〔气分热〕
清肺散（东垣） 治渴而小便闭或黄或涩。
茯苓（二钱） 猪苓（三钱） 泽泻 瞿麦 琥珀（各五分） 灯芯（一分） 蓄 木通（各七分） 通
草（二分） 车前子（一钱，炒）
上为细末，每服五钱，水一盏半，煎至一盏，稍热服。
黄芩清肺饮（见淋） 猪苓汤 五苓散（并消瘅。） 茯苓琥珀汤（小便数。）
红秫散 治小便不通，上喘。
蓄（一两半） 灯芯（一百根） 红秫黍根（二两）
上 咀，每服五钱，用河水二盏，煎至七分，去滓热服，空心食前。
〔血分热〕
滋肾丸 治下焦阴虚，脚膝软无力，阴汗，阴痿，足热不能履地，不渴而小便闭。
黄柏（酒洗，焙） 知母（酒洗，焙。各二两） 肉桂（二钱）
《内经》曰∶热者寒之。又云∶肾恶燥，急食辛以润之。以黄柏之苦寒，泻热补水润
燥，故以为君。以知母苦寒，泻肾火，故以为佐。肉桂辛热，寒因热用也。
上为细末，熟水为丸，如芡实大。每服百丸，加至二百丸，百沸汤空心下。
黄连丸 即滋阴化气汤（洁古） 治因服热药，小便不利，诸药莫能效者，或脐下痛不可忍者。
黄连（炒） 黄柏（炒） 甘草（各等分）
上 咀，水煎，温服，食前。如再不通，加知母。
导气除燥汤（东垣） 治小便不通，乃血涩致气不通而窍涩也。
知母（三钱，酒制） 黄柏（四钱，酒制） 滑石（二钱，炒黄） 泽泻末（三钱） 茯苓（去皮，二钱）
上和匀，每服半两，水煎，稍热空心服。如急闭小便，不拘时服。
〔水气〕
栝蒌瞿麦汤（仲景） 治小便不利而渴，亦气分药也。
栝蒌根（二两） 茯苓 薯蓣（各三两） 附子（炮，一枚） 瞿麦（一两）
上为末，炼蜜丸，如桐子大。每服三丸，日三服。不知，增至七八丸。（以小便利，腹中温，谓之知。）
八正散（《宝鉴》） 治大人小儿心经邪热，一切蕴毒，咽干口燥，大渴引饮，心忪面赤，
烦躁不宁，目赤睛疼，唇焦鼻衄，口舌生疮，咽喉肿痛。又治小便赤涩，或癃闭不通，及
热淋、血淋，并宜服之，亦气分药也。
瞿麦 蓄 车前子 滑石 甘草（炙
）山栀子仁 木通 大黄（面裹煨，去面，切，焙。各一斤）
上为散，每服二钱，水一盏，入灯芯，煎至七分，去滓温服，食后临卧。小儿量力，少少与之。
桃仁煎（《本事》） 治妇人积血。
桃仁 大黄 朴硝（各一两） 虻虫（半两，炒黑）
上四味为末，以醇醋二升半，银石器内慢火煎取一升五合，下大黄、虻虫、桃仁等，
不住手搅，良久出之，丸如梧子大。前一日不晚食，五更初温酒吞下五丸。日午取下如
赤豆汁，或如鸡肝、蛤蟆衣状，未下再作，如见鲜血即止，续以调血气药补之。（此方出《千
金》，药峻，不可轻用。）
代抵当丸（蓄血。） 牛膝膏（见淋。）
以上三方，皆血分药也。
木香流气饮（水肿。）
〔实证〕
白花散（《宝鉴》） 治膀胱有热，小便不通。
朴硝（不以多少，为末）
上每服二钱，用茴香汤调下，食前。
木通汤 治小便不通，小腹痛不可忍。
木通 滑石（各半两） 牵牛（取头未，二钱半）
上作一服，水二盅，灯芯十茎，葱白一茎，煎至一盅，食前服。
〔虚证〕
八味丸 治肾虚小便不通，或过服凉药而秘涩愈甚者，每服五十丸，温盐汤下。（方见虚劳。）
琥珀散 治老人虚人心气闭塞，小便不通。用琥珀为末，每服一钱，浓煎人参汤下，有验。
利气散 治老人气虚，小便闭塞不通。
绵黄 （去芦） 陈皮（去白） 甘草（各等分）
上锉散，每服三钱，水一盏煎服，自然流通。
参 汤 治心虚客热乘之，小便涩数，数而沥。
赤茯苓（七钱半） 生干地黄 绵黄 （去芦） 桑螵蛸（微炙） 地骨皮（去骨，各半两） 人参（去
芦） 北五味子（去梗） 菟丝子（酒浸。研） 甘草（炙。各二钱半）
上锉散，新汲水一盏煎，临熟入灯芯二十一茎，温服。
〔转胞〕
滑石散 治胞为热所迫，或忍小便，俱令水气迫于胞，屈辟不得充张，外水应入不
得入，内溲应出不得出，小腹急痛，不得小便，小腹胀，不治害人。
寒水石（二两） 葵子（一合） 白滑石 乱发灰 车前子 木通（去皮节。各一两）
上锉散，水一斗，煮取五升，时时服一升，即利。
八味丸 治虚人下元冷，胞转不得小便，膨急切痛，经四五日困笃欲死，每服五十丸，
盐汤下。（方见虚劳。）
葱白汤 治小便卒暴不通，小腹膨急，气上冲心，闷绝欲死。此由暴气乘膀胱，或从
惊忧，气无所伸，郁闭而不流，气冲胞系不正。
陈皮（三两） 葵子（一两） 葱白（二茎）
上锉散，水五升，煮取二升，分三服。
洗方 治胞转，小便不能通。先用∶
良姜 葱头 紫苏茎叶（各一握）
上煎汤，密室内熏洗小腹、外肾、肛门，留汤再添，蘸绵洗，以手抚于脐下，拭干，绵
被中仰坐，垂脚自舒其气。次用∶
蜀葵子（二钱半） 赤茯苓 赤芍药 白芍药（各半两）
上锉散，每服三钱，煎取清汁，再暖，乘热调苏合香丸三丸，并研细青盐半钱，食前温服。
又法 炒盐半斤，囊盛熨小腹。
葱熨法 治小便难，小肠胀，不急治杀人。用葱白三斤，细锉，炒令熟，以帕子裹，
分作两处，更替熨脐下，即通。
治忍小便胞转方
上以自爪甲烧灰，水服。
治男子妇人过忍小便胞转
上以滑石末，葱汤调服。
〔通治〕
蒲黄散 治心肾有热，小便不通。
蒲黄（生用） 木通 荆芥 车前子 桑白皮（炒） 滑石 灯芯 赤芍药 赤茯苓 甘草
（炙。各等分）
上为细末，每服二钱，食前用葱白、紫苏煎汤调服。
通心饮 治心经有热，唇焦面赤，小便不通。
木通 连翘（各等分）
上为细末，每服一二钱，不拘时，麦门冬煎汤或灯芯煎汤调服。
治小便不通，数日欲死者，神效。
桃枝 柳技 木通 旱莲子 汉椒 白矾（枯。各一两） 葱白（一握） 灯芯（一束）
上细锉，以水三斗，煎至一斗五升，用瓷瓶一个，热盛一半药汁，熏外肾，周回以
被围绕，辄不得外风入，良久便通，如赤豆汁。若冷即换之，其功甚大。一方，无旱莲子。
独蒜涂脐方 治小便不通。
大蒜（独颗者一枚） 栀子（三七枚） 盐花（少许）
上捣烂，摊纸花子上贴脐，良久即通；未通，涂阴囊上，立通。
牛膝汤 治小便不通，茎中痛，及治女人血结，腹坚痛。
牛膝（根叶一握，生用） 当归（焙，一两） 黄芩（去黑心，半两）
上锉碎，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎七分，去滓温服，日三。
〔妊娠〕
葵子茯苓散（仲景）
葵子 茯苓（各三两）
上二味，杵为散，饮服方寸匕，日三服。小便利则愈。
归母苦参丸（仲景）
当归 贝母 苦参（各四两）
上三味，为末，炼蜜丸，如小豆大。饮服三丸至十丸。男子加滑石半两。
[Heat in the Qi Level]
Qingfei San (Lidong Formula): Treats thirst accompanied by urinary retention, with yellow urine or dysuria.
Ingredients: Poria (2 qian), Polyporus (3 qian), Alisma, Dianthus, Amber (each 5 fen), Juncus effusus (1 fen), Polygonum aviculare, Akebia (each 7 fen), Tinospora (2 qian), Plantago seed (1 qian, stir-fried).
Preparation and Administration: Grind the above ingredients into a fine powder. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1.5 cups of water, decoct to 1 cup, and take when slightly warm.
Huangqin Qingfei Yin (see Lin syndrome), Zhuling Tang, Wuling San (all treat Xiao Dao / diabetes-like symptoms), Fuling Hupo Tang (treats pollakiuria).
Hongshu San: Treats urinary retention accompanied by upper asthma (wheezing).
Ingredients: Polygonum aviculare (1.5 liang), Juncus effusus (100 stalks), Root of Sorghum vulgare var. everticillatum (2 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Cut the herbs into small pieces. Take 5 qian per dose, add 2 cups of river water, decoct to 0.7 cup, remove dregs, and take hot on an empty stomach or before meals.
[Heat in the Blood Level]
Zishen Wan: Treats deficiency of Yin in the Lower Jiao, leading to weakness and soreness of the legs and knees, sweating in the genital area, impotence, heat in the soles of the feet preventing them from touching the ground, no thirst but urinary retention.
Ingredients: Phellodendron bark (wine-washed, dried), Anemarrhena rhizome (wine-washed, dried, each 2 liang), Cinnamon twig (2 qian).
The *Neijing* states: "For heat, use cold." It also says: "The Kidney dislikes dryness; quickly eat pungent substances to moisten it." Using the bitter-cold nature of Phellodendron bark to clear heat, tonify water, and moisten dryness makes it the Sovereign herb. Using the bitter-cold nature of Anemarrhena rhizome to clear Kidney fire makes it the Assistant herb. Cinnamon twig is pungent and hot, used as a counter-agent in treating heat.
Preparation and Administration: Grind into a fine powder, make pills with cooked water, size like Euryale seed. Take 100 pills per dose, increasing to 200 pills, taken on an empty stomach with boiling water.
Huanglian Wan: Also known as Ziyin Huaqi Tang (Jiegu Formula): Treats urinary difficulty caused by taking hot-natured medicines, where other medicines are ineffective, or unbearable pain below the umbilicus.
Ingredients: Coptis rhizome (stir-fried), Phellodendron bark (stir-fried), Licorice root (equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Cut into pieces, decoct in water, take warm before meals. If still blocked, add Anemarrhena rhizome.
Daoqi Chuzao Tang (Lidong Formula): Treats urinary retention caused by blood stasis leading to Qi stagnation and orifice obstruction.
Ingredients: Anemarrhena rhizome (3 qian, wine-processed), Phellodendron bark (4 qian, wine-processed), Talcum (2 qian, stir-fried until yellow), Alisma powder (3 qian), Poria (peeled, 2 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Mix evenly. Take 0.5 liang per dose, decoct in water, take warm on an empty stomach. For urgent urinary retention, take at any time.
[Water Qi]
Gualou Qimai Tang (Zhongjing Formula): Treats urinary difficulty with thirst; this also belongs to regulating Qi-level medicines.
Ingredients: Trichosanthes root (2 liang), Poria, Dioscorea rhizome (each 3 liang), Prepared Aconite root (1 piece), Dianthus (1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into powder, make pills with refined honey, size like Sophora seeds. Take 3 pills per dose, three times daily. If ineffective, increase to 7-8 pills. (Effectiveness is indicated by free urination and warmth in the abdomen, termed "Zhi").
Bazheng San (*Ba Jian*) : Treats pathogenic heat in the Heart meridian in adults and children, all accumulated toxins, dry throat and mouth, excessive thirst, palpitations with red face, restlessness, red eyes and eye pain, cracked lips, epistaxis, oral ulcers, sore throat and swelling. Also treats red and dysuric urine, strangury (long bi) with inability to urinate, heat-Lin, and blood-Lin. This also belongs to regulating Qi-level medicines.
Ingredients: Dianthus, Polygonum aviculare, Plantago seed, Talcum, Roasted Licorice root, Gardenia seed, Akebia, Rhubarb (wrapped in flour, baked, flour removed, sliced, dried, each 1 jin).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add 1 cup of water and Juncus effusus, decoct to 0.7 cup, remove dregs, take warm after meals and before bed. Children should take small amounts according to their capacity.
Taoren Jian (*Ben Shi*) : Treats accumulated blood stasis in women.
Ingredients: Peach kernel, Rhubarb, Mirabilite (each 1 liang), Blatta orientalis (0.5 liang, stir-fried until black).
Preparation and Administration: Grind the four ingredients into powder. Add 2.5 sheng of pure vinegar, slowly boil in a silver or earthenware vessel to obtain 1.5 sheng of liquid. Add Rhubarb, Blatta orientalis, and Peach kernel, stir constantly, then remove. Make pills size like Sophora seeds. Do not eat late the night before. At dawn (Wugeng), swallow 5 pills with warm wine. By noon, discharge material resembling red bean juice, chicken liver, or frog skin. If not discharged, repeat. Stop if fresh blood appears, then follow with blood-regulating and Qi-tonifying medicines. (This formula comes from *Qian Jin*, is potent, and should not be used lightly.)
Daidang Wan (treats Blood Stasis), Niuxi Gao (see Lin syndrome).
The above three formulas are all Blood-level medicines.
Muxiang Liuqi Yin (treats Edema).
[Excess Syndrome]
Baihua San (*Ba Jian*) : Treats Heat in the Bladder causing urinary retention.
Ingredients: Mirabilite (as needed, powdered).
Preparation and Administration: Take 2 qian per dose, mix with Fennel decoction, take before meals.
Mutong Tang: Treats urinary retention with unbearable lower abdominal pain.
Ingredients: Akebia, Talcum (each 0.5 liang), Morning Glory seed (head powder, 2.5 qian).
Preparation and Administration: One dose. Add 2 cups of water, 10 stalks of Juncus effusus, 1 stalk of White onion, decoct to 1 cup, take before meals.
[Deficiency Syndrome]
Bawei Wan: Treats urinary retention due to Kidney deficiency, or worsening constipation and dysuria due to overuse of cold medicines. Take 50 pills per dose with warm salted water. (Formula see Xu Lao chapter).
Hupo San: Treats urinary retention in the elderly due to closure of Heart Qi from deficiency. Powder Amber, take 1 qian per dose with strong Ginseng decoction. Effective.
LiQi San: Treats urinary blockage in the elderly due to Qi deficiency.
Ingredients: Astragalus root (remove radicle), Tangerine peel (remove white pith), Licorice root (equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Cut into coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in 1 cup of water. Urination will naturally flow freely.
Shen Tang: Treats urinary frequency and dribbling due to Heart deficiency allowing guest-heat to invade.
Ingredients: Red Poria (7.5 qian), Dried Rehmannia root, Astragalus root (remove radicle), Mantis ootheca (lightly roasted), Cortex Lycii radicis (bone removed, each 0.5 liang), Ginseng root (remove radicle), Schisandra berry (remove stem), Dodder seed (soaked in wine, ground), Roasted Licorice root (each 2.5 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Cut into coarse powder. Decoct in 1 cup of fresh well-water. When nearly done, add 21 stalks of Juncus effusus. Take warm.
[Reverted Bladder]
Shihui San: Treats bladder compression by heat, or holding urine, causing Water Qi to press on the bladder, making it unable to expand. External water cannot enter, internal urine cannot exit. Lower abdominal urgency and pain, inability to urinate, lower abdominal distension. Untreated, it is fatal.
Ingredients: Halloysitum Rubrum (2 liang), Abelmoschus esculentus seed (1 he), White Talcum, Ash of human hair, Plantago seed, Akebia (remove nodes, each 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Cut into coarse powder. Add 1 dou of water, boil to 5 sheng. Take 1 sheng frequently. Urination will become free.
Bawei Wan: Treats deficiency patients with cold in the Lower Yuan, reverted bladder causing inability to urinate, abdominal distension and acute pain. After 4-5 days of critical condition, take 50 pills per dose with salted water. (Formula see Xu Lao chapter).
Congbai Tang: Treats sudden complete urinary retention, abdominal distension and urgency, Qi rushing to the heart, suffocation and near-death sensation. Caused by violent Qi attacking the Bladder, or fear/worry causing Qi stagnation and blockage, leading to improper position of the bladder ligaments.
Ingredients: Tangerine peel (3 liang), Abelmoschus esculentus seed (1 liang), White onion (2 stalks).
Preparation and Administration: Cut into coarse powder. Add 5 sheng of water, boil to 2 sheng. Divide into three doses.
Xi Fang (Washing Formula): Treats reverted bladder with urinary retention. First use:
Alpinia officinarum rhizome, Onion head, Perilla stem and leaf (each one handful).
Preparation and Administration: Boil in water. In a sealed room, fumigate and wash the lower abdomen, external genitals, and anus. Keep the soup, add more, dip cotton cloth to wash. Massage below the navel, wipe dry, sit supine under a cotton quilt with feet hanging down to relax Qi. Next use:
Abelmoschus manihot seed (2.5 qian), Red Poria, Red Peony root, White Peony root (each 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Cut into coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct to clear liquid, reheat. Mix with 3 pills of Suhexiang Wan and half a qian of finely ground green salt. Take warm before meals.
Another method: Stir-fry 0.5 jin of salt, put in a bag, and apply heat compress to the lower abdomen.
Congyi Fa (Onion Compress Method): Treats difficult urination and Small Intestine distension. Untreated, it is fatal. Use 3 jin of White onion, finely chop, stir-fry until cooked. Wrap in cloth, divide into two portions, alternate compressing below the navel. Urination will immediately flow.
Formula for Reverted Bladder due to Holding Urine:
Burn own fingernails to ash, take with water.
Formula for Men and Women with Reverted Bladder due to Holding Urine:
Take Talcum powder, mix with Onion decoction and take.
[General Treatment]
Puhuang San: Treats Heat in Heart and Kidney causing urinary retention.
Ingredients: Pollen Typhae (raw), Akebia, Schizonepeta, Plantago seed, Mulberry root bark (stir-fried), Talcum, Juncus effusus, Red Peony root, Red Poria, Roasted Licorice root (equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose before meals, mix with White onion and Perilla decoction.
Tongxin Yin: Treats Heat in Heart meridian, cracked lips, red face, urinary retention.
Ingredients: Akebia, Forsythia fruit (equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder. Take 1-2 qian per dose at any time, mix with Ophiopogon decoction or Juncus effusus decoction.
Divine Effect Formula for Urinary Retention lasting several days, near death:
Peach branch, Willow branch, Akebia, Descurainia seed, Sichuan pepper, Calcined Alum (each 1 liang), White onion (one handful), Juncus effusus (one bundle).
Preparation and Administration: Finely chop. Add 3 dou of water, decoct to 1.5 dou. Use a porcelain bottle, pour in half the hot decoction, fumigate the external genitals. Surround with a quilt to prevent wind entry. After a long time, urination will flow, discharging fluid like red bean juice. Replace if cool. Great efficacy. Another version lacks Descurainia seed.
Dusu Tuqi Fang (Single Garlic Navel Application): Treats urinary retention.
Ingredients: Single garlic clove (1), Gardenia (3-7 pods), Salt crystals (a little).
Preparation and Administration: Pound into paste, spread on paper flower, apply to navel. After a while, urination flows. If not, apply to scrotum, immediate relief.
Niuxi Tang: Treats urinary retention with penile pain, and blood stasis in women causing hard and painful abdomen.
Ingredients: Achyranthes root and leaf (one handful, raw), Angelica sinensis (baked, 1 liang), Scutellaria root (remove black heart, 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Chop coarsely. Take 5 qian bi per dose, add 1.5 cups of water, decoct to 0.7 cup, remove dregs, take warm, three times daily.
[Pregnancy]
Kuizi Fuling San (Zhongjing Formula):
Ingredients: Abelmoschus esculentus seed, Poria (each 3 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Pound into powder. Take 1 cun bi with water, three times daily. Cure when urination becomes free.
Guimo Kushen Wan (Zhongjing Formula):
Ingredients: Angelica sinensis, Fritillaria bulb, Sophora flavescens root (each 4 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into powder, make pills with refined honey, size like adzuki beans. Take 3-10 pills with water. For men, add 0.5 liang of Talcum.