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[Properties and Flavors] Salty in taste, warm and slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats thirst-quenching disease (Xiao Ke), clears internal heat, benefits Qi, and harmonizes the middle jiao. Another view states: it causes excessive heat in the body and is the longest-growing among the five grains. (Honey acts as its guiding herb/enforcer.)

Tao Hongjing stated: The current Kemu (裸麦/Spelt), also known as Moumai (牟麦, pronounced "Mou"), resembles Damai (Barley) but has a thinner husk. The annotation of *Tang Bencao* notes: Damai originates from the Guanzhong region, which is Qingke (Highland Barley). It treats abdominal distension and fullness, directs Qi downward, and benefits the waist and kidneys. Long-term consumption is very suitable for humans; when cooked thoroughly, it benefits the body, but when consumed raw, its cold nature damages the body. Chen Shiliang stated: Damai supplements deficiency and weakness, strengthens blood vessels, improves complexion, solidifies the five zang organs, and aids in the digestion of grains. Long-term consumption makes the skin fat, white, and smooth. Made into flour, it is superior to Xiaomai (Wheat) and lacks燥热 (dry-heat) properties. Another view states it is slightly warm; long-term consumption consumes Kidney Qi, so it should not be eaten in excess. Ri Huazi stated: Maifan (Bran/Husk of wheat/barley), warms the middle and directs Qi downward, opens the appetite, stops cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea, relieves irritability, resolves phlegm, breaks up mass formations, and can induce labor or abort fetuses.

*Tujing Bencao* provides detailed records under the entry for Xiaomai (Wheat).

Chen Cangqi stated: It does not disturb wind-qi, harmonizes the middle and stops diarrhea, making one fat and robust. Damai and Moumai appear twice in *Shennong Bencao Jing*. Su Song stated: Qingke is Damai. There is an entry in *Bencao Jing*; the ratio of Jingmi (Japonica Rice) to Daomi (Indica Rice) is one to two, similar to the relationship between Damai and Moumai. Su Song stated: Dao is the general term for grain, thus Moumai is the general term for Mai (barley/wheat). The repetition of husk and grain in *Bencao Jing* under the rice and barley section is merely due to the distinction between hulled and unhulled grains. Su Song stated: Damai is Qingke, and Moumai is Damai. This contradicts the previous note on rice. I believe Damai refers to the dehulled grain, while Moumai refers to the whole grain with husk, which differs from Qingke seeds. Qingke resembles Damai but naturally has the husk and kernel separated. It is cultivated west of Qin and Long. Currently, people mistake it for local grain varieties like millet and cannot distinguish them.

*Shenghui Fang*: For treating pregnancy where abortion is desired. Use 2 liang of Maifan (Bran), add 1.5 cups of water, decoct until 1 cup remains, divide into three warm doses. *Waitai Miyao*: Formula for inducing abortion due to illness during pregnancy: Use 1 sheng of Maifan, mix with 1 sheng of honey, take orally, and the fetus will pass down immediately; this is miraculous. Sun Simiao: If barley awn enters the eye, decoct Damai to wash the eye. To treat postpartum abdominal distension and obstruction, shortness of breath, and restlessness: Gongfeng Fu Taichu and the Cui Family Formula: Decoct Maifan for a long time to restore bowel movement and Qi flow. Dr. Cui claimed it was miraculous.

*Shanghan Leiyao*: To treat various types of jaundice, crush the seedlings and extract juice for oral administration. Another formula: Apply urine from the earwig (Qusu) externally.

*Yanyi* stated: Damai has neutral and cool properties. A person suffering from Chanhou Feng (Peritonsillar abscess/Quinsy) could not swallow food. By making a thin paste from this flour and having them swallow it, the slippery texture facilitates swallowing and assists Stomach Qi. During the Sanfu days (Dog Days), the court produced Yitang (Maltose/Syrup) to bestow upon officials, made into thick syrup.