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Epilepsy is similar to apoplexy (stroke) and tetanus (a disease characterized by stiffness of the neck and back, and spasms of the limbs), but during an epileptic seizure, the patient makes sounds in the mouth when falling; as they are about to wake up, they salivate; after waking, the condition may recur. Some have daily attacks for several consecutive days, while others have three to five attacks per day. In contrast, conditions such as wind-stroke, cold-stroke, and heat-stroke involve no sound when falling, no saliva upon waking, and no recurrence after waking. Tetanus also comes and goes, but the body becomes stiff and arched like a bow, unlike epilepsy where the body remains soft, nor does it make sounds like pigs, dogs, cattle, or sheep. *Yuan Bing Shi* attributes this to excessive heat causing wind-dryness as a concurrent transformation, with saliva overflowing into the chest and diaphragm, dryness scorching the tendons leading to convulsions, and unconsciousness with rigid collapse. *San Yin Fang* attributes it to fright disturbing the uneven qi of the zang organs, stagnation generating phlegm-fluids, blocking the various meridians, and resulting in jue (reversal cold/loss of consciousness). This may occur due to fright received in the womb, exposure to the six climatic factors, or irregular diet disrupting organ qi. Generally, contrarian qi comes from external sources, fright from internal sources, and diet belongs to neither-internal-nor-external causes. Since the etiologies differ, the treatments also differ. For cases due to fright, Anshen Wan (Spirit-Calming Pill) is used to calm them. For cases due to phlegm, Sansheng San (Three Saints Powder) is used to induce vomiting. For cases due to fire, Qingshen Tang (Spirit-Cooling Decoction) is used to cool. If purgation is indicated, Chengqi Tang (Chengqi Decoction) is used. Zhu Danxi’s general principle divides treatment based on the proportion of phlegm and heat, using Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), and Nanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma) as main herbs. If there is heat, cooling herbs are used to clear the Heart. If there is phlegm, vomiting is essential; after vomiting, Dongyuan Anshen Wan (Dongyuan Spirit-Calming Pill) and liver-calming herbs such as Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), and Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) are used. Zhang Hezi’s method states that for epilepsy not presenting with eyes staring blankly like stupidity, Sansheng San is administered, along with placing a charcoal brazier in a warm room to facilitate simultaneous sweating, vomiting, and purging, followed by Tongsheng San (Tongsheng Powder), with recovery expected within a hundred days. For those too weak to tolerate vomiting and purging, Xingxiang San (Star-Fragrance Powder) is modified with Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), and Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), each 1 qian, plus Quanxie (Scorpio) 3 pieces, mixed with Zhuli (Bamboo Sap), and taken with Sujiao Wan (Butter-Horn Pill), Yangshi Wu Xian Wan (Yang’s Five Epilepsies Pill), Xijiao Wan (Rhinoceros Horn Pill), Longnao Anshen Wan (Camphor Spirit-Calming Pill), Shenju Wan (Ginseng-Cinnabar Pill), or Hupo Shouxing Wan (Amber Longevity-Star Pill). Alternatively, Nanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma) is steamed and dried nine times, ground into powder, made into pills the size of paulownia seeds with ginger juice. Each dose consists of 20 pills, taken with a decoction of Renshen, Maidong, Fushen (Poria with Hostwood), and Shichangpu, mixed with bamboo sap. *Zhi Fa Za Lun* states: Whenever an attack presents with neck stiffness, fixed gaze, and loss of consciousness, this indicates heat in the Liver channel. If teeth-grinding occurs, Tingli Kujiu Tang (Descurainia Vinegar Decoction) should be used first to induce vomiting; afterwards, Xieqing Wan (Draining Green Pill) can be used to purge, followed by Jiajian Tongsheng San (Modified Tongsheng Powder). For obvious teeth-grinding symptoms, Daochi San (Guide Out Redness Powder) cures the condition. During an attack, Qingfen (Calomel), Baifan (Alumen), and Daizheshi (Haematitum) can be given with rice water after the episode subsides. The Classics state: Use heavy agents to anchor it. Haicang (Zhang Yuansu) states: For wind-epilepsy, fright-epilepsy, mania, aversion to people and fire, presenting with Chang, Hong, or Fu pulses, moxa the third and ninth thoracic vertebrae, and take Jufang Miaoxiang Wan (Bureau Formula Wonderful Fragrance Pill), pierced with a needle and soaked in cold water briefly before taking as directed. For various epilepsies resembling mania with Xian, Xi, or Huan pulses, Li Zhongnan’s Wusheng Wan (Five Births Pill) is used. Daytime attacks treat the Yang Qiao vessel (using Shengyang Tang); nighttime attacks treat the Yin Qiao vessel. Moxa both Qiao vessels 14 times each, then take the aforementioned medicines. (Note: When moxa for epilepsy, purgation must precede moxa; otherwise, qi blockage may prove fatal). Attacks at dawn belong to Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder. Attacks in the morning belong to Foot-Jueyin Liver. Attacks at noon belong to Foot-Taiyang Bladder. Attacks at dusk belong to Foot-Taiyin Spleen. Attacks at nightfall belong to Foot-Yangming Stomach. Attacks at midnight belong to Foot-Shaoyin Kidney. Add guiding herbs to the decoctions accordingly. *Qianjin Fang* states: If the illness begins with fever, convulsions, fright, crying, and subsequent attack with floating and surging pulses, it is Yang Epilepsy, located in the Six Fu organs, superficial in the skin and muscles, and relatively easy to treat. If the body is initially cold, without convulsions or crying, and the pulse is deep upon attack, it is Yin Epilepsy, located in the Five Zang organs, deep in the bone marrow, and difficult to treat. Liu Zongnong states: Yin and Yang epilepsy are analogous to acute and chronic infantile convulsions. Yang epilepsy is not caused by improper vomiting or purging, but by phlegm and heat lodging between the Heart and Stomach, triggered by sudden fright; if heat is severe, it may arise spontaneously even without fright. Cold herbs should be used to attack and treat it. Yin epilepsy also originates from phlegm-heat, but is transformed into a yin pattern due to excessive use of cold-cooling purgatives by physicians, damaging the Spleen and Stomach. Warm and neutral stomach-tonifying and phlegm-drying herbs should be used. If one argues that the distinction between yin and yang is not due to iatrogenic damage, it refers to the depth of phlegm-heat in the interior/exterior and zang/fu organs; does epilepsy inherently possess yin-cold? For long-standing accumulation, Nongpo Wan (Magnolia Bark Pill) is used, adding Renshen, Shichangpu, and Fuling, each 1 liang 5 qian, to the standard formula for harmonized administration. For accumulations generating parasites, Migong Wan (Miraculous Efficacy Pill) is used. After recovery, blood-nourishing and spirit-calming herbs such as Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction), Suanzaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix), Maidong, Anshen Wan, and Zhibao Dan (Precious Treasure Pellet) should be added to the phlegm-clearing and heat-purging regimen. Continuous medication, combined with strict lifestyle regulation, prevents recurrence.

[Diagnosis] Hong, Chang, and Fu pulses indicate Wind-Epilepsy. Xian, Xi, and Huan pulses indicate various epilepsies. Floating pulse indicates Yang Epilepsy. Deep pulse indicates Yin Epilepsy. Deficient and wiry pulse indicates Fright. Deep and rapid pulse indicates Excess Heat. Deep, small, urgent, and solid pulse, or deficient and wiry-urgent pulse, are untreatable.