\r松脂\pd294.bmp\r
味苦、甘，温，无毒。主疽，恶疮，头疡，白秃，疥瘙风气，安五脏，除热，胃中伏
热，咽干，消渴，及风痹死肌。炼之令白。其赤者主恶痹。久服轻身，不老延年，一名松膏
，一名松肪。生太山山谷。六月采。
松实 味苦，温，无毒。主风痹寒气，虚羸少气，补不足。九月采，阴干。
松叶 味苦，温。主风湿疮，生毛发，安五脏，守中，不饥延年。臣禹锡等谨按
日华子云
松节 温。主百节久风，风虚，脚痹疼痛。
松根白皮 主辟谷不饥。
陶隐居云∶采炼松脂法，并在服食方中，以桑灰汁或酒煮软，挪内寒水中数十过，白滑
则可用。其有自流出者，乃胜于凿树及煮用膏也。其实不可多得，唯叶只是断谷所宜，细切
如粟，以水及面饮服之。亦有阴干捣为屑，丸服者。人患恶病，服此无不瘥。比来苦脚弱人，
酿松节酒亦皆愈。松、柏皆有脂润，又凌冬不凋，理为佳物，但人多轻忽近易之尔。唐本注
云∶松花，名松黄，拂取似蒲黄正尔，酒服身轻，疗病云胜皮、叶及脂。其子味甚甘。《经》
直云味苦，非也。松取枝烧其上，下承取汁名 （音诣）。主牛马疮疥佳。树皮绿衣名艾
，合和诸香烧之，其烟团聚，青白可爱也。臣禹锡等谨按药性论松脂，使，味甘，平。杀虫
用之。主耳聋，牙有 孔，少许咬之不落，虫自死，能贴诸疮脓血，煎膏生肌止痛，抽风。
萧炳云∶又有五叶者，一丛五叶如钗，名五粒松，道家服食绝粒，子如巴豆，新罗往往进之
。日华子云∶松脂，润心肺，下气，除邪，煎膏治 烂，排脓。又云松叶，暖，无毒。灸
冻疮，风湿疮佳。又云松节，无毒。治脚软，骨节风。又云松根白皮，味苦，温，无毒。补
五劳，益气。
图经曰∶松脂，生泰山山谷，今处处有之。其用以通明如薰陆香颗者为胜。道人服饵，
或合茯苓、松柏实、菊花作丸，皆先炼治。其法用大釜加水置甑，用白茅藉甑底，又加黄砂
于茅上，浓寸许可矣。然后布松脂于上，炊以桑薪，汤减即添热水，常令满。候松脂尽入釜
中，乃出之，投于冷水，既凝又蒸，如此三过，其白如玉，然后入药，亦可单服。其实及根
白皮，古亦有服食法，但今松实多作果品，余不闻堪入药。其花上黄粉名松黄，山人及时拂
取，作汤点之甚佳，但不堪停久，故鲜用寄远。烧其枝上，下承取汁液，名松 （音诣）。
主
牛马疮。皮上绿衣名艾 香，用合诸香烧之，其烟不散。方书言松为五粒，字当读为鬣，音
之误也。言每五鬣为一叶，或有两鬣、七鬣者。松岁久则实繁，中原虽有，然不及塞上有佳
好也。中品有墨条，不载所出州郡，然亦出于松，故附见于此。
圣惠方绝谷升仙不食法∶取松实捣为膏，酒调下三钱，日三。则不饥渴饮水，勿食他物，
百日身轻，日行五百里。又方服松叶，令人不老，身生绿毛，轻身益气，久服不已。绝谷不
饥渴，松叶不以多少，细切更研，每日食前以酒调下二钱，亦可粥汁服之。初服稍难，久自
便矣。又方治牙龈历虫，齿根暗黑。用松节烧灰揩之，神效。又方治一切 。炼成松脂末填
疮孔令满，日三、四度用之。又方神仙饵松实，用七月取松实，过时即落难收，去木皮，捣
如膏。每服如鸡子大，日三服，服及百日，身轻，三百日，日行五百里，绝谷，久服升仙，
渴即饮水，亦可以炼了松脂同服之。外台秘要集验疗龋齿。取松脂锐如锥， 龋孔内，须臾
龋虫缘松脂出。《梅师方》同。又方治恶风疾。松脂炼，投冷水中，二十遍，蜜丸。服二两，
饥
松脂三十斤，炼五十遍。不能五十遍，亦可二十遍。用以炼酥三升温和松脂三升熟，搅令极
稠。旦空腹以酒服方寸匕，日三。数食面粥为佳，慎血腥、生冷、酢物、果子，一百日瘥。
又方松节酒。主历节风，四肢疼痛。如解落。松脂二十斤，酒五斗，渍三七日，服一合，日
五、六服。千金方治香港脚十二风痹，不能行，服更生散数剂及众疗不得力，服此一剂，更能
行远，不过两剂。松叶酒∶松叶六十斤，细锉 咀，以水四石，煮取四斗九升，以酿五斗米
如常法，别煮松叶汁以渍米并 饭泥酿，封头七日，发，澄。饮之取醉，得此酒力者甚众。
又方治历节风。松叶捣取一升，以酒三升浸七日，服一合，日三服。又方治口 。青松叶一
斤，捣令汁出，精酒一升浸二宿，近火一宿，初且半升，渐至一升，头面汗即止。又方治三
年中风不效者。松叶一斤，细切之，以酒一斗，煮取三升。顿服取汗出，立瘥。千金翼若齿
黑。以松末灰揩之，末雄黄涂龈上百日，神效。梅师方治耳久聋。松脂三两，炼巴豆一两，
相和熟捣可丸，通过以薄绵裹，内耳孔中塞之，日一度易。孙尚药治脚转筋，疼痛挛急者。
松节一两，细锉如米粒，乳香一钱，右件药用银、石器内慢火炒令焦，只留一、二分性，出
火毒研细。每服一钱至二钱，热木瓜酒调下。应是筋病，皆治之。兵部手集疗刺入肉疼闷，
百理不瘥方∶松脂流出如细乳头香者，敷疮上以帛裹三、五日，当有根出，不痛不痒，不觉
自落。鬼遗方治疥癣。松胶香研细，约酌入少轻粉衮令匀，凡疥癣上先用油涂了，错末一日
便干，顽者三、两度。伤寒类要治天行病。辟温方∶切松叶如米，酒服方寸匕，日三，辟五
年瘟，抱朴子赵瞿病癞历年，医不瘥，家乃 粮弃送于山穴中。瞿自怨不幸，悲叹涕泣经月，
有仙人经穴，见之哀之，具问其详，瞿知其异人也。叩头自陈，乞命。于是仙人取囊中药赐
之。教其服百余日，疮愈，颜色悦，肌肤润。仙人再过视之，瞿谢活命之恩，乞遗其方。
仙人曰∶此是松脂，彼中极多。汝可炼服之，长服身转轻，力百倍，登危涉险，终日不困。
年百岁，齿不堕，发不白。夜卧常见有光。大如镜。列仙传 好食松实，能飞行健走及马，
以松子遗尧，尧不能服。松者， 松也。野人闲话伏虎尊师篇炼松脂法∶十斤松脂，五度以
水煮过，令苦味尽，取得后，每一斤炼了松脂，入四两茯苓末。每晨水下一刀圭，即终年不
食，而复延龄，身轻清爽。
衍义曰∶松黄一如蒲黄，但其味差淡。治产后壮热、头痛颊赤、口干唇焦、多烦燥渴、
昏闷不爽。松花、川芎、当归、石膏、蒲黄五物等同为末。每服二钱，水二合，红花二捻，
同煎七分，去滓，粥后温温细呷。松子，多海东来，今关右亦有，但细小味薄，与柏子仁同
治虚秘。
Pine Resin (Songzhi)
Bitter and sweet, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats carbuncles (ju), malignant sores, head ulcers, white alopecia capillitii (baitu), scabies with wind-induced itching, calms the five zang organs, eliminates heat, treats latent heat in the stomach, dry throat, Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), and wind-bi causing muscle atrophy and necrosis. Refined until white. The reddish variety primarily treats severe bi-syndrome. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life. Also known as Songgao (Pine Paste) or Songfang (Pine Fat). Grows in valleys of Mount Tai. Harvested in June.
Pine Nuts (Songshi)
Bitter, warm, non-toxic. Treats wind-bi cold qi, emaciation with shortness of breath, and tonifies deficiencies. Harvested in September, dried in shade.
Pine Needles (Songye)
Bitter, warm. Treats wind-damp sores, promotes hair growth, calms the five zang organs, stabilizes the middle jiao, prevents hunger, and prolongs life. Chen Yuxi et al. note: Ri Hua Zi states...
Pine Joints (Songjie)
Warm. Treats chronic wind in joints, deficiency wind, and bi-pain in the feet.
White Bark of Pine Roots (Songgen Bapi)
Treats hunger during grain avoidance (Juegu).
Tao Hongjing states: The methods for harvesting and refining pine resin are recorded in dietary therapy formulas. Boil soft with ash lye from mulberry branches or wine, then wash in cold water dozens of times until white and smooth, then it is usable. Naturally exuded resin is superior to that chiseled from trees or extracted by boiling. Pine nuts are not abundant; only pine needles are suitable for grain avoidance. Finely chop like millet grains, take with water and flour paste. Some are dried in shade, pounded into powder, and taken as pills. For patients with malignant diseases, taking this ensures recovery. Recently, those suffering from foot weakness have recovered by brewing and drinking pine joint wine. Pines and cypresses both possess moistening resin and do not wither in winter; theoretically, they are excellent medicinal materials, but people often neglect them because they are easily accessible. The *Tang Bencao* annotation states: Pine flowers are called Songhuang (Pine Pollen); collected like Typha pollen, taken with wine to lighten the body, treating diseases better than bark, needles, or resin. Its seeds taste very sweet. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* only says bitter, which is incorrect. Burn pine branches and collect the dripping liquid below, called Songli (Pine Distillate). It is excellent for treating sores and scabies in cattle and horses. The green layer on the bark is called Aixiang (Ai Incense); when mixed with various incenses and burned, the smoke gathers and appears blue-white and lovely. Chen Yuxi et al. note according to *Yaoxing Lun*: Pine resin is a guiding herb, sweet, neutral. Kills parasites. Treats deafness, dental caries holes; chewing a little causes worms to die without falling out. Can be applied to sores with pus and blood; boiled into ointment to generate flesh, stop pain, and dispel wind. Xiao Bing states: There is a five-needle variety, where one cluster has five needles like a hairpin, called Wuli Song (Five-Grain Pine). Daoists use it for grain avoidance; its seeds resemble croton seeds, often presented as tribute from Silla. Ri Hua Zi states: Pine resin moistens the lungs and heart, directs qi downward, eliminates evil, and boiled into ointment treats rotting sores and discharges pus. He also states: Pine needles are warm and non-toxic. Good for moxibustion on frostbite and wind-damp sores. Also states: Pine joints are non-toxic. Treats weak legs and joint wind. Also states: White bark of pine roots is bitter, warm, and non-toxic. Tonifies the five labors and benefits qi.
*Tujing* states: Pine resin grows in valleys of Mount Tai and is now found everywhere. The transparent pieces resembling frankincense granules are superior. Daoists consume it, sometimes combined with Poria (Fuling), pine/cypress nuts, and chrysanthemum to make pills, all requiring prior refinement. The method uses a large pot with water and a steamer basket lined with white cogon grass, topped with yellow sand about one inch thick. Spread pine resin on top, cook with mulberry firewood, adding hot water as needed to keep it full. Once the resin enters the pot, remove it, throw into cold water, let it solidify, then steam again. Repeat three times until white as jade, then use medicinally, or take alone. Pine nuts and root bark had ancient dietary methods, but nowadays pine nuts are mostly fruits, and others are rarely used medicinally. The yellow powder on flowers is called Songhuang; mountain people collect it timely, make tea with it, which is good, but it does not store well, so it is rarely sent far. Burning branches to collect liquid is called Songli. Treats cattle/horse sores. The green bark layer is called Aixiang; burning with other incenses produces persistent smoke. Medical texts say "five grains" of pine, the character should be read as Lie (bristles), an error. It means every five bristles form one leaf, or there may be two or seven bristles. Old pines produce more nuts; although present in Central Plains, those in the frontier are better. The middle category mentions Mo Tiao (Ink Strip), origin unknown, but derived from pine, so attached here.
*Shenghui Fang* Grain Avoidance Ascension Method: Take pine nuts, pound into paste, mix with wine, take 3 qian, three times daily. Then drink water without hunger/thirst, avoid other food. After 100 days, the body becomes light, walking 500 li daily. Another formula: Consume pine needles to prevent aging, grow green hair on the body, lighten the body and benefit qi. Long-term use prevents hunger/thirst during grain avoidance. Chop pine needles finely, grind, take 2 qian with wine before meals, or with porridge juice. Initial intake is difficult, becomes easy over time. Another formula for gum worms/dark tooth roots: Rub with ash from burnt pine joints, miraculous effect. Another formula for all malignant sores: Fill sore holes with refined pine resin powder, apply 3-4 times daily. Another formula: Immortal Pine Nut Elixir. Collect nuts in July (fallen ones are hard to gather), remove shells, pound into paste. Take size of chicken egg, three times daily. After 100 days, body lightens; after 300 days, walk 500 li daily, avoid grain, long-term use leads to ascension. Drink water if thirsty, or take with refined resin. *Waitai Miyao* Collection for Dental Caries: Sharpen pine resin like an awl, insert into cavity; soon the worm emerges along the resin. Same as *Meishi Fang*. Another formula for malignant wind disease: Refine pine resin, dip in cold water 20 times, make honey pills. Take 2 liang...
Refine 30 jin of pine resin 50 times. If not 50, then 20 times. Use to refine 3 sheng of ghee, mix with 3 sheng of ripe pine resin, stir until very thick. Take 1 fangcun bi with wine on empty stomach in morning, three times daily. Eat noodles/porridge frequently; avoid blood products, raw/cold foods, vinegar, fruits. Cured in 100 days. Another formula: Pine Joint Wine. Treats Li-jie Wind (painful joints), limb pain. Soak 20 jin pine resin in 5 dou wine for 21 days. Take 1 he, 5-6 times daily. *Qianjin Fang* treats Hong Kong Foot (Gout/Bi) and twelve wind-bi syndromes preventing walking. After other treatments fail, this formula allows long-distance walking; no more than two doses needed. Pine Needle Wine: 60 jin pine needles, finely chopped, boil in 4 shi water to get 4.9 sheng decoction. Brew 5 dou rice normally, but soak rice and mud-rice mixture in pine needle decoction instead of water. Seal for 7 days, ferment, clarify. Drinking this makes many intoxicated. Another formula for Li-jie Wind: Pound 1 sheng pine needles, soak in 3 sheng wine for 7 days. Take 1 he, three times daily. Another formula for facial paralysis (Kou Pi): Pound 1 jin fresh pine needles for juice, soak in 1 sheng fine wine for two nights, heat near fire for one night. Start with half sheng, gradually increase to one sheng; sweating from head/face stops it. Another formula for stroke ineffective for three years: Cut 1 jin pine needles finely, boil in 1 dou wine to get 3 sheng. Take once to induce sweating, immediate cure. *Qianjin Yi* for black teeth: Rub with pine ash powder, apply realgar powder to gums for 100 days, miraculous. Meishi Fang for chronic deafness: Mix 3 liang refined pine resin with 1 liang processed croton seed, pound into pills. Wrap thinly in cotton, insert into ear hole, change once daily. Sun Shangyao for leg cramps/pain/spasms: 1 liang pine joints, finely chopped like rice grains; 1 qian Frankincense (Ruxiang). Stir-fry slowly in silver/copper vessel until scorched, retaining slight properties, remove fire toxicity, grind fine. Take 1-2 qian with hot quince wine. Treats all tendon diseases. *Bingbu Shouji* for penetrating thorn pain/stuffiness unresponsive to treatment: Apply exuded pine resin (like fine nipple frankincense) to sore, wrap with cloth for 3-5 days; root will emerge, painless/itchless, falls off naturally. *Guiyi Fang* for Scabies/Tinea: Grind pine resin/incense fine, mix with small amount of Calomelas (Qingfen). Apply oil to sores first, rub powder on; dries in one day, stubborn cases need 2-3 applications. *Shanghan Leiyao* for Epidemic Disease. Preventive Warmth Formula: Cut pine needles like rice grains, take 1 fangcun bi with wine, three times daily, prevents 5-year plague. *Baopuzi*: Zhao Qu suffered from leprosy for years, doctors failed. Family abandoned him in mountain cave. He lamented for months. An immortal passed by, pitied him, asked details. Zhao realized he was extraordinary, kowtowed begging for life. Immortal gave medicine from bag, taught him to take for over 100 days. Sores healed, complexion brightened, skin moistened. Immortal visited again; Zhao thanked him, begged for the formula. Immortal said: This is pine resin, abundant there. Refine and take it. Long-term use lightens body, increases strength 100-fold, enables climbing/wading without fatigue. At 100 years old, teeth don't fall, hair doesn't turn white. See light at night like a mirror. *Lie Xian Zhuan*: [Immortal] loved eating pine nuts, could fly/run fast like horses, gave pine nuts to Emperor Yao, who couldn't digest them. Pine is... *Yeren Xianhua Fuhu Zunshi Pian* Refining Pine Resin Method: 10 jin pine resin, boiled in water 5 times until bitterness gone. Take 1 jin refined resin, add 4 liang Poria powder. Take 1 daogui with water every morning; eat no food all year, extend lifespan, body light and clear.
*Yanyi* states: Songhuang is like Typha pollen but milder in taste. Treats postpartum high fever, headache/red cheeks, dry mouth/chapped lips, irritability/thirst, dizziness/stuffiness. Powder equal parts Pine Flower, Ligusticum (Chuanxiong), Angelica Sinensis (Danggui), Gypsum (Shigao), and Typha Pollen (Puhuang). Take 2 qian, boil in 2 he water with 2 pinches of Safflower (Honghua) to 70% reduction. Strain, sip warm after porridge. Pine nuts mostly come from East Sea; now found in Guanxi, but small and mild-tasted. Combined with Juniper Seed (Baizi Ren) to treat deficiency constipation.