中寒之症,身体强直,口噤不语,或四肢战掉,或洒洒恶寒,或翕翕发热,或
卒然眩晕,身无汗者,此寒毒所中也。其异于伤寒何也?曰∶伤寒发热,而中寒不
发热也。仲景于伤寒详之,而中寒不成热者,未之及何也?曰∶阳动阴静,动则变
生,静则不变,寒虽阴邪,既郁而成热,遂从乎阳动,传变不一,靡有定方,故极
推其所之之病,不得不详也。其不成热者,则是邪中于阴形之中,一定而不移,不
移则不变,不变则止在所中寒处而生病,是故略而不必详也。治之先用酒调苏合香
丸,轻则五积散加香附一钱,麝香少许;重则用姜附汤。若人渐苏,身体回暖,稍
能言语,须更问其别有何证。寒脉迟紧,挟气带洪,攻刺作痛,附子理中汤加木香
半钱。挟风带浮,眩晕不仁,加防风一钱。挟湿带濡,肿满疼痛,加白术一钱。筋
脉牵急,加木瓜一钱。肢节疼痛,加桂一钱。亦可灸丹田穴,以多为妙。大抵中在
皮肤则为浮,中在肉则为苛为重,为聚液分裂而痛,或痛在四肢,或痛在胸胁,或
痛在胫背,或痛在小腹引睾。或经脉引注脏腑之膜原为心腹痛。或注连于脏腑则痛
死不知人。中于筋骨为筋挛骨痛,屈伸不利。中入六腑五脏,则仲景述在《金匮要
略》中。所以肺中寒者,吐浊涕。肝中寒者,两臂不能举,舌本燥,喜太息,胸中
痛而不得转侧,则吐而汗出也。心中寒者,其人苦心中如啖蒜状,剧者心痛彻背,背
痛彻心,譬如虫注,其脉浮者,自吐乃愈。不言脾肾二脏中寒者缺文也。然所谓中
脏者,乃中五脏所居畔界之郭内,阻隔其经,脏气不得出入故病,若真中脏则死
矣。《永类钤方》云∶肝中寒,其脉人迎并左关紧而弦,其证恶寒,发热面赤,如有
汗,胸中烦,胁下挛急,足不得伸。心中寒者,其脉人迎并左寸紧而洪,其证如HT
韭,甚则心痛掣背,恶寒,四肢厥,自吐,昏塞不省。脾中寒,其脉人迎并右关
紧而沉,其证心腹胀,四肢挛急,嗳噫不通,脏气不传,或秘或泄。肺中寒,其脉
人迎并右寸紧而涩,其证善吐浊,气短不能报息,洒洒而寒,吸吸而咳。肾中寒,
其脉人迎并左尺紧而滑,其证色黑气弱,吸吸少气,耳聋腰痛,膝下拘疼,昏不知
人。治当审微甚,甚则以姜附汤为主,微则不换金正气散加附子,附子五积散。脐
腹痛,四肢厥,附子理中汤、姜附汤。入肝加木瓜,入肺加桑白皮,入脾加术,入
心加茯苓。
The syndrome of Cold Strike (Zhong Han) manifests as stiffness and rigidity of the body, lockjaw with inability to speak, or trembling and shaking of the four limbs, or a sensation of chilliness (Sascha Ehan), or a slight fever (Xixi Fare), or sudden vertigo accompanied by absence of sweating. This is caused by the direct invasion of Cold Toxin (Handu). How does it differ from Cold Damage (Shanghan)? It is said: In Cold Damage, there is fever, whereas in Cold Strike, there is no fever. Zhang Zhongjing elaborated extensively on Cold Damage, but did not address Cold Strike because it does not transform into heat. Why? Yang moves and Yin is still; movement generates change, while stillness remains unchanged. Although Cold is a Yin pathogen, once it stagnates and transforms into heat, it follows the movement of Yang and undergoes various transmissions without a fixed pattern. Therefore, the diseases resulting from its transmission must be detailed. However, when it does not transform into heat, the pathogen strikes within the Yin forms, remaining fixed and unchanging. Since it does not change, it stays at the site of the strike and causes illness locally; thus, it is briefly mentioned rather than detailed. Treatment should first employ Suhe Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill) mixed with wine. For mild cases, Wu Ji San (Five Accumulations Powder) is used with one qian of Xiangfu (Cyperus Rhizome) and a small amount of Shexiang (Musk). For severe cases, Jiang Fu Tang (Ginger and Aconite Decoction) is used. If the patient gradually regains consciousness, the body warms up, and speech becomes slightly possible, one must inquire about other symptoms. If the pulse is slow and tight, indicating Qi stagnation with a surging quality, and there are stabbing pains, Fuzi Lizhong Tang (Aconite Decoction for Regulating the Middle) is used with half a qian of Muxiang (Costus Root). If Wind is involved with a floating pulse, causing vertigo and numbness, Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root) is added. If Dampness is involved with a soggy pulse, causing swelling, fullness, and pain, Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) is added. If tendons and vessels are pulled and tense, Mugua (Chaenomeles Fruit) is added. If limb joints are painful, Gui (Cinnamon Twig) is added. Acupuncture or moxibustion at the Dantian acupoint is also recommended, preferably with multiple applications. Generally, if Cold strikes the skin, it is superficial; if it strikes the muscles, it feels heavy and burdensome, leading to fluid accumulation and splitting pain, which may occur in the limbs, chest and hypochondrium, shins and back, or lower abdomen radiating to the testicles. If it enters the membrane source between organs, it causes heart and abdominal pain. If it connects to the Zang-Fu organs, it causes severe pain leading to unconsciousness. If it strikes sinews and bones, it causes tendon spasms and bone pain with difficulty in flexion and extension. The treatment of Cold entering the Six Fu and Five Zang organs is described in Zhang Zhongjing's *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet). Thus, Lung Cold Strike results in expectoration of turbid mucus. Liver Cold Strike results in inability to raise both arms, dryness at the root of the tongue, frequent sighing, chest pain preventing turning over, vomiting, and sweating. Heart Cold Strike causes a sensation of burning like eating garlic in the heart region; severe cases involve heart pain radiating to the back and back pain radiating to the heart, resembling insect biting. If the pulse is floating, spontaneous vomiting leads to recovery. The text lacks information on Spleen and Kidney Cold Strike. However, "Zang Strike" refers to Cold striking the boundaries within which the Zang organs reside, blocking meridians and preventing Zang Qi from entering and exiting, causing disease. True direct strike on the Zang organs would be fatal. *Yonglei Qianfang* states: Liver Cold Strike presents with a tight and wiry pulse at the Yingchong point and left Guan position, with symptoms of chills, fever, red face, apparent sweating, chest irritability, hypochondriac spasm and urgency, and inability to extend the legs. Heart Cold Strike presents with a tight and surging pulse at the Yingchong point and left Cun position, with symptoms like the pungency of leeks, severe heart pain pulling to the back, chills, cold extremities, spontaneous vomiting, and coma. Spleen Cold Strike presents with a tight and deep pulse at the Yingchong point and right Guan position, with symptoms of abdominal distension and fullness, limb spasms, inability to belch, failure of Zang Qi transmission, constipation or diarrhea. Lung Cold Strike presents with a tight and choppy pulse at the Yingchong point and right Cun position, with symptoms of easy expectoration of turbid matter, shortness of breath unable to complete inhalation, chilliness, and coughing upon inhalation. Kidney Cold Strike presents with a tight and slippery pulse at the Yingchong point and left Chi position, with symptoms of dark complexion, weak Qi, shortness of breath, deafness, lower back pain, cramping pain below the knees, and unconsciousness. Treatment requires assessing severity. Severe cases use Jiang Fu Tang as the main formula; mild cases use Buhuanjin Zhengqi San (Non-Exchanging Golden Upright Qi Powder) with Fuzi, or Fuzi Wuji San. For umbilical and abdominal pain with cold extremities, Fuzi Lizhong Tang and Jiang Fu Tang are used. If Cold enters the Liver, add Mugua; if it enters the Lung, add Sangbaipi (Mulberry Root Bark); if it enters the Spleen, add Baizhu; if it enters the Heart, add Fuling (Poria).