients into an extremely fine powder. Take half a qian, mix with natural juice of Musa basjoo (Bajiao), and apply around the umbilicus. Once daily, twice over two days. If white stool is passed, the condition will stabilize.